Guide for Conducting Benefit-Cost Analyses of Multimodal, Multijurisdictional Freight Corridor Investments (2017)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

119 1. David L. Weimer. Cost–Benefit Analysis. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, second edition. Eds. Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online. Palgrave Macmillan. Accessed July 2016. http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/ article?id=pde2008_C000397. doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0328 2. R. Griffin. The Fundamental Principles of Cost-Benefit Analysis. Water Resources Research, Vol. 34, No. 8, August 1998, pp. 2063–2071. 3. S. Farrow and R. Zerbe, eds. Principles and Standards for Benefit Cost Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishers, Northampton, MA, 2013. 4. Cambridge Systematics. NCHRP Report 399: Multimodal Corridor and Capacity Analysis Manual. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1998. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_ rpt_399.pdf. 5. Aviation Specialists Group, Inc. Economic Values for FAA Investment Decision Making and Regulatory Decisions—A Guide. Contract No. DTFA 01-02-C00200, Final Report. Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Policy and Plans. 2007. https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/policy_guidance/ benefit_cost/media/ECONOMICVALUESFORFAAINVESTMENTANDREGULATORYDECISIONS 10032007.pdf. Accessed 2015. 6. D. Lee. Induced Traffic and Induced Demand. Accessed 2016. http://www.worldbank.org/transport/roads/ rpl_docs/apbinduc.pdf. 7. Federal Aviation Administration. Airport Benefit Cost Analysis Guidance. 1999. https://www.faa.gov/ regulations_policies/policy_guidance/benefit_cost/media/1999_FAA_Airport_Benefit_Cost_Analysis_ Guidance.pdf. Accessed 20114. 8. Institute of Water Resources. National Economic Development Procedures Manual, Overview. IWR Report 09-R-2. 2009. 9. U.S. Department of Transportation. Economic Analysis Primer. 2003. http://www.webpages.uidaho. edu/~mlowry/Teaching/EngineeringEconomy/Supplemental/USDOT_Economic_Analysis_Primer.pdf. Accessed 2014. 10. Maryland Department of Transportation and Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Environmental Assessment and Section 4(f) Evaluation: Phase 1 National Gateway Clearance Initiative. 2010. 11. BNSF. Corridors of Commerce: Tower 55 Overview. http://www.corridorsofcommerce.com/tower55/. Accessed 2015. 12. United Kingdom Department for Transport. Transport Analysis Guidance: WebTAG. https://www.gov.uk/ transport-analysis-guidance-webtag. Accessed January 2014. 13. European Commission. Guide to Cost Benefit Analysis of Investment Projects. 2014. http://ec.europa.eu/ regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/cba_guide.pdf. Accessed 2015. 14. Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Virginia Statewide Multimodal Freight Study, Part III, I-95. Final Report. 2010. 15. Cambridge Systematics, Inc. NCHRP Report 649 and NCFRP Report 3: Separation of Vehicles—CMV-Only Lanes.Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2010. 16. Center for Business and Economic Research. An Evaluation of Tennessee’s Rail Plan Treatment of a Trans- Tennessee Rail Routing. University of Kentucky, 2005. 17. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. New York District. Bayonne Bridge Air Draft Analysis. 2009. 18. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Economic Development Research Group, Inc., Halcrow, Inc., DecisionTek LLC, and Boston Strategies International. NCFRP Report 12: Framework and Tools for Estimating Benefits of Specific Freight Network Investments. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2011. http://www.camsys.com/pubs/ncfrp_rpt_012.pdf. Accessed August 2014. References

120 Guide for Conducting Benefit-Cost Analyses of Multimodal, Multijurisdictional Freight Corridor Investments 19. U.S. Government Accountability Office. GAO Cost Estimating and Assessment Guide: Best Practices for Devel- oping and Managing Capital Program Costs. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d093sp.pdf. Accessed 2015. 20. S. Anderson, K. Molenaar, and C. Schexnayder. NCHRP Report 574: Guidance for Cost Estimation and Man- agement for Highway Projects during Planning, Programming, and Preconstruction. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2006. Accessed 2015. 21. J. Veras, J. Wojtowicz, C. Gonzzale-Calderon, M. Lawrence, J. Skolnik, M. Brooks, S. Zhang, A. Wider, and L. Tavasszy. NCFRP Report 22: Freight Data Cost Elements. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2013. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/ncfrp/ncfrp_rpt_022. pdf. Accessed 2015. 