Page 619 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

C

Targeted Observables Table

Table C.1 provides a summary of all Targeted Observables considered by the committee. This list of observables resulted from a review of the Program of Record (POR; Appendix A) to determine which observations needed to support priority science and applications objectives (Appendix B) could not be met by the existing/planned observational system. These entries are thus candidates for new flight opportunities during the ESAS 2017 decade. A summary version of this table, with priority Targeted Observables allocated to flight program elements, is provided in Table 3.3.

As with the Science and Applications Traceability Matrix (SATM; Appendix B), columns related to science and applications questions or objectives are shaded in blue, and columns related to observations are shaded in green.

Columns in the Targeted Observables table consist of the following:

Targeted Observable. A number designation and name for the Targeted Observable.
Science and Applications Summary. High-level description of the science and applications to be addressed by the Targeted Observable.
Science and Applications Priorities. Cross-referenced matrices of the science and applications objectives linked to the Targeted Observable. Color-coding indicates whether objectives are ranked as Most Important (MI), Very Important (VI), or Important (I). Note that objectives here may or may not be fully addressed by the Targeted Observable, depending on implementation details and the availability of additional supporting measurements required by any given objective. Each panel is represented by a letter: Hydrology, Weather and Air Quality, Eosytems, Climate, and Solid Earth.
Related ESAS 2007 and POR. References to related missions recommended in the ESAS 2007 report and missions or instruments in the Program of Record.
Identified Need/Gap. A short description of the identified need or gap in the Program of Record that was considered as a candidate priority for new flight opportunities in the ESAS 2017 decade.
Candidate Measurement Approach. One or more potential measurement approaches to address the identified need or gap in the Program of Record.
ESAS 2017 Disposition. Summary of any actions or recommendations related to the Targeted Observable. As described in Chapter 3, due to resource constraints, not all Targeted Observables were allocated to identified flight opportunities. Observing system priorities are summarized in Table 3.3.

Page 620 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

TABLE C.1 Targeted Observables

Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary	Science/Applications Priorities by Panel^a
Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary		MI	VI	I
TO-1 Aerosol and Cloud Radiative Properties	Aerosol/particulate matter optical depth, particle size, speciation Cloud optical depth and cloud hydrometeor size for top 1-2 optical depths	H	1c
		W	1a, 2a, 5a		6a, 9a, 10a
		E
		C	2h	2g, 5a, 5c, 7a	3d, 4d, 5b, 5d, 7b, 9a
		S	1a
TO-2 Aerosol Vertical Profiles	Aerosol extinction profiles Column integrated cloud properties	H			2b
		W	1a, 2a, 5a		6a, 9a
		E
		C	2a, 2h	2g, 5a, 5c	5b, 5d, 7b, 8g, 9a
		S	1a
TO-3 Aquatic-Coastal Biogeochemistry	Distribution, composition, and functioning of aquatic ecosystems and their biogeochemical impacts Chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon and primary production Phytoplankton biomass and composition	H			3a, 3b
		W
		E	1c, 3a	1a	2b, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b
		C	2d		3c, 4d, 5b, 7b
		S
TO-4 Atmospheric Winds	3D wind, in troposphere/PBL Cloud dynamics Convection	H		2a, 4a	4b
		W	1a, 2a, 4a		9a, 10a
		E
		C		4a, 5a, 7a, 7c	3f, 4b, 5b, 7b, 7d, 7e, 8i
		S

