Appendix C

Committee Member Biographies

Sue Meek, Ph.D. (Chair), is Honorary Professor in the Research School of Biology of the Australian National University. She is also the principal of Sue Meek and Associates, which works at the interface of academe, industry, government, and nongovernmental entities to increase awareness and understanding of the economic and social implications of science and technology and to facilitate the conduct, application, and commercialization of research and development. From 2008 to 2016 Dr. Meek was the Chief Executive of the Australian Academy of Science, providing leadership to the Academy Secretariat in developing and delivering programs to promote excellence in scientific research nationally and internationally, to develop and sustain a national scientific culture, and to provide valued independent scientific advice to assist evidence-based policy development. Dr. Meek was previously Australia’s inaugural Gene Technology Regulator from December 2001. This statutory appointment was established by the federal government to administer the national regulatory system for the development and use of genetically modified organisms. Prior to this she held various senior state government positions where she was responsible for the development and implementation of policies on science and technology and public-sector intellectual property management, and the administration of grant programs to support innovation and to develop research capability. Dr. Meek has a Ph.D. in marine biology, an M.Sc. in oceanography, and a B.Sc. (Hons) in microbiology. She is an Officer of the Order of Australia, a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Tech-

nological Sciences and Engineering. She is also a member of the board of Bioplatforms Australia Ltd. and a trustee of the International Life Sciences Institute’s Research Foundation.

R. Alta Charo, J.D., is the Warren P. Knowles Professor of Law at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where she teaches bioethics, biotechnology policy, public health law, and torts. Professor Charo (A.B., biology, Harvard University, 1979; J.D., law, Columbia University, 1982) was elected in 2006 to membership in the U.S. National Academy of Medicine (NAM), from which she received the Adam Yarmolinsky medal for service to the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. She was co-chair of the U.S. National Academies’ Committee on Embryonic Stem Cell Research Guidelines, co-chair of its Committee on Human Gene Editing, and recently completed service as co-chair of the Regenerative Medicine Forum, among other activities. At present, she is a member of the NAM Council and of the U.S. National Academies Board on Health Sciences Policy and Committee on Science Technology and Law. Professor Charo served on President Obama’s transition team, focusing on the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), bioethics, stem cell policy, and women’s reproductive health. She was on leave from 2009 to 2011 to serve as a senior policy advisor on emerging technology issues in the Office of the Commissioner at FDA. Her federal advisory committee service includes the 1994 NIH Human Embryo Research Panel and President Clinton’s National Bioethics Advisory Commission (1996 to 2001).

Baruch Fischhoff, Ph.D., is the Howard Heinz University Professor in the Institute for Politics and Strategy and the Departments of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University. A graduate of the Detroit Public Schools, he holds a B.S. in mathematics and psychology from Wayne State University and an M.A. and a Ph.D. in psychology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. National Academy of Medicine. He is past president of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making and of the Society for Risk Analysis, and recipient of the latter’s Distinguished Achievement Award. He was founding chair of the Food and Drug Administration Risk Communication Advisory Committee and recently chaired the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Committee on Behavioral and Social Science Research to Improve Intelligence Analysis for National Security and co-chaired the U.S. National Academies’ Committee on Future Research Goals and Directions for Foundational Science in Cybersecurity and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences Sackler Colloquium on “The Science of Science Communication.” He was a mem-

ber of the planning committee for both of the White House–requested symposia on gain-of-function research. He is a former member of the Eugene, Oregon Commission on the Rights of Women, the Department of Homeland Security’s Science and Technology Advisory Committee, the World Federation of Scientists Permanent Monitoring Panel on Terrorism, and the Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board, where he chaired the Homeland Security Advisory Committee. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science (previously the American Psychological Society), the Society of Experimental Psychologists, and the Society for Risk Analysis. He has co-authored or edited 11 books: Acceptable Risk (1981), A Two-State Solution in the Middle East: Prospects and Possibilities (1993), Elicitation of Preferences (2000), Risk Communication: A Mental Models Approach (2002), Intelligence Analysis: Behavioral and Social Science Foundations (2011), Risk: A Very Short Introduction (2011), Communicating Risks and Benefits: An Evidence-Based Guide (2011), Judgment and Decision Making (2011), Risk Analysis and Human Behavior (2011), The Science of Science Communication (2013), and Counting Civilian Casualties (2013).

