NextGen for Airports, Volume 3: Resources for Airports (2016)

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74 | RESOURCES FOR AIRPORTS Public Information ToolkitC Introduction The Public Information Toolkit provides information on what and how to communicate with a broad spectrum of external stakeholders, such as local politicians, business leaders, the sur-rounding community, local environmental advocates, the local pilot community, and others with aviation interests. It provides a number of direct and simple messages about NextGen and ex- pected changes from NextGen. Note that the full toolkit is available on the ACRP NextGen series site: https://crp.trb.org/acrp0127. NextGen Messages For these audiences, there are two sets of messages that overlap across groups. The first is that air travel can improve and grow as a result of NextGen, with business impacts and greater reliability of air travel. The following statements can be made about NextGen to an airport’s stakeholders: • NextGen will enable more efficient flight routes with the potential for lower fuel burn. • These efficiency improvements represent billions of dollars of saved fuel and time to airlines, but in airport terms, traffic will increase only in relatively small amounts year by year. • NextGen enables more efficient use of airspace, which can increase throughput at an airport even if the airport does nothing. Actual increases in airport traffic will depend, as before, on airline deci- sions, local economy impacts, and the overall economy. • A NextGen Metroplex program includes the air traffic procedures at nearby GA, reliever, and small airports, so that flights to and from smaller nearby airports will be easier for aircraft with GPS. • Flights to mountainous airports and foggy areas will become more reliable. • Flights in bad weather will be delayed less and cancelled less. The second set of messages is the issues of interest in the community surrounding the airport, and issues for those with environmental interests. NextGen has the potential to bring changes to these communities that can be seen as either good or bad. Broadly, public information concerns will fall into three categories: • The pattern of aircraft noise may change. Those who already experience aircraft noise may see it increase or decrease. • The period of environmental review for the new procedures and flight pattern changes may appear to be shortened. • Greenhouse gas emissions on airports are being reduced.

Appendix C: Public Information Toolkit | 75 Communicating with Community As noted in this resource guide and ACRP Report 150: NextGen for Airports: A Primer, FAA notification procedures for changed routes that alter noise patterns may occur far enough in advance that the community forgets about them, or is unaware of them. Airports can promote good neighbor relations by providing consistent and ongoing communication about upcoming changes, raising awareness of both the positive environmental and access benefits of NextGen as well as the potential for changed noise patterns. The materials in this Toolkit will provide messaging examples that can be employed with the community. See ACRP Report 150: NextGen for Airports, Volume 2: Engaging Airport Stakehold- ers: Guidebook for additional suggestions on outreach strategies. The toolkit provides the following information: • Single page flyers and short brochures that can be used by airport in their outreach (the flyers are reprinted on the following pages for your convenience). • An animated presentation accessible electronically.

Appendix C: Public Information Toolkit | 77 Page 1 of 2 NextGen: An Overview NextGen, the Next Generation Air Transportation System, is a set of programs being implemented by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) over the next several years. This modernization program is a complex undertaking that the FAA believes will lead to more efficient and accurate flight trajectories that will benefit travelers and airlines. SOME BACKGROUND Since the 1950s, airplanes have been guided by radar systems. While there have been steady improvements to the technology, satellite-based Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) can deliver more precise position information. For example, due to radar tracking’s limitations, planes maintain a 5-mile buffer in the air and a 3-mile one on landings. NextGen Updates Positions Much More frequently Radar NextGen Radar-based systems update positions once every 6–12 seconds. However, NextGen-based systems update every second, making flying safer. GPS and digital technologies will change that. They provide the precise position of an airplane, whether over land or water, to air traffic controllers and other aircraft within 150 miles. GPS also updates the aircraft position every second, which is more frequently than the 6 to 12 seconds with radar. ADVANCING AIR SAFETY The new navigation procedures enabled by NextGen will improve the management of air traffic, making our already safe skies even safer. NextGen also enables shorter and more direct flight paths. These, too, increase system safety. BOOSTING EFFICIENCY Weather has often been a major factor in flight delays. With GPSs, airports can now support take-offs and landings when low clouds would have limited or prevented aircraft from flying or landing. NextGen affects every aspect of the air travel experience, from departure gate to arrival gate. Knowing the exact position of aircraft on the ground allows better timing of gate pushback, reduces stacked airplanes waiting Slope Time Radar-based NextGen-based Ski season in Colorado brings big business from tourism. Traditionally, unpredictable weather from November to April meant about 75 flight delays per day at some close- to-the-slopes airports. Complaints were rampant. Frustrations were elevated. Following the installation of critical NextGen infrastructure the complaints have dropped to zero. How precise is it? Before NextGen controllers could only accept four arrivals and departures per hour. With NextGen: 15 to 20 per hour.

