National Academies Press: OpenBook

Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports (2018)

Chapter: Chapter 7 - CMMS Implementation and Compliance with ISO 55001

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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 7 - CMMS Implementation and Compliance with ISO 55001." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25053.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 7 - CMMS Implementation and Compliance with ISO 55001." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25053.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 7 - CMMS Implementation and Compliance with ISO 55001." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25053.
×
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Page 81
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 7 - CMMS Implementation and Compliance with ISO 55001." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25053.
×
Page 81
Page 82
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 7 - CMMS Implementation and Compliance with ISO 55001." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25053.
×
Page 82
Page 83
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 7 - CMMS Implementation and Compliance with ISO 55001." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25053.
×
Page 83
Page 84
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 7 - CMMS Implementation and Compliance with ISO 55001." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25053.
×
Page 84
Page 85
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 7 - CMMS Implementation and Compliance with ISO 55001." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25053.
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Page 85

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

78 ACY Atlantic City International Airport AMMS Airport Maintenance Management System AMP Asset Management Plan AMS Asset Management System API Airport Performance Indicator APTS Airport Planning and Technical Services BI Business Intelligence BIM Building Information Modeling CM Corrective Maintenance CMMS Computerized Maintenance Management System COO Chief Operations Officer EAM Enterprise Asset Management EWR Newark Liberty International Airport FMEA Failure Modes Effects Analysis GA General Aviation GCDWR Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources GIS Geographic Information System GTAA Greater Toronto Airports Authority HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning ID Identification ISO International Organization for Standardization IT Information Technology JFK John F. Kennedy International Airport KPI Key Performance Indicator LCC Life Cycle Costing LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LGA LaGuardia Airport LOS Level(s) of Service MGD Million Gallons per Day MKE General Mitchell International Airport MMIS Maintenance Management Information System MORE Maintenance, Operations, and Reliability Excellence MRO Maintenance, Repair, and Operating Supplies O&M Operations and Maintenance PANYNJ Port Authority of New York and New Jersey PBB Passenger Boarding Bridge PM Preventive and/or Predictive Maintenance QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control Abbreviations

Abbreviations 79 RCM Reliability-Centered Maintenance ROI Return on Investment RTF Run-to-Failure SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SEA Seattle-Tacoma International Airport SLC Salt Lake City International Airport SMART Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely SWF Stewart International Airport TEB Teterboro Airport YYZ Toronto Pearson International Airport

80 A Airport property. All property owned by the airport, whether purchased, leased, confiscated, donated, received by eminent domain, constructed, or annexed. Airport property may include supplies, real property, police property, capital assets, and controlled items. Area. A subdivision of the airport campus; the combination of campus designation and area designation may define the general location of a facility. Assessment. A systematic process of collecting and analyzing data to determine the current, historical, or projected status of an organization or system. Asset. (1) An item of plant, equipment, or infrastructure that contributes to the function of a system so that the system can provide a service to a community or group of customers. An asset is continually maintained, refurbished, replaced, or upgraded so that the system provides an ongoing, minimum level of service (LOS). An asset has a capital replacement value and is depreciated over its useful life. (2) A physical component of a facility which has value, enables services to be provided, and has an economic life greater than 12 months. Dynamic assets have some moving parts, whereas passive assets have none. (3) A capital investment maintained by the airport’s accounting system. The maintenance department typically refers to an asset as any item of physical plant or equipment. The term is used to describe items such as buildings, facilities, and systems and components that are controlled by the airport and from which a benefit is derived. For industry purposes, these items are considered fixed assets deployed or intended to be deployed in an operational environment. Asset criticality. A ranking of assets according to potential operational impact. Criteria may include inherent safety and environmental risks, replacement cost, schedule, and redundancy. Asset group. A group of like assets (e.g., valves), or a group of assets that make up a system (e.g., pump system). Asset health. The overall condition of an asset measured in terms of reliability or technical assessments from predictive testing, operational monitoring, or maintenance history analysis. Asset hierarchy. A framework that segments an asset base into appropriate classifications. The asset hierarchy can be based on asset function, asset type, or a combination of asset function and type. Asset life cycle. The asset life cycle is the time span from when the asset is placed in service through its eventual replacement or disuse. How the asset’s life cycle is managed will depend on specified asset management strategies and goals, which normally include training, maximizing utility, preventive maintenance, evaluation, and when use of the asset will stop. Glossary

