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81 Appendix A Survey Questionnaire (Web-Only)
82 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s LETTER TO THE RESPONDENT Dear Geotechnical Engineer, The Transportation Research Board (TRB) is preparing a synthesis on the reuse of bridge foundations. This is being done for NCHRP, under the sponsorship of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration. Bridge preservation is a central challenge for our aging infrastructure. One appealing, sustainable option for many preservation efforts is reusing bridge foundations, which can result in time and cost savings, enhanced performance, and reduced mobility impacts. However, foundation reuse presents significant challenges, including uncertainties in foundation condition, remaining service life, and capacity. The goal of the study is to document current practices and guidelines used by transportation agencies for the reuse of bridge foundations. This survey is the most critical component of the project effort. We are particularly interested in identifying policies and procedures that have been adopted related to foundation reuse. Your cooperation in completing the questionnaire will ensure the success of this effort. Geotechnical engineers are, in large part, the primary contacts for this survey. It is likely that for some agencies, bridge or structural engineers may be better equipped to respond to parts of the survey, especially with respect to identifying all instances of foundation reuse. Accordingly, information from state bridge engineers will likely be necessary to complete the survey. To address this and other possible scenarios, participants are encouraged to share the survey response effort among personnel by following the instructions included below. Please complete the survey by February 12. We estimate the survey will take approximately 25 minutes to complete. If you have questions, please contact the principal investigator, Andy Boeckmann, at 573-424-0017 or boeckmanna@missouri.edu. Any supporting materials or additional documents that might be useful for this study would be much appreciated and can be sent directly to Andy by email or using the postal address at the end of the survey. Thank you for participating in the survey! QUESTIONNAIRE INSTRUCTIONS 1. To view and print the entire questionnaire, Click on the following link and print using "control p" 2. To save your partial answers and complete the questionnaire later, click on the "Save and Continue Later" link in the upper right hand corner of your screen. A link to the incomplete questionnaire will be emailed to you from SurveyGizmo. To return to the questionnaire later, open the email from SurveyGizmo and click on the link. We suggest using the âSave and Continue Laterâ feature if there will be more than 15 minutes of inactivity while the survey is opened. 3. Continue Later" link in the upper right hand corner of your screen. A link to the incomplete questionnaire will be emailed to you from SurveyGizmo." Open the email from SurveyGizmo and forward it to a colleague. Note that only one person may work on To pass a partially completed questionnaire to a colleague, click on the "Save and
83 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s the survey at a time; the survey response should only be active on one computer at a time. 4. To view and print your answers before submitting the survey, click forward to the page following Question 25. Print using âcontrol p.â 5. To submit the survey, click on "Submit" on the last page. QUESTIONNAIRE DEFINITION OF FOUNDATION REUSE For the purposes of this survey, Foundation Reuse refers to any agency action that changes the design load of the existing foundation. Examples of foundation reuse include bridge superstructure replacement, bridge widening, bridge repurposing, and retrofitting for seismic or other purposes. Reuse may include using the existing foundation as-is, or it may include modifications such as the addition of piles or widening a footing. The survey inquires about each of the specific foundation reuse activities, but we welcome information regarding other activities that change the foundation design load. For the purposes of this survey, bridge deck replacement is not considered foundation reuse. CONTACT INFORMATION Contact Information will be collected for the agencyâs point of contact for the survey using the SurveyGizmo template.
84 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s SURVEY 1) Has your agency reused bridge foundations? For the purposes of this survey, Foundation Reuse refers to any agency action that changes the design load of the foundation. Examples of foundation reuse include bridge replacement, bridge widening, bridge repurposing, and retrofitting for seismic, scour, or other purposes. Bridge deck replacement is not considered foundation reuse for the purposes of this survey. o Yes o No o Iâm not sure. If âNoâ or âIâm not sureâ is selected: For some agencies, structural engineers may be more familiar with common foundation reuse applications than geotechnical engineers. Is there someone in your agency who is more familiar with agency experience regarding foundation reuse? o Yes o No If yes, the respondent will be asked to forward the survey to a colleague. If no, the respondent will be asked to proceed with the survey and respond to the best of his or her knowledge. Questions 2 through 4 will be presented to respondents who indicate in Question 1 that their agency has not reused bridge foundations, or that they are not sure. 2) Does your agency have policies or guidelines explicitly prohibiting reusing bridge foundations? o Yes o No o I donât know. If yes: Please provide a link(s) to an online version of the document(s), or upload the document(s) as an attachment below. o Link to documents (Insert text box) o Upload documents (Insert upload button) o Documents are not available for sharing