78 | RESOURCES FOR AIRPORTS Page 2 of 2 AIRPORT LOGO CAN BE PLACED HERE for takeoff, and enables controllers to more efficiently guide aircraft to the gate. NextGen landing Traditional landing Airport The Greener Skies Over Seattle initiative has demonstrated environmental benefits. The new system allows pilots to land in a continuous descent approach, unlike the traditional “stairstep” approach currently used in some locations. This new descent is much smoother as airplanes are better able to glide in at reduced thrust. IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT With NextGen, airport takeoffs and landings follow more precise flight tracks. Continuous descent reduces nitrous oxide emissions. Along with better management of airplanes on the ground, this means less fuel burned and lower exposure to noise from gate to gate. -2.1 million gallons of fuel used -22 thousand metric tons of carbon emissions as if removing 4100 cars from the road 750,000 people’s exposure to noise reduced FIND OUT MORE Visit www.faa.gov/nextgen/ to learn more.

Appendix C: Public Information Toolkit | 79 Page 1 of 1 AIRPORT LOGO CAN BE PLACED HERE NextGen, the Next Generation Air Transportation System, is a set of programs being implemented by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) over the next several years. This modernization program is a complex undertaking that the FAA believes will lead to more efficient and accurate flight trajectories that will benefit travelers and airlines. NextGen replaces ground-based tracking systems with satellite-based Global Positioning Systems (GPSs). This change allows more precise, accurate routing and tracking of aircraft, on the ground and in the air. That can mean that existing airport infrastructure can support more airport activity. However, this will not happen immediately. It may be several years before communities experience increased airport activity. AIRPORTS PROVIDE ECONOMIC BENEFIT Airports are a significant contributor to local economies. In 2013 the 485 commercial airports across the U.S. supported 9.6 million jobs totaling $358 billion in payroll.1 From grounds crews to concessionaires, airport activity provides jobs for your neighbors and friends. NEXTGEN SUPPORTS ENVIRONMENTALLY HEALTHY GROWTH One major concern with airport activity is its environmental impact. With NextGen, airport takeoffs and landings follow more precise flight tracks. Continuous descent reduces nitrous oxide emissions. Along with better management of airplanes on the ground, this means less fuel burned and lower exposure to noise from gate to gate. A WORK IN PROGRESS In order to make the entire system more environmentally positive, some individuals and communities will notice increased noise as air traffic is concentrated along a narrower path. Our airport will work closely with the FAA as they develop NextGen procedures for our airport to maximize the environmental benefit and minimize negative impacts. FIND OUT MORE Visit www.faa.gov/nextgen/ to learn more. 1 “ The Economic Impact of Commercial Airports in 2013,” Prepared for Airports Council International—North America by CDM Smith, September 2014. NextGen Is Changing Air Travel The Contribution of All 485 Commercial Airports in the U.S. 9.6 million jobs +$358 billion in payroll Potential Environmental Benefits Fewer metric tons of carbon emissions Less fuel used

