High-Entropy Materials,
Ultra-Strong Molecules,
and Nanoelectronics
EMERGING CAPABILITIES AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Linda Casola, Rapporteur
Defense Materials Manufacturing and Infrastructure
Standing Committee
National Materials and Manufacturing Board
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This activity was supported by Contract No. W911NF-10-C-0098 with the Department of Defense. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-47569-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-47569-4
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25106
Cover image: Materials research is the never-ending quest for new capabilities. Today’s research objectives are explored and exemplified with three topics and in one cover image, all of which hold their own intricacy but also the future promise of new extended capabilities. As each element, bond, and device is added, they begin to form an intricate solution. Graphic artist: Erik Svedberg.
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Copyright 2019 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. High-Entropy Materials, Ultra-Strong Molecules, and Nanoelectronics—Emerging Capabilities and Research Objectives: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25106.
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DEFENSE MATERIALS MANUFACTURING AND INFRASTRUCTURE STANDING COMMITTEE
MICHAEL F. McGRATH, McGrath Analytics, LLC, Chair
VALERIE BROWNING, ValTech Solutions, LLC
DIANNE CHONG, Boeing Company (retired)
JESUS M. DE LA GARZA, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
ROSARIO A. GERHARDT, Georgia Institute of Technology
PAUL J. KERN, NAE,1 The Cohen Group
E. WARD PLUMMER, NAS,2 Louisiana State University
ROBERT POHANKA, National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (retired)
KATHERINE STEVENS, GE Aviation
DENISE SWINK, Independent Consultant
HAYDN N.G. WADLEY, University of Virginia
Staff
JAMES C. LANCASTER, Acting Director, National Materials and Manufacturing Board
ERIK B. SVEDBERG, Senior Program Officer
LINDA CASOLA, Rapporteur
HEATHER LOZOWSKI, Financial Manager
NEERAJ P. GORKHALY, Assistant Program Officer
HENRY KO, Research Assistant (until January 25, 2019)
JOSEPH PALMER, Senior Program Assistant
___________________
1 Member, National Academy of Engineering.
2 Member, National Academy of Sciences.
NATIONAL MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING BOARD
ROBERT E. SCHAFRIK, NAE,1 GE Aviation, Chair
MICHAEL BASKES, NAE, Mississippi State University
JIM C.I. CHANG, National Cheng Kung University
JENNIE S. HWANG, NAE, H-Technologies Group
SANDRA HYLAND, Consultant
SUNDARESAN JAYARAMAN, Georgia Institute of Technology
ROBERT H. LATIFF, R. Latiff Associates
MICHAEL F. McGRATH, McGrath Analytics, LLC
CELIA MERZBACHER, Semiconductor Research Corporation
EDWARD MORRIS, National Center for Defense Manufacturing
VINCENT RUSSO, Aerospace Technologies Associates, LLC
GREG TASSEY, University of Washington
HAYDEN N.G. WADLEY, University of Virginia
BEN WANG, Georgia Institute of Technology Manufacturing Institute
Staff
JAMES C. LANCASTER, Acting Director
ERIK B. SVEDBERG, Senior Program Officer
HEATHER LOZOWSKI, Financial Manager
NEERAJ P. GORKHALY, Assistant Program Officer
JOSEPH PALMER, Senior Program Assistant
___________________
1 Member, National Academy of Engineering.
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings, nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by Lourdes Salamanca-Riba, University of Maryland, College Park. She was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this summary rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies. We are also grateful to Michelle Schwalbe in the Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences for additional guidance in the drafting of the manuscript.
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Contents
Ballistic Performance of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composites
What Limits the Strength of Fibers? Molecules, Processing, . . . ?
An Assessment of the High-Entropy Field
Mechanical and Thermodynamic Instabilities in Refractory High-Entropy Alloys
High-Entropy Alloys: Thermodynamics
Nano Regime: Continued CMOS Scaling Through Exploratory Materials Research
Mythbusting Scientific Knowledge Generation and Transfer with nanoHUB.org and NEMO
Self-Assembled Nanocomposites for Multifunctionalities: Current and Future
Panel Discussion: Nanoelectronics