References
Camacho, L. M., L. Dumée, J. Zhang, J. Li., M. Duke, J. Gomez, and S. Gray. 2013. Advances in membrane distillation for water desalination and purification applications. Water 5:94-196.
CCST (California Council on Science and Technology) and LBNLPI (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Pacific Institute). 2014. Advanced Well Stimulation Technologies in California. An Independent Review of Scientific and Technical Information. Funded by U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Sacramento, CA.
Chapman S., G. Leslie, and I. Law. n.d. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) for municipal wastewater treatment—An Australian perspective. Available at http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/CHAPMAN%20et%20al%20ny%20MBR%20for%20Minicipal%20Wastewater%20Treatment.pdf (accessed November 10, 2016).
Cheryan, M. 1998. Ultrafiltration and microfiltration handbook (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Chesapeake Energy Corporation. 2009. Dewatering projects. Pursuing opportunities presented by dewatering projects in northern Oklahoma. The Play (Summer):10.
Clark, C. E., and J. A. Veil. 2009. Produced Water Volumes and Management Practices in the United States. Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. Argonne, IL: Argonne National Laboratory.
CSUR (Canadian Society for Unconventional Resources). 2016. Understanding Tight Oil. Available at http://www.csur.com/sites/default/files/Understanding_TightOil_FINAL.pdf (accessed November 8, 2016).
DOE (Department of Energy). 2004. A white paper describing produced water fromin production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal bed methane. Lemont, IL: Argonne National Laboratory. Available at http://www.ipd.anl.gov/anlpubs/2004/02/49109.pdf (accessed November 9, 2016).
DOE. 2014. The Water-Energy Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities. Available at http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/07/f17/Water%20Energy%20Nexus%20Full%20Report%20July%202014.pdf (accessed August 23, 2016).
DOE. n.d. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Independent Statistics and Analysis. Glossary. Available at http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=V (accessed November 10, 2016).
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. 2012 Guidelines for Water Reuse. EPA/600/R-12/618. Available at https://nepis.epa.gov/Adobe/PDF/P100FS7K.pdf (accessed November 22, 2016).
EPA. 2015. Assessment of the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas on drinking water resources. Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development.
EPA. 2016a. Class II Oil and Gas Related Injection Wells. Available at https://www.epa.gov/uic/class-ii-oil-and-gas-related-injection-wells#well_types (accessed November 9, 2016).
EPA. 2016b. Water Recycling and Reuse: The Environmental Benefits. Available at https://www3.epa.gov/region9/water/recycling (accessed November 22, 2016).
EPA. n.d. Biological Filtration. Available at https://iaspub.epa.gov/tdb/pages/treatment/treatmentOverview.do?treatmentProcessId=1174340674 (accessed November 10, 2016).
EWI (Energy Water Initiative). 2015. U.S. Onshore Unconventional Exploration and Production Water Management Case Studies. Prepared by CH2M Hill.
Gallegos, T. J., and B. A. Varela. 2015. Trends in hydraulic fracturing distributions and treatment fluids, additives, proppants, and water volumes applied to wells drilled in the United States from 1947 through 2010—Data analysis and comparison to the literature. USGS Report 2014-5131.
GSTC (Gasification and Syngas Technology Council). n.d. Plasma Gasification. Available at http://www.gasification-syngas.org/technology/plasma-gasification (accessed November 22, 2016).
Halliburton. 2013. Fracturing Fluid Systems. Broad Variety of Systems Enables Customizing the Treatment Fluid to Reservoir Requirements. Available at http://www.halliburton.com/public/pe/contents/Data_Sheets/web/H/H05667.pdf (accessed November 9, 2016).
HexionFracline. 2012. Fracturing fluids 101. Oilfield Technology Newsletter. Spring 2012. Available at http://www.hexionfracline.com/spring2012 (accessed on January 12, 2017).
Ibáñez, R., A. Pérez-González, P. Gómez, A. M. Urtiga, and I. Ortiz. 2013. Acid and base recovery from softened reverse osmosis (RO) brines. Experimental assessment using model concentrates. Desalination 309:165-170.