Glossary 81 Asset management (AM). A systematic approach to the procurement, maintenance, opera- tion, rehabilitation, and disposal of one or more assets. AM integrates the utilization of assets and their performance with the business requirements of asset owners or users. AM focuses on the continuous alignment of asset performance to meet service delivery outputs to deliver the desired outcomes. AM is both a management paradigm and a body of management practices that are applied to the entire portfolio of infrastructure assets at all levels of the organization, seeking to minimize the total cost of acquiring, operating, maintaining, and renewing the organization’s assets within an environment of limited resources while continuously delivering the service levels customers desire and regulators require at an acceptable level of business risk to the organization. As defined by the ISO in Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 55, AM involves systematic and coordinated activi- ties and practices through which an organization optimally and sustainably manages its assets and asset systems, their associated performance, risks, and expenditures over their life cycles for the purposes of achieving its organizational strategic plan. (Note: PAS 55 focuses primarily on physical assets and is being replaced as a formal specification by the more broadly focused ISO 55000; however, the information contained in PAS 55 remains useful as a reference.) Asset management policy. An organizational policy that sets the framework for the manage- ment of airport infrastructure and assets. Most asset management policies include sections addressing (1) the organizational context and importance of asset management, (2) the overall vision and goals of the organization and supporting asset management vision and goals, (3) executive and key position roles and responsibilities, and (4) audit and review procedures. Asset management strategy. A strategy for asset management covering the development and implementation of plans and programs for asset creation, operation, maintenance, rehabilitation/replacement, disposal, and performance monitoring to ensure that the desired LOS and other operational objectives are achieved at optimum cost. Asset management steering committee. A committee that brings together people within the organization to design, build, and guide the asset management program. The steer- ing committee establishes the program and enforce the ideas and practices within the organization. Asset performance. The individual and collective contributions that an asset makes toward ser- vice delivery and/or business outputs. Asset performance is assessed by measuring how closely a set of predetermined outputs that arise from the existence and operation of the asset(s) meet assigned performance targets. Asset registry. A record of asset information considered worthy of separate identification that includes inventory, historical, financial, condition, construction, technical, and financial information about each asset. Asset replacement cost. The full replacement costs associated with a given asset, expressed in current dollars. Assignment. A labor requirement on a work order record that has been matched to an appro- priate laborer. Attributes. Data items related to an asset. Availability. The probability that an item or a system is operating satisfactorily, at point in time, when used under stated conditions.