22. Environmental Protection Agency Guide to Developing and Documenting Cost Estimates During the Feasibility Study, 2000. https://yosemite1.epa.gov/ee/epa/ria.nsf/vwAN/S200010.pdf/$file/S200010.pdf. 23. ECORYS Transport and CE DELFT. Infrastructure Expenditures and Costs: Practical Guidelines to Calculate Total Infrastructure Costs for Five Modes of Transport. Final Report, DG-TREN. European Commission, 2005. http://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/infrastructure/studies/doc/2005_11_30_guidelines_infrastructure_ report_en.pdf. Accessed 2015. 24. Federal Highway Administration. Freight Transportation: Improvements and the Economy. U.S. Department of Transportation. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/Freight/documents/improve_econ.pdf. Accessed 2015. 25. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. User and Non-User Benefit Analy- sis for Highways. Washington, DC. September 2010. https://bookstore.transportation.org/imageview. aspx?id=884&DB=3. 26. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Global Insight, H. Cohen, A. Horowitz, R. Pendyala. NCHRP Report 606: Fore- casting Statewide Freight Toolkit. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2008. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_606.pdf. Accessed 2015. 27. R. Meockel, S. Mishra, F. Ducca, and T. Wiedner. Modeling Complex Megaregion Systems: Horizontal and Vertical Integration for a Megaregion Model. International Journal of Transportation, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015. http://www.sersc.org/journals/IJT/vol3_no1/6.pdf. Accessed 2015. 28. Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Travel Impacts, User Benefits, and Accessibility, Appalachian Regional Com- mission, June 2008. http://www.arc.gov/assets/research_reports/EconomicImpactStudyofCompleting ADHSTravelImpacts.pdf. Accessed 2015. 29. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., and I-95 Corridor Coalition. Mid-Atlantic Rail Operations Phase II Study: Final Report. Rockville, MD, 2009. http://www.i95coalition.org/i95/Portals/0/Public_Files/pm/reports/ MAROps%20Phase%20II%20Final%2 0Report.pdf. Accessed 2015. 30. J. Bryan, G. Weisbrod, and C. Martland. Guidebook for Assessing Rail Freight Solutions to Roadway Conges- tion. NCHRP Project 8-42, Task 11 Product, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 2006. http:// onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/archive/NotesDocs/NCHRP08-42_Guidebook_Rev10-06.pdf. 31. A. Friedlaender and R. Spady. A Derived Demand Function for Freight Transportation. The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 62, No. 3, 1980, pp. 432–441. 32. W. Abdelwahab. Elasticities of Mode Choice Probabilities and Market Elasticities of Demand: Evidence from a Simultaneous Mode Choice/Shipment-Size Freight Transport Model. Transportation Research—Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol.34, No. 4, 1998, pp. 257–266. 33. C. Clark, H. Naughton, B. Proulx, and P. Thoma. A Survey of the Freight Transportation Demand Literature and a Comparison of Elasticity Estimates. IWR Report 05-NETS-R-0. 2005. 34. Gerard McCullough. Long-Run Diversion Effects of Changes in Truck Size and Weight (TS&W) Restrictions: An Update of the 1980 Friedlaender Spady Analysis. Working Paper, Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 2013. 35. Center for Economic Development Education and Research. Columbia Snake River System and Ore- gon Coastal Cargo Ports Marine Transportation System Study; Appendix C: Short Sea Shipping in the Columbia/Snake River System. Portland, OR, 2005. http://www.portofklickitat.com/documents/other/ PNWA%20Short%20Sea%20Shipping.pdf. Accessed 2016. 36. Puget Sound Regional Council. Planning for Freight in the Central Puget Sound Region, Travel Model Improve- ments for the Congestion Management Process and Long Range Transportation Plan Update. 2009. http://www. psrc.org/assets/3129/Final_Report_PSRC_Travel_Model_Freight.pdf?processed=true. Accessed 2015. 37. Parsons Brinckerhoff and Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Economic Evaluation of Alternative Scenarios: Final Report. Oregon Department of Transportation and Washington State Department of Transportation, 2000. 38. Texas Department of Transportation. Rail Capacity Expansion for the South Texas Region. Tiger Grant Appli- cation. 2010. http://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/rail/tiger/south_tex/grant_app.pdf. Accessed 2015. 39. Virginia Department of Transportation. Interstate 81 Corridor Improvement Study. Freight Diversion Forecast Report. Tier 1 Environmental Impact Statement. PPMS: 67587 Project No. 0081-961-111. 40. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Economic Guidance Memorandum, 05-06, Shallow Draft Vessels Operating Costs, Fiscal Year 2004. http://planning.usace.army.mil/toolbox/library/EGMs/egm05-06.pdf. Accessed 2015.

