Guide for Identifying, Classifying, Evaluating, and Mitigating Truck Freight Bottlenecks (2017)

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114 This section includes definitions and acronyms used throughout this guidebook. A more complete list of freight-related acronyms can be found in the National Cooperative Freight Research Program Report 47, Freight Transportation Data Architecture: Data Element Dictionary. Definitions Average Annual Daily Truck Traffic (AADTT) – The total volume of truck traffic on a high- way segment for one year, divided by the number of days in the year. Bottleneck – A section of a highway or rail network that experiences operational problems such as congestion. Bottlenecks may result from factors such as reduced roadway width or steep freeway grades that can slow trucks. Conflate – The process of combining geographic information from overlapping sources so as to retain accurate data, minimize redundancy, and reconcile data conflicts. Distribution Center (DC) – The warehouse facility which holds inventory from manufactur- ing pending distribution to the appropriate stores. Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) – The combined total weight of a vehicle and its freight. Hazardous Material – A substance or material which the Department of Transportation has determined to be capable of posing a risk to health, safety, and property when stored or trans- ported in commerce. Hours of Service – Ruling that stipulates the amount of time a driver is allotted to work. Hub – A common connection point for devices in a network. Referenced for a transportation network as in “hub and spoke” which is common in the airline and trucking industry. Intermodal terminal – A location where segments between different transportation modes and networks connect. Using more than one mode of transportation in moving persons and goods. For example, a shipment moved over 1000 miles could travel by truck for one portion of the trip, and then transfer to rail at a designated terminal. Level of Service (LOS) – A qualitative assessment of a road’s operating conditions. For local government comprehensive planning purposes, level of service means an indicator of the extent or degree of service provided by, or proposed to be provided by, a facility based on and related to the operational characteristics of the facility. Level of service indicates the capacity per unit of demand for each public facility. Line Haul – The movement of freight over the road/rail from origin terminal to destina- tion terminal, usually over long distances. Definitions and Acronyms

Definitions and Acronyms 115 Node – A fixed point in a firm’s logistics system where goods come to rest; includes plants, warehouses, supply sources, and markets. Port Authority – State or local government that owns, operates, or otherwise provides wharf, dock, and other terminal investments at ports. Radio Frequency (RFID) – A form of wireless communication that lets users relay informa- tion via electronic energy waves from a terminal to a base station, which is linked in turn to a host computer. The terminals can be placed at a fixed station, mounted on a forklift truck, or carried in the worker’s hand. The base station contains a transmitter and receiver for communication with the terminals. When combined with a bar-code system for identifying inventory items, a radio-frequency system can relay data instantly, thus updating inventory records in so-called “real time.” Reliability – Refers to the degree of certainty and predictability in travel times on the trans- portation system. Reliable transportation systems offer some assurance of attaining a given des- tination within a reasonable range of an expected time. An unreliable transportation system is subject to unexpected delays, increasing costs for system users. Shipper – Party that tenders goods for transportation. Ton-mile – A measure of output for freight transportation; reflects weight of shipment and the distance it is hauled; a multiplication of tons hauled by the distance traveled. Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT) – A unit to measure vehicle travel made by a private vehicle, such as an automobile, van, pickup truck, or motorcycle. Warehouse – Storage place for products. Principal warehouse activities include receipt of product, storage, shipment and order picking. Acronyms AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic AADTT Average Annual Daily Truck Traffic AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ALPR Automatic License Plate Readers ATA American Trucking Association ATM Active Traffic Management ATRI American Transportation Research Institute CATT Center for Advanced Transportation Technology CBT Congestion-Based Tolls CMP Congestion Management Process CMV Commercial Motor Vehicle CPM Congestion Management Program CSI Commuter Stress Index CVO Commercial Vehicle Operations DC Distribution Center DVRPC Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission FAF Freight Analysis Framework FGTS Freight and Goods Transportation System FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FPM Freight Performance Measures FRATIS Freight Advanced Traveler Information System

116 Guide for Identifying, Classifying, Evaluating, and Mitigating Truck Freight Bottlenecks GeoData Geographical Data GIS Geographic Information Systems GPS Global Positioning System GVW Gross Vehicle Weight HPMS Highway Performance Monitoring System HRTPO Hampton Roads Transportation Planning Organization ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers ITS Intelligent Transportation System LBR Localized Bottleneck Reduction (FHWA program) LOS Level of Service MPG Miles per Gallon mph Miles per Hour MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization MUTCD Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices NHS National Highway System NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPMRDS National Performance Management Research Data Set O/D Origins and Destinations ODOT Oregon Department of Transportation OS/OW Oversize/Overweight PMS Pavement Management System POE Port of Entry POS Point of Sale PTI Planning Time Index PTI80 Planning Time Index 80th RFID Radio Frequency Identification RITIS Regional Integrated Transportation Information System RWIS Road Weather Information System SCAG Southern California Council of Governments SHA State Highway Administration SHRP 2 Strategic Highway Research Program, Phase 2 SPD Speed TDM Travel Demand Management TEU Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit, a standard size intermodal container TMC Traffic Message Channel TMT Truck Miles Traveled TSM&O Transportation System Management and Operations TT Travel Time TTI Travel Time Index or Texas A&M Transportation Institute TxDOT Texas Department of Transportation UFC Uniform Freight Classification V/C Volume-to-Capacity Ratio VCTIR Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research VDOT Virginia Department of Transportation VMT Vehicle Miles of Travel WB40 Wheel Base 40 WITS Washington Incident Tracking System WSDOT Washington State Department of Transportation