82 Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports B Backlog. All work that has not been completed by its specified “required by” date. The period for which a work order is “overdue” is the difference between the current date and the required by date. Work for which no required by date has been specified generally is included on the backlog. Backlog is generally measured in “crew-weeks,” which are calculated by dividing the total number of labor hours represented by the work by the number of labor hours avail- able in an average week to the crew responsible for completing the work. Benchmark. A standard measurement or reference that forms the basis for comparison. When used to measure performance, the benchmark is recognized as the standard of excellence for a specific process. Benchmark measures. A set of measurements (or metrics) used to establish improvement goals for processes, functions, products, etc. Benchmark measures often are derived from those used by other organizations to display “best in class” achievement. Best in class. A descriptor used to highlight the outstanding performance of an organization within an industry. Best practice. A superior or innovative practice that contributes to the improved performance of a process or an organization and is usually recognized as “best” by other peer organizations. Best value. Achievement of the nearest possible match to the functional requirements for the best price. The best value is not about taking the lowest-priced option; rather, it is the opti- mum combination of whole-life cost and quality (or fitness for purpose) to meet the user’s requirement. Business process. The end-to-end sequence of activities that defines one or more business func- tions required to deliver goods or services to a customer. Customer-related activities are con- sidered external business functions whereas support activities are considered internal business functions. C Capital asset. A physical asset that is held by an organization for its production potential. Capital project. A project that involves new construction, major repairs, or improvements to an asset and for which the cost is capitalized rather than expensed. The asset is then depreciated. Change management. The process of bringing planned change to an organization. Change management usually means leading an organization through a series of steps to meet a defined goal. Computerized maintenance management system (CMMS). A software package used to assist in asset and work management functions. The CMMS tracks work orders, equipment his- tories, and preventive/predictive maintenance (PM) schedules. Usually it is integrated with support systems such as inventory control, purchasing, accounting, and manufacturing, and controls maintenance and warehouse activities. Consequences of failure. The expected results of an asset failure, expressed in triple bottom line (social/community, economic, and environmental/regulatory) terms. Construction. All constructed facilities, buildings, and infrastructure. A construction is defined as a physical setting used to serve a specific purpose. A construction may be within a building, or be a whole building, or be a building together with its site and surrounding

Glossary 83 environment. Alternatively, a construction may be a constructed facility that is not a build- ing (e.g., a bridge, road, or railway).The term encompasses both the physical object and its use. Corrective maintenance (CM). Maintenance tasks initiated as a result of the observed or measured condition of an asset or system, before or after functional failure, to correct the problem. CM can be planned or unplanned. Critical assets. Assets for which the financial, business, or service-level consequences of failure are sufficiently severe to justify proactive inspection and rehabilitation. Critical assets have a lower threshold for action than do non-critical assets. D Data. A set of collected facts. The two types of data are measured or variable data and counted or attribute data. Database. An organized set of searchable and retrievable records (e.g., a computer file composed of records, each containing fields together with a set of operations for searching, sorting, recombining, and other functions). Data collection. The gathering and recording of facts, changes, and forecasts for analysis. Data entry. The process that a technician uses to enter data directly to the system. Data file. A collection of related data records or application data values that have been organized in a specific manner and stored after and separated from the user program area. Data management. The process by which the reliability, timeliness, and accessibility to an orga- nization’s database is assured. Decommission. To take an asset out of service, usually by following a set of prescribed activities. Design life. The service life intended by the designer. Document. In context, the creation of a physical or electronic “paper trail” (recorded steps and procedures) to support the CMMS functions. Documentation may include blue- prints, receipts, and contracts, as well as .pdf files, pictures, and other computer-based files and images. E Economic life. The time period from the acquisition of the asset to the time when the asset, although physically able to provide a service, ceases to be the lowest-cost alternative to satisfy a particular need. At maximum the economic life equals the physical life of the asset, but obsolescence often ensures that the economic life is shorter than the physical life. F Facilities. Non-linear installations of assets that facilitate a process or function. Within a sub- system, assets can be classified as either linear or non-linear. Non-linear assets may be mobile (e.g., vehicles in a fleet) or fixed (e.g., a building), occupy a bound (non-continuous) space, and can be modeled as part of a parent-child hierarchy. Linear assets (e.g., underground pipes) are continuous with linear properties.

