FLOWBACK AND
PRODUCED WATERS
Opportunities and Challenges for Innovation
Proceedings of a Workshop
Ed J. Dunne, Rapporteur
Roundtable on Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development
Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
Water Science and Technology Board
Division on Earth and Life Studies
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This activity was supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation under grant no. G-2015-14016, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Foundation, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement under contract no. E15PC00008, the Colorado School of Mines, The Cynthia and George Mitchell Foundation, the Environmental Defense Fund, Flinders University, GE Oil and Gas, The Ohio State University, Schlumberger Limited, Texas A&M University, the U.S. Department of Energy under award no. DE-FE0027898, West Virginia University, and XTO Energy Inc. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-45262-5
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-45262-7
Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/24620
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Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Flowback and Produced Waters: Opportunities and Challenges for Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24620.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON FLOWBACK AND PRODUCED WATERS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR INNOVATION
STEVEN P. HAMBURG, Co-Chair, Environmental Defense Fund, Belmont, Massachusetts
KRIS J. NYGAARD, Co-Chair, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co., Spring, Texas
BRIAN J. ANDERSON, West Virginia University, Morgantown
MELISSA BATUM, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC
SUSAN L. BRANTLEY (NAS), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AKHIL DATTA-GUPTA (NAE), Texas A&M University–College Station
JOE LIMA, Schlumberger Services, Inc., Denver, Colorado
DANIEL LIND, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC
JAN MARES, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC
ELENA S. MELCHERT, Office of Fossil Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC
BRIDGET R. SCANLON (NAE), Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin
CRAIG SIMMONS, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Staff
ELIZABETH A. EIDE, Director
ED J. DUNNE, Program Officer
CAMLY TRAN, Associate Program Officer
NICHOLAS D. ROGERS, Financial and Research Associate
COURTNEY R. GIBBS, Program Associate
ERIC J. EDKIN, Senior Program Assistant
BRENDAN R. McGOVERN, Senior Program Assistant
BOARD ON EARTH SCIENCES AND RESOURCES
GENE WHITNEY, Chair, Congressional Research Service (Retired), Washington, DC
R. LYNDON (LYN) ARSCOTT, International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (Retired), Danville, California
CHRISTOPHER (SCOTT) CAMERON, GeoLogical Consulting, LLC, Houston, Texas
CAROL P. HARDEN, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
T. MARK HARRISON, University of California, Los Angeles
ANN S. MAEST, Buka Environmental, Boulder, Colorado
DAVID R. MAIDMENT, The University of Texas at Austin
M. MEGHAN MILLER, UNAVCO, Inc., Boulder, Colorado
ISABEL P. MONTAÑEZ, University of California, Davis
HENRY N. POLLACK, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
JAMES M. ROBERTSON, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Madison
JAMES SLUTZ, National Petroleum Council, Washington, DC
SHAOWEN WANG, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Staff
ELIZABETH A. EIDE, Director
ANNE M. LINN, Scholar
SAMMANTHA L. MAGSINO, Senior Program Officer
NICHOLAS D. ROGERS, Financial and Research Associate
YASMIN ROMITTI, Research Associate
COURTNEY R. GIBBS, Program Associate
ERIC J. EDKIN, Senior Program Assistant
RAYMOND CHAPPETTA, Program Assistant
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BOARD
GEORGE M. HORNBERGER, Chair, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
EDWARD J. BOUWER, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
DAVID A. DZOMBAK, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
M. SIOBHAN FENNESSY, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio
BEN GRUMBLES, Clean Water America Alliance, Washington, DC
ARTURO A. KELLER, University of California, Santa Barbara
CATHERINE L. KLING, Iowa State University, Ames
LARRY LARSON, Association of State Floodplain Managers, Madison, Wisconsin
DINAH LOUDA, Veolia Institute, Paris, France
STEPHEN POLASKY, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
JAMES W. ZIGLAR, SR., Van Ness Feldman, Washington, DC
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Staff
ELIZABETH A. EIDE, Acting Director
LAURA J. EHLERS, Senior Program Officer
STEPHANIE E. JOHNSON, Senior Program Officer
ED J. DUNNE, Program Officer
M. JEANNE AQUILINO, Financial and Administrative Associate
BRENDAN R. McGOVERN, Senior Program Assistant
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Acknowledgments
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published Proceedings of a Workshop as sound as possible and to ensure that the Proceedings of a Workshop meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this Proceedings of a Workshop:
Rosemary Capo, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Jean-Philippe Nicot, The University of Texas at Austin
Harry Zhang, Water Environment & Reuse Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the Proceedings of a Workshop before its release. The review of this Proceedings of a Workshop was overseen by Barbara Schaal, Washington University, who was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this Proceedings of a Workshop was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this Proceedings of a Workshop rests entirely with the rapporteur and the institution.
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