85 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s If âNoâ or âI donât knowâ: Although your agency has not reused bridge foundations, has your agency established specific policies, guidelines, and/or procedures for reusing bridge foundations (in case bridge foundations are eventually reused)? o Yes o No o I donât know. If yes: Please provide a link(s) to an online version of the document(s), or upload the document(s) as an attachment below. â« Link to documents (Insert text box) â« Upload documents (Insert upload button) â« Documents are not available for sharing 3) Has your agency ever considered reusing any existing bridge foundations? o Yes o No o I donât know. 4) Please indicate the reasons your agency has not reused bridge foundations by selecting all responses below that apply. â« Uncertainty regarding existing foundations (type of foundation, plan location, depth) â« Concerns regarding structural integrity of existing foundations â« Concerns regarding the load capacity of existing foundations â« Concerns regarding the effect of scour on existing foundations â« Concerns regarding seismic effects on existing foundations â« Concerns regarding the remaining service life of existing foundations â« Reuse of existing foundations is not considered in existing design codes â« Cheaper to build a new foundation than to retrofit an existing foundation â« Unaware reusing bridge foundations was a viable option â« Other, please specify: _____________________________
86 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s The remaining questions will be presented to respondents who indicate in Question 1 that their agency has reused bridge foundations or that they are not sure. 5) Has your agency established specific policies, guidelines, and/or procedures for reusing bridge foundations? o Yes o No o I donât know. If yes: Please provide a link(s) to an online version of the document(s), or upload the document(s) as an attachment below. â« Link to documents (Insert text box) â« Upload documents (Insert upload button) â« Documents are not available for sharing 6) What circumstances have motivated your agency to reuse bridge foundations? Please select all that apply. â« Accelerated construction â« Project schedule â« Right-of-way constraints â« Environmental/permitting considerations â« Utility conflicts â« Constructability â« Economic considerations â« Historic preservation â« Bridge repurposing (e.g. railroad bridge to bikepath) â« Emergency repair â« Other, please specify: _____________________________ 7) Has your agency reused bridge foundations on any especially noteworthy or challenging projects? o Yes o No o I donât know. If yes: Please briefly describe any noteworthy or challenging applications of foundation reuse. (Insert text box)
87 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s 8) In terms of annual average daily traffic (AADT), how heavily traveled are the bridges where your agency has reused foundations? Please select all that apply. â« AADT ⤠1,000 â« 1,000 < AADT ⤠10,000 â« 10,000 < AADT ⤠50,000 â« AADT > 50,000 â« I donât know. 9) What types of foundations has your agency reused? Please select all that apply. â« Shallow foundations â« Driven piles â« Drilled shafts â« Other, please specify: _____________________________ 10) For what types of structures has your agency reused bridge foundations? Please select all that apply. â« Bridge abutments â« Bridge piers â« Arch bridge â« Retaining walls â« Other, please specify: _____________________________ 11) Has your agency reused bridge foundations for an accelerated bridge construction (ABC) project involving prefabricated bridge elements and systems (PBES)? o Yes o No o I donât know. If yes: How many times has your agency reused bridge foundations for ABC projects involving PBES in the previous ten years (2006 - present)? o Number of times: ___________ o I donât know, and I canât provide an estimate. o I donât know, but I can provide an estimate: ï§ 1 to 5 times (once per year or less) ï§ 6 to 10 times (1 to 2 times per year) ï§ 11 to 25 times (2 to 5 times per year) ï§ 26 to 50 times (5 to 10 times per year) ï§ More than 50 times (more than 10 times per year)
88 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s 12) For what applications has your agency reused bridge foundations? Please select all that apply. For the purposes of this survey, bridge deck replacement is not considered foundation reuse. â« Bridge replacement or superstructure replacement â« Bridge widening or superstructure widening â« Bridge repurposing â« Seismic retrofit of bridge foundations â« Increase clearance (e.g. over a railway) â« Other, please specify: _____________________________ For each application selected in response to Question 12: How many times has your agency reused bridge foundations for ________ in the previous ten years (2006 - present)? o Number of times: ___________ o I donât know, and I canât provide an estimate. o I donât know, but I can provide an estimate: ï§ 1 to 5 times (once per year or less) ï§ 6 to 10 times (1 to 2 times per year) ï§ 11 to 25 times (2 to 5 times per year) ï§ 26 to 50 times (5 to 10 times per year) ï§ More than 50 times (more than 10 times per year) 13) Please describe the availability of historic records regarding existing foundations when your agency has reused bridge foundations. For the purposes of this question, historic records include âas-builtâ plans. o Historic records are always available. o Historic records are usually available. o Historic records are sometimes available. o Historic records are never available. o I donât know. 14) Please describe the information in historic records regarding existing foundations. For the purposes of this question, historic records include âas-builtâ plans. o Historic records always indicate foundation type, plan location, and dimensions. o Historic records include most information regarding foundation type, plan location, and dimensions. o Information regarding foundation type, plan location, or dimensions is frequently missing from or conflicting in historic records. o Information regarding foundation type, plan location, or dimensions is always or almost always missing from or conflicting in historic records. o I donât know.