84 Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports Failure analysis. The process of analyzing a failure to determine its cause and to put measures in place to prevent future problems. Function. What the owner or user of a physical asset or system wants it to do. Functional failure. A state in which an asset or system is unable to perform a specific function to a level of performance that is acceptable to its user. G Gap analysis. Assessment of the current level of practices in asset management. The gap is the difference between the current practices and the best practices for that organization. Gap analysis is sometimes called as a maturity assessment. General aviation (GA) airports. One of the two categories of civil aviation airports. GA airports cater to all flights other than military and scheduled airline and regular cargo flights, both private and commercial. Geographic information system (GIS). A computer package that displays a map connected to a database. The package typically combines features (e.g., roads and sewers) from different maps, and can overlay them on the same screen. To qualify as a GIS, the system also should be able to reference a computer database for textual information (e.g., notes and dimensions) regarding the features displayed on the map. I Infrastructure assets. Stationary systems forming a network and serving whole communi- ties, and for which the network as a whole is intended to be maintained indefinitely at a particular LOS potential by the continuing replacement and refurbishment of its compo- nents. The network may include normally recognized assets as components. Examples of infrastructure assets include roads, water supply, wastewater, stormwater, power supply, flood management, and recreational assets. Infrastructure management. The discipline of managing infrastructure assets that underpin an economy. Inventory. In accounting, a record of current assetsthat includes property and equipment owned (e.g., counting parts in stock, value of work in progress, and work completed but not sold). With regard to maintenance, the term inventory frequently is used to describe the list of equipment and spare parts held in stock. Inventory analysis. Involves data collection regarding the products or services being investi- gated and quantification of relevant material and energy inputs and outputs. Inventory management. The process by which inventory is controlled. Typically, this includes tracking usage of stock items, optimization of stock levels and control of costs. ISO (International Organization for Standardization). An organization known for produc- ing and publishing international standards for all subject areas in the world. This organi- zation forms a network between the public and private sectors as it is not a government organization. Item. A specific asset or part of an asset (e.g., a piece of equipment).

Glossary 85 J Job. A work assignment, task, or series of related tasks, position classification, or quantity of work. Job Plan. Instructional and supporting information provided to the person or entity that performs the work. The Job Plan addresses job-specific requirements, such as task descrip- tions sequenced in steps, permits (including any safety permits), procedures, drawings, and materials. K Key performance indicator (KPI). A quantitative measure or qualitative indicator of the per- formance of the service, efficiency, productivity, or cost-effectiveness of an agency, program, or activity. The KPI enables a performance comparison to be made against a standard target or norm for management purposes. Knowledge management. The deliberate and systematic coordination of an organization’s people, technology, processes, and organizational structure to add value through reuse and innovation. This value is achieved through the promotion of creating, sharing, and applying knowledge, and through the communication of valuable lessons learned and best practices. L Labor. Physical effort that a person expends to repair, inspect, or deal with a problem. Large hub airport. A commercial service airport that has at least 10,000 passenger boardings each year and 1% or more of total passenger boardings within the United States during the most current calendar year ending before the start of the current fiscal year. Level of service (LOS). (1) A measure of the level of asset service, determined by the quality and the quantity of services provided by an asset under consideration. (2) The service qual- ity defined for a particular activity or service area against which service performance may be measured. Service levels usually relate to quality, quantity, reliability, responsiveness, environmental acceptability, and cost. Life cycle. The life of an asset (or a project, product, system) from its conception through to end-of-life, decommissioning, or disposal. Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis. Any technique that allows assessment of a given solution, or choice from among alternative solutions, on the basis of all relevant economic consequences over the service life of an asset. Linear asset. An asset that is maintained in segments (e.g., a road, pipeline, or railroad track). Measurements are made along the linear asset to specify work, monitoring, metering, or placement of signs. M Maintainability. The ease and speed with which a maintenance activity can be carried out on an asset. It is a function of equipment design and maintenance task design. Maintenance. All actions necessary for retaining an asset in, or restoring it to, a specified condition.

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TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Report 155: Guidebook for Advanced Computerized Maintenance Management System Integration at Airports explores the use of a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) to manage a variety of assets across a number of different airport systems. This report develops guidance on the steps necessary to implement a CMMS, factors for consideration in prioritizing which systems should be included in the CMMS using a phased approach, and the steps for integrating CMMS data into performance management and business decision making.

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