Michele Garfinkel, Ph.D., is the manager of the EMBO Science Policy Programme where she is responsible for policy research focused on biotechnology and scientific publishing. The EMBO Science Policy Programme also addresses subjects of concern to scientists and policy makers, including research funding and responsible conduct of research. Until March 2011, she was a policy analyst at the J. Craig Venter Institute. Her research there focused on identifying emerging societal concerns associated with new discoveries in genomics and crafting options for policy interventions. She was a principal author on the 2007 report “Synthetic Genomics: Options for Governance,” which remains a foundational study in the field. She has continued to be engaged in efforts to assess the biosafety and biosecurity implications of advances in synthetic biology, as well as on research integrity. For example, she was active in the European discussions of gain-of-function research and spoke at the workshop on Assessing the Security Implications of Genome Editing, in which the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was a partner. She also served as an expert to the Technical Expert Working Group on Genetic Sequence Data for the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework Advisory Group. Dr. Garfinkel holds a Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Washington, Seattle; an M.A. in science, technology, and public policy from The George Washington University; and an A.B. in genetics from the University of California, Berkeley.

Alexander (Sasha) Kagansky, Ph.D., is a director of the Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok, Russia, where he also teaches as an associate professor. He is also an executive committee member of the Global Young Academy. Previously, in 2012–2017 he worked as a Chancellor’s Fellow at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (IGMM) at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and led research at the Synthetic Epigenetics Lab, Chromosomes and Gene Expression Section of the IGMM. In 2005–2012, he worked at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, as a postdoctoral research associate and then as senior research associate. Research in his center is aimed at understanding the molecular basis of the cell fate and tissue transitions in the human organism, and at finding ways to control these transitions, which will be crucial for the future of molecular medicine. In his studies he combines genetics, synthetic biology, biochemistry, and proteomics. Apart from the research in the laboratory, Dr. Kagansky regularly organizes public engagement of science activities in different parts of the world, which results in new collaborations between scientists and artists. He and the Global Young Academy recently organized an interactive session on potential biosecurity concerns arising from genome editing in conjunction with the international workshop on Assessing the Security Implications of Genome Editing Technology in Hannover, Germany. He also served on the planning committee for the workshop. Dr. Kagansky is a member of the Young Academy of Scotland and Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law. He received his Ph.D. in molecular biology in 2004 after spending 3 years at the U.S. National Institutes of Health. In 1998 he got his M.S. in biophysics from St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University in Russia.

Alemka Markotić, M.D., Ph.D., is the director of the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases (UHID) in Zagreb, Croatia. She is head of the Department for Research and head of the Clinical Department for Urinary Tract Infections. She is also a full professor at the Medical School, University of Rijeka and Catholic University of Zagreb, Croatia, and an associate member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. She received her M.D. at the Medical School, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1989), an MSc. in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology (1996), and a Ph.D. in Infectious Diseases (1999) from the University of Zagreb Medical School. Her specializations are in Clinical Immunology (1997) and Infectious Diseases (2007). Dr. Markotić’s research on zoonoses with special focus on hantaviruses has earned her seven national and nine international awards, including the Croatian Academy of Arts and Sciences

Annual Award for Medicine, Annual State Award for Medicine, and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Award for Excellence. She has published more than 100 peer-reviewed papers and delivered numerous presentations at national and international conferences. At UHID Dr. Markotić established the Centre for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and is responsible for managing the first Croatian Biosafety Level (BSL)-3 laboratory. She is trained and certified for work in BSL-3 facilities and received theoretical training in BSL-4 level work at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland. At the request of the European Commission and Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Dr. Markotić designed, organized, and presented a Biosafety/Biosecurity Training Workshop in Beijing, China, in May 2009. Dr. Markotić also worked for several years at the Institute of Immunology, Zagreb, a research institute that produces vaccines and immunologic reagents, and served as Head of the Viral Vaccines and Interferon Quality Control Unit. Dr. Markotić also lectures at the medical schools of University of Zagreb, Rijeka, and at the University of Split Croatia, where she has a course on Bioterrorism and Biodefense for Forensic School graduate students. She is a member of the Council of the International Society for Hantaviruses, the Board for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and the Board for Genomics at the Croatian Academy of Science and Arts. Since 2016 she has served as a member of the Homeland Security Council. She also is a member of several national and international societies in immunology and infectious diseases. She has previously served on the Croatian National Council for Science and the Committee of the Croatian Sciences Foundation and as Vice-President of the Scientific Council in the Scope of Biomedicine and Health.

M. Iqbal Parker, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology at the University of Cape Town. Dr. Parker obtained his Ph.D. in biochemistry in 1979 and completed a postdoctoral stint with Dr. Gary Stein at the University of Florida in Gainesville. He is the founding Director of the Cape Town Component of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (2007–2016). Prior to accepting this position, he was Head of the Department of Medical Biochemistry and the Director of Research for the Health Science Faculty at the University of Cape Town. Professor Parker is a founding member of the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) and served as General Secretary (2000–2004) and Vice President (2010–2016). He is a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences and the African Academy of Sciences. He served on the international jury panel for the Loreai/United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Awards for Women in Science (1997–2002) and is currently

a member of the International Scientific Advisory Committees of the UNESCO International Centre for Biotechnology in Nsukka, Nigeria, and the UNESCO Biotechnology Centre in Tripoli, Libya. He is a Peer Reference Group Member for the International Science Programmes funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. He is a former President of the South African Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the former Secretary General and current treasurer of the Federation of African Societies of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. He served on the Executive Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology as the chair of the Committee on Symposia, chair of the Wood/Whelan Travel Fellowships Committee, and chair of the Mid-Career fellowships Committee (2009 and 2015). In 2003 he was awarded the National Science and Technology Forum award for “Outstanding Contributions in Science, Engineering and Technology,” in 2004 he was awarded the South African Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Gold Medal for his contributions to biochemistry, and received the Oettle Medal in 2009 from the Cancer Association of South Africa for significant contributions to cancer research. He is the chair of the ASSAf Biosafety and Biosecurity Committee that in 2015 presented the South African Academy report entitled “The State of Biosafety and Biosecurity in South Africa,” which was presented during a side event at the 2017 Meeting of States Parties of the Biological Weapons Convention in Geneva in December 2017. He is a member of the South African Biological Weapons Working Committee and has participated in a number of InterAcademy Partnership international biosecurity activities, most recently the workshop on Assessing the Security Implications of Genome Editing.

Alejandra G. Suárez, Ph.D., is the Academic Director of the School of Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, and full professor, Department of Organic Chemistry, at the Universidad Nacional de Rosario in Argentina. She is also a research scientist (project director), Instituto de Química Rosario, CONICET (Argentine National Scientific Research Council). Her primary research and teaching interests are in organic synthesis, organometallic chemistry, green chemistry, and chemistry education. She received her Ph.D. in chemical sciences from the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba in Argentina and did postdoctoral work at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris and the University of Oxford. She was a member of the Chemistry Scientific Advisory Commission from the Argentine National Scientific Research Council (2012–2013) and has received national and international awards for her research. In addition to her scientific work, she has been active in chemical security and disarmament. She was a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) from

2009 to 2015, serving as its vice-chair from 2012 to 2013 and chair from 2013 to 2015. During that time she served on Temporary Working Groups on Verification, the Convergence between Chemistry and Biology, and Education and Outreach in Science and Technology. She led the OPCW project that produced The Hague Ethical Guidelines, a set of principles to be used in establishing or evaluating codes of conduct for scientists. She also served as the primary academic lead for an innovative project to introduce issues related to chemical weapons and the responsible use of chemicals into the chemistry curriculum in Argentine universities in ways that employed active learning methods.

Herawati Sudoyo, M.D., Ph.D., is the Deputy Director of the Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology in Jakarta, Indonesia, and a teaching staff member at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. She is also an honorary Associate Professor from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia, and a member of the Indonesian Academy of Sciences. She received an M.D. from the University of Indonesia and obtained her Ph.D. in biochemistry/molecular biology from Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Dr. Sudoyo’s work on human genome diversity and disease and expertise on the use of DNA markers led to the establishment of a DNA forensics laboratory to serve the need of scientific evidence in solving criminal cases. The forensic laboratory has become part of the international forensic network on child trafficking and wildlife trafficking. Her latest professional appointment is President of the Indonesian Biorisk Association, whose mission is to raise awareness and build expertise on biosafety and biosecurity in Indonesia. She is involved in the development of the Indonesian Code of Conduct on Biosecurity, and established a strong collaboration with the Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences. Dr. Sudoyo has been actively participating as a member of the Indonesian delegation for the United Nations (UN) Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Meeting of Experts since 2006, ASEAN Regional Forum Workshops on biosecurity issues, and others organized by the National Science Advisory Board on Biosecurity, UN Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, and the World Health Organization. She has been a member of the Expert Panel of the National Commission for Zoonosis since 2012. Dr. Sudoyo is also a member of several international organizations, including the PAN Asian SNP Initiative, HUGO, A-IMBN, Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association, and others. She previously served as a member of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Committee on Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences: Outreach Activities in Indonesia.

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