89 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s 15) What methods has your agency used to characterize basic details and/or perform condition assessment of existing foundations being considered for reuse? Please select all that apply. Basic details include foundation type, material, location, and dimensions (including depth) but not necessarily structural integrity. â« Research and discovery of existing records â« Excavation to expose foundation â« Core drilling of foundation Pile integrity test methods: â« Sonic echo (SE)/Impulse response (IR) (aka Time Domain Reflectometery, TDR) â« Bending wave â« Ultraseismic Surface geophysical methods: â« Seismic (reflection, refraction, surface waves (SASW/MASW), tomography) â« Electrical resistivity (ER) / Induced polarization (IP) â« Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) Borehole geophysical methods: â« Parallel seismic â« Magnetic logging â« Cross-borehole tomography Other responses: â« Geophysical methods, but I donât know which ones specifically. â« Other, please specify: _____________________________ â« None of the above â« I donât know. 16) What methods has your agency used to perform condition assessment of the exposed portion of existing substructures and/or foundations being considered for reuse. Please select all that apply. â« Inspection reports â« Core drilling of foundation â« Tests of concrete chloride and/or sulfate concentrations â« Sacrificial steel and inspection â« Half-cell potential testing â« Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) â« Impact Echo (IE) â« Other, please specify: _____________________________ â« None of the above â« I donât know.
90 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s 17) In addition to the condition assessment data indicated in the previous question, what other data does your agency consider in order to predict remaining service life? Please select all that apply. â« Traffic loads â« Climate â« Groundwater table location and fluctuation â« Extreme event loadings â« Soil corrosion potential â« Subsurface drainage conditions â« Winter maintenance practices â« Other, please specify: _____________________________ â« None of the above â« I donât know. 18) Does your agency explicitly consider service life as part of the design of new foundations? o Yes o No o I donât know. If yes: Please explain how your agency considers service life in the design of new foundations. Alternatively, upload or provide links to online versions of established policies or procedures related to service life. If you have already provided the documents in response to a previous question, you do not need to provide them again. o Summary of service life evaluation: (Insert text box) o Upload policies or procedures: (Insert button) o Link to policies or procedures: (Insert text box) o I donât know. 19) Please explain how your agency has evaluated the remaining service life (RSL) of foundations being considered for reuse. Alternatively, upload or provide links to online versions of established policies or procedures for evaluating remaining service life. If you have already provided the documents in response to a previous question, you do not need to provide them again. o Summary of RSL evaluation: (Insert text box) o Upload policies or procedures: (Insert button) o Link to policies or procedures: (Insert text box) o I donât know.
91 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s 20) Will a foundation be considered for reuse if scour countermeasures are required to provide the necessary foundation capacity? o Yes o No o I donât know. 21) What methods has your agency used to predict the nominal resistance (load capacity) of existing foundations being considered for reuse? Please select all that apply. â« Identify capacity value from original bridge project documents (e.g. project plans, geotechnical report, construction records, foundation installation logs, etc.) â« Presumptive capacity based on soil type â« Static analysis methods â« Numerical methods â« Load testing â« Other, please specify: _____________________________ â« I donât know. If load testing is indicated: What types of load testing has your agency performed on existing foundations being considered for reuse? Please select all that apply. â« Conventional static load test â« High strain dynamic load test â« Force Pulse (Rapid) load test (aka âStatnamicâ test) â« Other, please specify: _____________________________ 22) Under what design guidance or standards has your agency evaluated foundations to be reused? Please select all that apply. â« AASHTO specifications from date of original foundation construction â« AASHTO specifications from date of foundation reuse â« State-specific provisions â« Other, please explain: _____________________________
92 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s 23) When foundations have been reused, has working stress design or a reliability-based design approach (e.g. LRFD) been used? o Working stress design has been used for most applications of foundation reuse. o Reliability-based design (e.g. LRFD) has been used for most applications of foundation reuse. o Working stress design and reliability-based design approaches have been used approximately equally. o I donât know. If âReliability-based designâ is selected: How has the reliability been evaluated? (Insert text box) What is the target reliability? (Insert text box) 24) What techniques and/or technologies have been used to facilitate foundation reuse? Please select all that apply. â« Enlarged footing â« Addition of driven piles â« Addition of drilled shafts â« Addition of micropiles â« Addition of tiebacks â« Replacement of backfill with lightweight fill â« Ground improvement â« Pier stem widening â« Other, please specify: _____________________________
93 Synthesis Topic 47-03: Current Practices and Guidelines for the Reuse of Bridge Foundation eriannoitseuQ yevruS s 25) Does your agency monitor the performance of new foundations? o Always o Sometimes o Never o I donât know. 26) Does your agency conduct performance monitoring after reusing bridge foundations? o Always o Sometimes o Never o I donât know. If âAlwaysâ or âSometimesâ: Please explain how performance is monitored. If you are willing to share any project data or reports, please use the upload button below. Insert text box and upload button END OF SURVEY Thank you for completing the survey. Your responses are very important, and your feedback is welcome. If you have questions or comments, please contact the principal investigator: Andrew Boeckmann, P.E. 22 Heinkel Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 573-884-7613 boeckmanna@missouri.edu