References 121 41. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Economic Guidance Memorandum 02-06, Deep Draft Vessel Operating Costs, Fiscal Year 2002. http://planning.usace.army.mil/toolbox/library/EGMs/egm02-06.pdf. Accessed 2015. 42. C. Winston and C. Shirley. The Impact of Congestion on Shippers’ Inventory Costs. 2004. http://www.fhwa.dot. gov/policy/otps/060320d/060320d.pdf. Accessed December 2015. 43. T. Owens, D. Seedah, and R. Harrison. Modeling Rail Operating Costs for Multimodal Corridor Planning. Transportation Research Record, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2374, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2013. http://trrjournalonline.trb.org/doi/ pdf/10.3141/2374-11. Accessed 2015. 44. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., and Weris, Inc. SHRP2 Project C11: Reliability Analysis Tool: Technical Documentation and User’s Guide. 2013. 45. J. Sage, K. Casavant, A. Goodchild, E. McCormack, Z. Wang, B. McMullen, and D. Holder. Development of a Freight Benefit/Cost Methodology for Project Planning. WA-RD 815.1. 2013. 46. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Dowling Associates System Metrics Group, and Texas A&M Transportation Institute. NCHRP Report 618: Cost-Effective Performance Measures for Travel Time Delay, Variation, and Reli- ability. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2008. 47. Federal Highway Administration. Addendum to the 1997 Federal Highway Cost Allocation Study: Final Report. Washington, DC, 2000. 48. U.S. Department of Transportation. TIGER Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) Resource Guide. 2014. https:// www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/TIGER%20BCA%20Resource%20Guide%202014.pdf. Accessed 2015. 49. Federal Highway Administration. HERS Model-ST. Technical Report. U.S. Department of Transportation, 2005. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/asset/hersst/pubs/tech/tech00.cfm. Accessed 2015. 50. Systra Group. RAILSIM X. http://www.systraconsulting.com/railsim-xreg.html. Accessed 2015. 51. DecisionTek. Federal Railroads General Train Movement Simulator. http://decisiontek.com/Solutions/ RailSafetyandCapacityAnalysiswithGTMS/tabid/72/Default.aspx. Accessed 2015. 52. Jeppesen. Total Airport and Airspace Modeler. http://ww1.jeppesen.com/industry-solutions/aviation/ government/total-airspace-airport-modeler.jsp. 53. Environmental Protection Agency. The Social Cost of Carbon. http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/ EPAactivities/economics/.html. Accessed 2015. 54. C. J. Kruse, A. Protopapas, and L. Olson. A Modal Comparison of Domestic Freight Transportation Effects on the General Public, 2001–2009. National Waterways Foundation, 2012. http://www.nationalwaterways foundation.org/study/FinalReportTTI.pdf. Accessed 2015. 55. U.S. Government Accountability Office. A Comparison of the Costs of Road, Rail, and Waterways Freight Shipments That Are Not Passed on to Consumers. January 2011. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11134.pdf. Accessed 2015. 56. D. Brod, G. Weisbrod, S. Jones, D. Gillen, and C. Martland. NCHRP Report 755: Comprehensive Costs of Highway Rail Grade Crossing Crashes. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2013. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_755.pdf. Accessed 2015. 57. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Factors for Locomotives. 2009. http://www3.epa.gov/ nonroad/locomotv/420f09025.pdf. Accessed 2015. 58. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile Sources. Locomotive Emission Standards Regulatory Support Document. 1998, revised. 59. Federal Highway Administration. Highway Traffic Noise in the United States: Problem and Response. 2006. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/usprbrsp.pdf. Accessed 2016. 60. S. Landau and G. Weisbrod. ACRP Synthesis 13: Effective Practices for Preparing Airport Improvement Program Benefit-Cost Analysis. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2009. 61. Committee on Technology for a Quieter America. Technology for a Quieter America. National Academy of Engineering, 2009. 62. White House. Technical Support Document: Technical Update of the Social Cost of Carbon for Regula- tory Impact Analysis—Under Executive Order 12866, 2013. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/ omb/inforeg/social_cost_of_carbon_for_ria_2013_update.pdf. Accessed 2015. 63. R. Tol. The Marginal Damage Cost of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: An Assessment of the Uncertainties. Working Paper. Centre for Marine and Climate Research, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany, 2004. 64. Z. Muller and R. Mendelsohn. Measuring the Damages of Air Pollution in the United States. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 54, 2007. 65. M. Futch. Examining the Spatial Distribution of Externalities: Freight Rail Traffic and Home Values in Los Angeles Robert, University of California, San Diego, 2011. http://www.coaltrainfacts.org/docs/Freight-Rail- Traffic-and-Home-Values-in-LA.pdf. Accessed 2016. 66. G. Lee, Y. Soyoung (Iris), M. Sangkapichai, S. Ritchie, J. D. Saphores, O. Ogunseitan, R. Ayala, R. Jayakrishnan, and R. Torres. Health Impacts of Moving Freight in and out of the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles. UCTC Policy Brief. 2010.