King, G. 2012. Hydraulic Fracturing 101: What every representative, environmentalist, regulator, reporter, Investor, University Researcher, Neighbor and Engineer Should Know about Estimating Frac Risk and Improving Frac Performance in Unconventional Gas and Oil Wells. Presentation at the Society of Petroleum Engineers Hydraulic Fracturing Conference, The Woodlands, TX, February 6-8 (SPE 152596).
Kuwayama, Y., S. Roeshot, A. Krupnick, N. Richardson, and J. Mares. 2015. Pits Versus Tanks: Risks and Mitigation Options for On-site Storage of Wastewater from Shale Gas and Tight Oil Development. Resources for the Future. Available at http://www.rff.org/files/document/file/RFF-DP-15-53.pdf (accessed September 12, 2016).
Martin, L. 2014. Electrocoagulation: A Shocking Approach to Wastewater Treatment. Available at http://www.wateronline.com/doc/a-shocking-approach-to-wastewater-treatment-0001 (accessed November 21, 2016).
Maupin, M. A., J. F. Kenny, S. S. Hutson, J. K. Lovelace, N. L. Barber, and K. S. Linsey. 2014. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2010. USGS Circular 1405. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey.
Murray, K. 2013. State-scale perspective on water use and production associated with oil and gas operations, Oklahoma, U.S. Environmental Science & Technology 47:4918-4925.
NGWA (National Groundwater Association). 2010. Brackish Groundwater. NGWA Information Brief. Available at http://www.ngwa.org/media-center/briefs/documents/brackish_water_info_brief_2010.pdf (accessed November 21, 2016).
NRC (National Research Council). 2010. Management and effects of coalbed methane produced water in the western United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
NRC. 2013. Induced seismicity potential in energy technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
NRC. 2014. Development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the Appalachian basin: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2016. Water withdrawals. Available at https://data.oecd.org/water/water-withdrawals.htm (accessed November 10, 2016).
Scanlon, B. R., R. C. Reedy, and J. P. Nicot. 2014a. Will water scarcity in semiarid regions limit hydraulic fracturing of shale plays? Environmental Research Letters 9:1-14.
Scanlon, B. R., R. C. Reedy, and J. P. Nicot. 2014b. Comparison of water use for hydraulic fracturing for unconventional oil and gas versus conventional oil. Environmental Science & Technology 48:12386-12393.
Scanlon, B. R., R. C. Reedy, F. Male, and M. Hove. 2016. Managing the increasing water footprint of hydraulic fracturing in the Bakken Play, United States. Environmental Science & Technology 50:10273-10281.
Shon, H. K., S. Phuntsho, D. S. Chaudhary, S. Vigneswaran, and J. Cho. 2013. Nanofiltration for water and wastewater—a mini review. Drinking Water Engineering Science 6:47-53.
SPE International. 2016. Fracturing Fluids and Additives. Available at http://petrowiki.org/Fracturing_fluids_and_additives (accessed November 10, 2016).
Veil, J. 2015. U.S. Produced Water Volumes and Management Practices in 2012. A report prepared for the Groundwater Protection Council. Available at http://www.gwpc.org/sites/default/files/Produced%20Water%20Report%202014GWPC_0.pdf (accessed November 9, 2016).
Water Research Foundation. 2015. Past, Present, and Future Support for One Water. Available at http://www.fwea.org/docs/FWRC.2015.Water_ResearchFoundation.IWM_1.pdf (accessed November 10, 2016).
WateReuse. n.d. Water reuse 101. Glossary. Available at https://watereuse.org/water-reuse-101/glossary (accessed November 22, 2016).
WRI (World Resources Institute). 2013. What’s the Difference Between Water Use and Water Consumption? Available at http://www.wri.org/blog/2013/03/what%E2%80%99s-difference-between-water-use-and-water-consumption (accessed November 22, 2016).