Appendix C: Public Information Toolkit | 81 Page 1 of 2 NextGen Is Changing Air Travel NextGen, the Next Generation Air Transportation System, is a set of programs being implemented by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) over the next several years. This modernization program is a complex undertaking that the FAA believes will lead to more efficient and accurate flight trajectories that will benefit travelers and airlines. NextGen replaces ground-based tracking systems with satellite-based Global Positioning Systems (GPSs). This change allows more precise, accurate routing and tracking of aircraft, on the ground and in the air. AIRPORT OPERATIONS WILL IMPROVE Implementing NextGen will bring three major changes to airport operations: n New technologies will change flight paths, enabling aircraft to fly more direct routes, saving fuel and reducing CO2 emissions. n Tracking technologies will pinpoint aircraft in the air and on the ground, allowing for better aircraft management. n Data sharing will provide airports with a better picture of aircraft operations and enable better system-wide planning, especially in inclement weather. NEXTGEN PINPOINTS AIRCRAFT LOCATIONS GPS technology allows for more precision. Just one change – reducing air travel delays caused by weather – will have a significant impact on the air travel system. Delays at large airports cause ripple effects throughout the system, impacting airports of every size. NextGen technology addresses this by pinpointing aircraft position relative to weather systems and precisely rerouting travel to avoid weather problems. AIRCRAFT POSITIONING UPDATE FREQUENCY every 6–12seconds every second Radar-based NextGen-based 70% PERCENTAGE OF DELAYS THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO WEATHER Weather has often been a major factor in flight delays. According to the FAA, 70% of flight delays can be attributed to weather. In terminal areas, NextGen technologies allow continued operation during inclement weather. With NextGen, it is possible to have safe arrival and departure windows that would previously have been closed due to weather.

82 | RESOURCES FOR AIRPORTS Page 2 of 2 AIRPORT LOGO CAN BE PLACED HERE SMALLER AIRPORTS WILL ALSO BENEFIT NextGen improvements will be seen in smaller and general aviation airports, too. The same technology enhancements happening at large metroplex airports will mean better instrument approaches and safer air travel. General aviation pilots who install an Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) unit in their aircraft will receive weather and aircraft traffic information right in their cockpit. For example, it’s already helping ADS-B-equipped pilots at Charles M. Schulz in Sonoma County, California, land their aircraft when the approach is covered in fog. NEXTGEN SUPPORTS ENVIRONMENTALLY HEALTHY GROWTH With NextGen, airport takeoffs and landings follow more precise flight tracks. Continuous descent reduces nitrous oxide emissions. Along with better management of taxi queues on the ground, this means less fuel burned from gate to gate. IN SEATTLE, NEXTGEN IMPROVED THE ENVIRONMENT -2.1 million gallons of fuel used -22 thousand metric tons of carbon emissions as if removing 4100 cars from the road 750,000 people’s exposure to noise reduced NEXTGEN ALSO RAISES SOME CONCERNS Any change this large and complex will affect our community. Our airport will work closely with the FAA as they develop NextGen procedures for our airport to maximize the environmental benefit and minimize impacts. FIND OUT MORE Visit www.faa.gov/nextgen/ to learn more.

Appendix C: Public Information Toolkit | 83 Page 1 of 2 NextGen: Advancing Air Safety At any given time, there are around 7,000 aircraft in the air in the U.S. To monitor all of that traffic and keep it moving safely, air traffic controllers have relied on monitoring screens showing information gathered from ground-based tracking and radar systems, a process that has been used since the 1950s. While it is quite reliable, advances in technology, particularly satellite-based Global Positioning Systems (GPSs), are enabling a new era in managing the air transportation system. Known as NextGen, the Next Generation Air Transportation System, it is being implemented by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). NextGen Increases Safety Across the Nation More than 1,600 airports in the U.S. already have NextGen procedures making it easier for all pilots, including general aviation pilots, to fly to airports during low visibility conditions. PRECISE INFORMATION IMPROVES SAFETY Pilots can use flight deck displays of other aircraft positions to maintain proper separation, such as when landing on closely spaced runways. This information is available under Automatic Dependent Surveillance– Broadcast (ADS-B), which reports aircraft location derived from GPS. This can also permit taxi procedures in low visibility, reducing weather-related delays, and maintaining more predictable operations. NextGen also enables more direct, shorter flight paths. Improved GPS- based surveillance plus predictable, repeatable flight paths will allow 70% PERCENTAGE OF DELAYS THAT ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO WEATHER Weather has often been a major factor in flight delays. According to the FAA, 70% of flight delays can be attributed to weather. In terminal areas, NextGen technologies allow continued operation during inclement weather. With NextGen, it is possible to have safe arrival and departure windows that would previously have been closed due to weather.