122 Guide for Conducting Benefit-Cost Analyses of Multimodal, Multijurisdictional Freight Corridor Investments 67. M. Harris, and Hanson, Inc. CREATE Railroad Noise Model User Guide. 2006. 68. J. Berechman. The Evaluation of Transportation Projects. Routledge Advances in Management and Business Studies, 2009. http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781135214081_sample_518419.pdf. 69. HLB Decision Economics/HDR. Freight Benefit/Cost Study: Highway Freight Logistics Reorganization Benefits Estimation Tool Report and Documentation. Federal Highway Administration. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/ freight_analysis/econ_methods/bca_logistics/index.htm. Accessed 2014. 70. G. Weisbrod, N. Stein, C. Williges, P. Mackie, J. Laird, D. Johnson, D. Simmonds, E. Ogard, D. Gillen, and R. Vickerman. NCHRP Report 786: Assessing Productivity Impacts of Transportation Investments, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2014. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/ onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_786.pdf. Accessed 2015. 71. D. Jacoby and D. Hodge. Underinvestment in Transportation Infrastructure: The Huge Benefits of Invisible Supply Chain Effects. Presented at CODATU XIII Conference, 2008. 72. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., EDR Group, and Boston Logistics Group. Guide to Quantifying the Economic Impacts of Federal Investments in Large-Scale Freight Transportation Projects. Final Report. U.S. Department of Transportation, 2006. 73. White House Office of Management and Budget. Guidelines and Discount Rates for Benefit Cost Analysis of Federal Programs. Circular A-94. https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars_a094/. Accessed 2015. 74. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Federal Discount Rates. 2015. http://planning.usace.army.mil/toolbox/ library/EGMs/EGM15-01.pdf. Accessed 2016. 75. R. Grimaldi and P. Beria. Open Issues in the Practice of Cost Benefit Analysis of Transport Projects. Politechnico di Milano. 2013. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53766/1/MPRA_paper_53766.pdf. Accessed 2016. 76. Zerbe, Richard O., Jr. and Howard McCurdy 1999. “The Failure of Market Failure” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 18 (4) pp. 558–578. 77. White House Office of Management and Budget. Cost Principles for Educational Institutions. Circular A-21. https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars_a021_2004/. Accessed 2016. 78. K. Krutilla. Using the Kaldor Hicks Tableau Format for Cost-Benefit Analysis and Policy Evaluation. 2005. https://resources.oncourse.iu.edu/access/content/group/d682fa12-0f5a-4abf-ac31-0430d80be030/ Module%202/module2_reading2_krutilla.pdf. Accessed, 2015. 79. G. Jenkins, C. Kuo, and A. Harberger. Chapter 5, Cost-Benefit Analysis for Investment Decisions. Cost- Benefit Analysis for Investment Decisions: Scale, Timing, Length and Inter-dependencies in Project Selection. Development Discussion Paper. 2011. https://agrilinks.org/sites/default/files/resource/files/cost-benefit_ analysis_for_investment_decisions.pdf. Accessed 2015. 80. B. Flyvbjerg. Procedures for Dealing with Optimism Bias in Transport Planning. British Department for Transport. June 2004. http://flyvbjerg.plan.aau.dk/0406DfT-UK%20OptBiasASPUBL.pdf. Accessed 2015.