Page 621 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Related ESAS 2007 and POR	Identified Need/Gap	Candidate Measurement Approach	ESAS 2017 Disposition
*ESAS 2007:* ACE *POR:* MISR/Terra, MODIS/Terra, MODIS/Aqua, MAIA, VIIRS, MSI/EarthCARE, 3MI/MetOp-SG	POR has no multi-angle polarimeter post-MAIA, and reduced spatial coverage post-MISR	Similar to: MISR, MODIS, MAIA Multichannel/multiangle/polarization imaging radiometer Moderate spatial resolution	DESIGNATED PROGRAM ELEMENT Joint implementation with TO-2, maximum development cost $800 million
*ESAS 2007:* ACE *POR:* ATLID/EarthCARE, CALIOP/CALIPSO	POR has no backscatter lidar post-EarthCARE	Similar to: CALIOP/CALIPSO, ATLID/EarthCARE Lidar extinction profiles from backscatter or high spectral resolution lidar Horizontal resolution ~100 m-1 km; vertical resolution similar or better than CALIPSO	DESIGNATED PROGRAM ELEMENT Joint implementation with TO-1, maximum development cost $800 million
*ESAS 2007:* ACE, GEO-CAPE *POR:* MODIS/Aqua, MODIS/Terra, PACE, VIIRS	POR does not provide high temporal resolution	Similar to: GEO-CAPE Imaging radiometer Hyperspectral with spatial resolution 1 km and 1-2 day revisit for open ocean Multispectral regional imaging with <200 m spatial resolution and <1 day revisit for coastal and inland waters	UNALLOCATED Consider any related submissions to Venture solicitations, R&A efforts
*ESAS 2007:* 3D-Winds *POR:* Aladin/Aeolus, QuikSCAT, CYGNSS, AMVs from GOES, METEOSAT, MTSAT, MetOp, VIIRS, MODIS	POR lacks 3D horizontal vector winds in the PBL/lower troposphere	Similar to: Aladin/Aeolus Lidar, radar, scatterometer, or passive radiometry-based feature tracking methods for the PBL and troposphere Sampling with 3-20 km horizontal, 0.2-1 km vertical, 1-3 h temporal resolution and 1 m/s horizontal, 0.5-1 m/s vertical accuracy	INCUBATION PROGRAM ELEMENT Also eligible for competition in Earth System Explorer program element

Page 622 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary	Science/Applications Priorities by Panel^a
Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary		MI	VI	I
TO-5 Clouds, Convection, and Precipitation	Cloud coverage and optical properties Solid and liquid precipitation rate Liquid and ice water path Convection and cloud dynamics Diurnal cycle of clouds and precipitation	H	1a, 1b, 1c		3b, 4b
		W	1a, 2a, 4a	3a	9a, 10a
		E	3a
		C	2a, 2h	2g	3f, 5d, 7e, 8h
		S		1c	4b
TO-6 Greenhouse Gases	Global/regional CO₂ land fluxes and their trends Global/regional methane emissions and their trends Quantification of point sources	H
		W			8a
		E	2a, 3a		4a, 5a, 5b, 5c
		C	2d	3a, 4a	3b, 3c, 3e, 3g, 4d, 7b
		S
TO-7 Ice Elevation	Land ice: surface elevation change (for determining ice sheet and glacier mass balance) Sea ice: freeboard height (for determining sea-ice thickness and its changes over time)	H			4b
		W		3a
		E
		C	1c	8a, 8b, 8c	8h
		S	3a
TO-8 Magnetic Field	Magnetic field changes	H
		W
		E
		C
		S		5a	5b

Page 623 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Related ESAS 2007 and POR	Identified Need/Gap	Candidate Measurement Approach	ESAS 2017 Disposition
*ESAS 2007:* ACE *POR:* CPR/EarthCARE, GPM, CloudSat, MODIS, VIIRS, SSMI, TROPICS	POR does not address diurnal cycle and does not cover precipitation after EarthCARE, GPM and SSMI, or snowfall, convection, and cloud dynamics after EarthCARE	Similar to: CloudSat, CPR/EarthCARE Dual-frequency radar and multifrequency microwave radiometer Sampling with ~1-4 km horizontal and ~250 m vertical resolution and ~0.2 mm/hr precipitation (rain) accuracy Doppler for dynamics/convection (~1 m/s) Spatial resolution ~4-10 km for global precipitation and snowfall; ~1mm/hr snowfall accuracy	DESIGNATED PROGRAM ELEMENT Maximum development cost $800 million; considerable synergistic value in TO-5 being coordinated in time with TO-1 and TO-2
*ESAS 2007:* GEO-CAPE, ASCENDS *POR:* OCO-2, OCO-3, GeoCARB, TEMPO, FLEX	POR does not include global coverage after OCO-2 and lacks information on vertical distribution	Similar to: OCO-2, OCO-3, GeoCARB, TEMPO SWIR and TIR sounders to measure CO₂, CH₄, and CO Precision of 0.5-1 ppm CO₂, 10-20 ppb CH₄, and 10-30 ppb CO with spatial resolution to support point source detection	EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER PROGRAM ELEMENT Recommended for competition
*ESAS 2007:* ICESat-2 *POR:* ICESat-2, ESA/CryoSat-2 (2010-present)	POR does not include coverage post-ICESat-2 unless CryoSat-3 is approved	Similar to: ICESat-2, ESA/CryoSat-2 Laser or radar altimeter Spatial sampling 5 km (0.25 km near ice-sheet margins) with ~0.1 m vertical accuracy	EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER PROGRAM ELEMENT Recommended for competition as part of multifunction lidar; if CryoSat-3 not approved then highest priority function for multi-function lidar
*ESAS 2007:* none *POR:* ESA/Swarm	POR does not include coverage after Swarm	Similar to: SWARM Global magnetic field measurements Precision of 0.1 nT and 1 nT absolute accuracy	UNALLOCATED Consider any related submissions to Venture solicitations, R&A efforts