84 | RESOURCES FOR AIRPORTS Page 2 of 2 AIRPORT LOGO CAN BE PLACED HERE the air travel system to continue current levels of safety in the face of increased future traffic demand. Weather has often been a major factor in flight delays. In fact, according to the FAA, 70% of flight delays can be attributed to weather. Now, with NextGen, airplanes can share exact weather data with controllers and reroute around weather systems. In terminal areas, NextGen technologies allow continued operations during inclement weather. With NextGen, it is possible to have safe arrival and departure windows that would previously have been closed due to weather. NextGen Pinpoints Aircraft Locations GPS technology allows for more precision. FIND OUT MORE Visit www.faa.gov/nextgen/ to learn more. In Washington, D.C., NextGen Saved Fuel and Reduced Pollution Fewer metric tons of carbon emissions Less fuel used

Appendix C: Public Information Toolkit | 85 Page 1 of 2 NextGen, the Next Generation Air Transportation System, is a set of programs being implemented by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) over the next several years. It includes protecting the environment while allowing for growth in air travel. NextGen will benefit the environment in two key ways: Improved air quality Reduced noise EFFICIENCY IMPROVES AIR QUALITY NextGen replaces ground-based radar data with satellite-based data from the U.S. Global Positioning Satellite System, or GPS. Because it is more precise than the systems that have been used for years, it improves the efficiency of the country’s air transportation system, using less fuel and reducing emissions. From gate to gate, fuel improvements are noticeable. Ground operations can be managed to reduce waiting on the tarmac. In flight, the routes enabled by GPS can mean shorter, more direct flights that use less fuel. According to the FAA, “[a]irlines using NextGen procedures at Washington, D.C., airports are expected to save 2.3 million gallons of fuel per year and cut aircraft exhaust emissions by 7,300 metric tons.” (Source: FAA Nextgen Update: 2014) REDUCING NOISE More precision brings tighter takeoff and landing patterns, which means a smaller area is impacted by airport noise. In Seattle, for example, the FAA, airlines, the Port of Seattle, and Boeing Corporation are collaborating on a project that has added 27 new procedures to reduce noise and emissions. Alaska Airlines estimates that the Greener Skies Over Seattle initiative, as the project is known, will cut fuel consumption by 2.1 million gallons annually and reduce carbon emissions by 22,000 metric tons. That’s like taking 4,100 cars off the road every year. And it will reduce noise exposure for about 750,000 people living along the flight corridor. “…airlines using NextGen procedures at Washington, D.C., airports are expected to save 2.3 million gallons of fuel per year and cut aircraft exhaust emissions by 7,300 metric tons.” — FAA Nextgen Update: 2014 NextGen: Better for the Environment Example of NextGen Fuel Saving on Landing 300– 200– 100– PRE WITH NEXTGEN NEXTGEN 269 GALLONS 194 GALLONS GALLONS A flight from Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport using NextGen technology demonstrates how fuel is saved. As US Airways Captain Brian Townsend pulled back the throttles to begin his descent from 37,000 feet, he had 1,493 gallons of fuel onboard. When he landed the Airbus A320 27 minutes later, he had only burned 194 gallons, less than the 269 gallons that had been the average.

86 | RESOURCES FOR AIRPORTS Page 2 of 2 AIRPORT LOGO CAN BE PLACED HERE In Seattle, NextGen Improved the Environment Less fuel used Reduced noise exposure Fewer metric tons of carbon emissions Green Skies Over Seattle Initiative Flight Paths SEA Conventional approach Green Sky approach The system isn’t perfect. In order to make the entire system more environmentally positive, some individuals and communities will notice increased noise as air traffic is concentrated along a narrower path. Our airport will work closely with the FAA as they develop NextGen procedures for our airport to maximize the environmental benefit and avoid negative impacts. FIND OUT MORE Visit www.faa.gov/nextgen/ to learn more.

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation