Appendix C
Acronyms and Abbreviations
| AHRQ |
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
| AI |
Adequate Intake |
| AICR |
American Institute for Cancer Research |
| AMDR |
Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Range |
| AMSTAR |
A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews |
| AR |
Army Regulation |
| ARI |
Acceptable Range of Intakes |
| BMC |
bone mineral content |
| BMD |
bone mineral density |
| BMI |
body mass index |
| BOND |
Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development |
| CCHS |
Canadian Community Health Survey |
| CD |
chronic disease |
| CDC |
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CDER |
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research |
| CHD |
coronary heart disease |
| CI |
confidence interval |
| CLA |
conjugated linoleic acid |
| CVD |
cardiovascular disease |
| DALY |
disability-adjusted life year |
| DFE |
dietary folate equivalent |
| DGA |
Dietary Guidelines for Americans |
| DGAC |
Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee |
| DHA |
docosahexaenoic acid |
| DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DRI |
Dietary Reference Intake |
| DV |
daily value |
| EAR |
Estimated Average Requirement |
| EER |
Estimated Energy Requirement |
| EPA |
eicosapentaenoic acid |
| EPC |
Evidence-based Practice Center |
| FDA |
U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| FFQ |
food frequency questionnaire |
| FNB |
Food and Nutrition Board |
| GRADE |
Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation |
| HHS |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
| HR |
hazard ratio |
| ICD |
International Classification of Diseases |
| IHD |
ischemic heart disease |
| IOM |
Institute of Medicine |
| LDL |
low-density lipoprotein |
| LOAEL |
Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level |
| MDRI |
Military Dietary Reference Intake |
| MREs |
Meals Ready-to-Eat |
| MUFA |
monounsaturated fatty acid |
| NCD |
noncommunicable disease |
| NEL |
Nutrition Evidence Library |
| NEL BAT |
Nutrition Evidence Library Bias Assessment Tool |
| NHANES |
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| NICE |
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence |
| NIH |
National Institutes of Health |
| NLEA |
Nutrition Labeling and Education Act |
| NOAEL |
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level |
| NOFS |
nutrient or other food substance |
| NOS |
Newcastle-Ottawa Scale |
| NTD |
neural tube defect |
| NTP |
National Toxicology Program |
| OHAT |
Office of Health Assessment and Translation |
| OR |
odds ratio |
| OIS |
optimal information size |
| PAH |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
| PICO |
population, intervention, comparator, and outcome |
| PICOTS |
population, intervention, comparators, outcomes, timing, and setting |
| PREDIMED |
Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea |
| PRISMA |
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis |
| PRISMA-P |
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols |
| PROSPERO |
prospective register of systematic reviews |
| PSA |
prostate-specific antigen |
| PUFA |
polyunsaturated fatty acid |
| R-AMSTAR |
Revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews |
| RBC |
red blood cell |
| RBDI |
Range of Beneficial Decreased Intakes |
| RBII |
Range of Beneficial Increased Intakes |
| RCT |
randomized controlled trial |
| RDA |
Recommended Dietary Allowance |
| RDIB |
Range where Decreased Intake is Beneficial |
| RIIB |
Range where Increased Intake is Beneficial |
| RNI |
Recommended Nutrient Intake |
| ROBINS-I |
Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions |
| ROBIS |
Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews Tool |
| RR |
relative risk |
| RRR |
relative risk reduction |
| SCD |
sudden cardiac death |
| SEER |
surveillance, epidemiology, and end results |
| SFA |
saturated fatty acid |
| SR |
systematic review |
| TEP |
technical expert panel |
| TFA |
trans fatty acid |
| UF |
uncertainty factor |
| UL |
Tolerable Upper Intake Level |
| USDA |
U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| USPSTF |
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force |
| UV |
ultraviolet |
| WCRF |
World Cancer Research Fund |
| WHO |
World Health Organization |