Page 624 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary	Science/Applications Priorities by Panel^a
Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary		MI	VI	I
TO-9 Mass Change	Groundwater and water storage mass change Land-ice mass change Ocean mass change Glacial isostatic adjustment Earthquake mass movement	H	1a, 2c		3b, 4c
		W
		E
		C	1a, 1b, 1c	1d	7d, 7e
		S	1b, 3a, 4a	5a	6b
TO-10 Ocean Ecosystem Structure	Stocks of planktonic biomass Primary productivity estimates Mixed layer depth Changes in particle biomass, particle size, spectral light attenuation differences	H
		W		3a
		E	1b, 3a		3b, 4b, 5a, 5b
		C	2d	8d	3d
		S
TO-11 Ocean Surface Winds and Currents	Ocean vector wind and wind-stress curl Surface currents Sea-ice drift and sea-ice extent Ocean/atmosphere momentum exchange	H			4b
		W	1a, 2a	3a
		E
		C		4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8d	3d, 4b, 7b, 7d, 7e, 8i
		S
TO-12 Ozone and Trace Gases	Vertical profiles of ozone, water vapor, CO, NO₂, methane, and N₂O Long-term trends in ozone layer Factors controlling ozone in UT/LS Mechanisms of stratosphere-troposphere exchange	H
		W	2a, 4a, 5a		6a, 7a, 8a
		E
		C		2g	3f, 3g, 6c, 9a
		S

Page 625 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Related ESAS 2007 and POR	Identified Need/Gap	Candidate Measurement Approach	ESAS 2017 Disposition
*ESAS 2007:* GRACE-II *POR:* GRACE, GRACE-FO	POR does not include coverage after GRACE-FO	Similar to: GRACE Measurement of gravity anomaly with spatial resolution of 200 km at the equator (goal of 50 km or less)	DESIGNATED PROGRAM ELEMENT Maximum development cost $300 million; ensure continuity after GRACE-FO
*ESAS 2007:* ACE, DESDynI *POR:* CALIOP/CALIPSO, ATLID/EarthCARE	POR does not include coverage after EarthCARE	Similar to: CALIOP/CALIPSO, HSRL-2 airborne instrument Multifrequency imaging lidar Global sampling with 1 km footprint and 2 m vertical resolution to 3 optical depths Priority coverage of sub-polar and polar oceans in spring and fall	UNALLOCATED Consider opportunistic use of data from recommended Aerosols TO-2 to address TO-10; consider any related submissions to Venture solicitations, R&A efforts
*ESAS 2007:* XOVWM *POR:* Metop/ASCAT, SCATSAT, QuikSCAT, METOP-A, METOP-B, CFOSAT	POR does not support measurement of ocean surface currents in conjunction with wind	Similar to: QuikSCAT, RapidScat with additional capabilities to measure ocean currents Radar scatterometer and Doppler surface currents Ocean surface wind accuracy of ~1 m/s or ~0.02 N/m2 at 100 km spatial resolution and 1-2 day temporal resolution Ocean surface currents with accuracy of ~0.5 m/s at 5 km resolution or ~2 cm/s at 100 km resolution and 1-2 day temporal resolution	EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER PROGRAM ELEMENT Recommended for competition
*ESAS 2007:* GACM *POR:* MLS/Aura, HIRDLS, SAGE-III, ACE-FTS, GOMOS, OMPS/NPP, OMPS/JPSS	POR does not include vertical profiling for species other than ozone and aerosol	Similar to: MLS, HIRDLS, SAGE, ACE-FTS UV/VIS/IR microwave limb sounding and UV/VIS/IR solar/stellar occultation measurements of ozone, water vapor, CO, NO₂, methane, N₂O Sub-km vertical resolution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere	EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER PROGRAM ELEMENT Recommended for competition

Page 626 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary	Science/Applications Priorities by Panel^a
Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary		MI	VI	I
TO-13 Planetary Boundary Layer	Temperature Water vapor PBL height	H		2a
		W	1a, 2a	3a	10a
		E
		C		2b, 4a, 7a, 7c	7b, 7d, 7e
		S
TO-14 Radiance Inter-calibration	Climate sensitivity Inter-calibration of in-flight radiometers	H
		W
		E
		C	2a, 2h	2b, 2c, 5c, 7c	2e, 5d, 7b
		S
TO-15 Salinity	Sea surface salinity	H			3a
		W		3a
		E			2b
		C		6a, 7a	3d, 7d, 7e
		S	3a
TO-16 Snow Depth and Snow Water Equivalent	Snow depth at high spatial resolution in mountain areas Snow water equivalent (SWE)	H	1a, 1c	4a	2b
		W		3a
		E
		C		8c	8f
		S	4a		4b, 4c
TO-17 Soil Moisture	Soil, root zone moisture Freeze/thaw, active layer monitoring Evapotranspiration Gross primary production (GPP)	H	1a, 2c	2a	4b, 4c, 4d
		W	2a	3a
		E			1d, 2c
		C		3a, 5a, 6a, 7a	3c, 5b, 7b, 7e, 8f
		S		1c	4b, 6b

Page 627 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Related ESAS 2007 and POR	Identified Need/Gap	Candidate Measurement Approach	ESAS 2017 Disposition
*ESAS 2007:* PATH *POR:* AMSU/Aqua, AIRS/Aqua, CrIS/JPSS, ISAI/MetOp, AMSU/MetOp, COSMIC, MHS/MetOp, CALIPSO, GOES-R, AMSR	POR lacks sufficient horizontal and temporal resolution	Similar to: AIRS, AMSU, COSMIC Microwave and hyperspectral IR sounders; lidar for PBL height Sampling with 3-20 km horizontal, 0.2-1 km vertical, 1-4 hr temporal resolution	INCUBATION PROGRAM ELEMENT Consider opportunistic use of data from recommended TO-1/2 investment for PBL height
*ESAS 2007:* CLARREO *POR:* CLARREO-PF	POR does not include an intercalibration reference for thermal IR	Similar to: CLARREO-PF Reflected solar and thermal IR narrow-swath spectrometers High spectral resolution (0.5-cm in IR, 4 nm in solar) and radiometric accuracy (0.03 K, 1 sigma in IR; 0.15%, 1 sigma in solar)	UNALLOCATED Consider any related submissions to Venture solicitations
*ESAS 2007:* SMAP *POR:* Aquarius, SMAP, SMOS	POR does not include coverage after SMAP and SMOS	Similar to: Aquarius, SMAP, SMOS Multifrequency radar Spatial and temporal resolution similar to microwave sea-surface temperature (i.e., 25 km spatial resolution with 3-day temporal resolution) Accuracy of ~0.15 practical salinity units (psu) on monthly time scales and 1-degree spatial scales, or 0.1 psu on 10-degree spatial scales	UNALLOCATED Consider any related submissions to Venture solicitations, R&A efforts, technology development initiatives to reduce cost and improve performance
*ESAS 2007:* SWOT, LIST *POR:* GEDI, Jason-2/3, SWOT, Sentinel-6A/B	POR does not provide sufficient spatial resolution and coverage needed to quantify snow processes and storage in mountainous terrain	Similar to: SWOT Radar (Ka/Ku-band) altimeter or lidar Spatial resolution of 50 m with snow depth accuracy of 2-20 cm	EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER PROGRAM ELEMENT Recommended for competition
ESAS 2007: SMAP POR: SMAP, SMOS	POR does not include coverage after SMAP and SMOS	Similar to: SMAP, SMOS Radar and microwave radiometer Spatial resolution of 100 m to 1 km (radar) and 20-60 km (radiometer) with a combined active passive product at 1-10 km resolution	UNALLOCATED Consider any related submissions to Venture solicitations, R&A efforts, technology development initiatives to reduce cost and improve performance

Page 628 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary	Science/Applications Priorities by Panel^a
Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary		MI	VI	I
TO-18 Surface Biology and Geology	Surface geology and biology Active geologic processes Ground and water temperature GPP Snow spectral albedo Functional traits of terrestrial vegetation and inland and near-coastal aquatic ecosystems	H	1c	2a, 4a	2b, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4c, 4d
		W		3a
		E	1c, 2a, 3a	1a	1d, 5a, 5b, 5c
		C		3a	3c, 3d, 6b, 7e, 8f
		S	1a	1c, 2b	4b, 4c, 7a
TO-19 Surface Deformation and Change	Surface change monitoring Ice-sheet dynamics Antarctic grounding line Permafrost thaw subsidence	H	1c, 2c	4a	4b
		W
		E
		C	1c		7b, 8f
		S	1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, 4a	1c, 2b, 2c, 5a, 6a	4b, 6b, 6c, 6d, 7a
TO-20 Surface Topography and Vegetation	Bare surface land topography Ice topography Vegetation structure Shallow water bathymetry	H	2c		2b, 3c, 4b, 4d
		W		3a
		E	1b		1e
		C	1c		8f
		S	1a, 1b, 3a, 3b, 4a	1c, 2b, 2c	1d, 4b, 4c, 6b, 7a
TO-21 Surface Water Height	Horizontal structure of ocean surface height Two-dimensional geostrophic velocities Bathymetry/gravity Significant wave height Tsunami height Inland waters/ecosystems Tides and dissipation of tidal energy Sea-ice thickness River flow and terrestrial water storage River height variations for transport of material from land to ocean	H	1c
		W		3a
		E
		C	1a, 1b	1d, 4a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 8b, 8c	4b, 8g, 8i
		S	3a		1d

Page 629 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Related ESAS 2007 and POR	Identified Need/Gap	Candidate Measurement Approach	ESAS 2017 Disposition
*ESAS 2007:* HyspIRI *POR:* ASTER/Terra, MODIS, Landsat, AIRS, PACE, Hyperion, ECOSTRESS	POR does not include hyperspectral imagery in the visible or shortwave infrared	Similar to: HyspIRI, combination of ASTER, MODIS, Landsat, AIRS; airborne instrument AVIRIS-NG Hyperspectral imagery in the visible and shortwave infrared and multi- or hyperspectral imagery in the thermal infrared Spatial resolution of 30-60 m (VIS-SWIR) and 60 m (TIR) with 14-19 day (SWIR) and 5 day (TIR) temporal resolution	DESIGNATED PROGRAM ELEMENT Maximum development cost $650 million
ESAS 2007: DESDynI POR: NISAR, TanDEM-X	POR does not include coverage after NISAR	Similar to: NISAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) with ionospheric correction Spatial coverage similar to NISAR with higher spatial resolution and shorter repeat cycle (subweekly to daily)	DESIGNATED PROGRAM ELEMENT Maximum development cost $500 million; provide continuity after NISAR
ESAS 2007: LIST, DESDynI POR: GEDI, ICESat-2	POR does not provide global sampling with sufficient density	Similar to: SRTM and airborne topography lidar Radar or lidar Global sampling at 1-5 m resolution and 0.1 m vertical resolution with seasonal repeat	INCUBATION PROGRAM ELEMENT Consider investment in suborbital approaches to meet needs on a regional basis
*ESAS 2007:* SWOT *POR:* SWOT	POR does not include swath altimeter after SWOT	Similar to: SWOT Swath SAR altimetry Spatial resolution of ~15 km with ~± 2 cm accuracy and submonthly temporal resolution for oceans Spatial resolution of ~100 m with anomalies in river flow and elevation accurate to ± 20% and weekly temporal resolution for inland waters	UNALLOCATED Consider any related submissions to Venture solicitations, R&A efforts

Page 630 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary	Science/Applications Priorities by Panel^a
Targeted Observable	Science and Applications Summary		MI	VI	I
TO-22 Terrestrial Ecosystem Structure	Forest 3D canopy height/structure and aboveground biomass Changes in aboveground carbon stock from processes such as deforestation and forest degradation	H			3c
		W
		E	1b, 3a		1e, 4a, 5a, 5b, 5c
		C	2d		3c, 8f
		S			4c

^a References to panels are abbreviated as follows: Global Hydrological Cycles and Water Resources = “Hydrology” or “H”; Weather and Air Quality: Minutes to Subseasonal = “Weather” or “W”; Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems and Natural Resource Management = “Ecosystems” or “E”; Climate Variability and Change: Seasonal to Centennial = “Climate” or “C”; and Earth Surface and Interior: Dynamics and Hazards = “Solid Earth” or “S.”

Page 631 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Targeted Observables Table." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24938.

×

Related ESAS 2007 and POR	Identified Need/Gap	Candidate Measurement Approach	ESAS 2017 Disposition
*ESAS 2007:* ACE, DESDynI *POR:* GEDI	POR does not include coverage after GEDI	Similar to: GEDI, HSRL-2 airborne instrument Imaging lidar Global sampling with 10-25 m footprint at 0.25 m vertical resolution	EARTH SYSTEM EXPLORER PROGRAM ELEMENT Recommended for competition as part of a multifunction lidar

Related ESAS 2007 and POR

Identified Need/Gap

Candidate Measurement Approach

ESAS 2017 Disposition

ESAS 2007: ACE, DESDynI

POR: GEDI

POR does not include coverage after GEDI

Similar to: GEDI, HSRL-2 airborne instrument