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67 Adaptation: An adjustment in natural or human systems in anticipation of or response to a changing environment in a way that effectively uses beneficial opportunities or reduces negative effects. Asset (transportation system): Essentially any feature built and maintained on a highway (e.g., pavement, bridge, culvert, sign, and embankment). Asset management: A data-driven, strategic approach for the preservation, rehabilitation, and maintenance of assets. Climate change: Any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. Climate change includes major variations in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other environmental conditions, that occur over several decades or longer. Changes in climate may manifest as a rise in sea level as well as an increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events now and in the future. Consequence: The outcome of an event occurrence, including immediate, short-, and long- term, direct and indirect losses and effects. Consequence mitigation: The planned and coordinated actions or system features designed to reduce or minimize the damage caused by attacks or natural hazard events. Countermeasures: What is in place, or could be put in place, to reduce the vulnerability of an asset and the probability that an attack will succeed in causing a failure or significant damage. Critical asset: An asset that if lost or damaged would severely degrade or curtail an ownerâs ability to perform core functions or its mission. Extreme weather events: Weather events that can include significant anomalies in temperature, precipitation, and winds and can manifest as heavy precipitation and flooding, heatwaves, drought, wildfires, and windstorms (including tornadoes and tropical storms). Consequences of extreme weather events can include safety concerns, damage, destruction, and economic loss. Climate change can also cause or influence extreme weather events. Preparedness: The actions taken to plan, organize, equip, train, and exercise to build, apply, and sustain the capabilities necessary to prevent, protect against, ameliorate the effects of, respond to, and recover from climate changeârelated damages to life, health, property, livelihoods, ecosystems, and national security. Redundancy: A measure of alternative routes available. Sustainability: The capacity to endure. The goal of sustainability can be described with the triple bottom line, which includes giving consideration to three primary principles: social, environmental, and economic. Glossary
68 Resilience in Transportation Planning, Engineering, Management, Policy, and Administration Threat: Any indication, circumstance, or event with the potential to cause the loss of or damage to an asset, system, or network. Threat characterization: Threat scenario identification and description in enough detail to estimate vulnerability and consequences. Threat assessment: Normalized assessments of attractiveness in light of the high-level objectives of terrorists and intelligence-based assessments of adversary capabilities and intent. Vulnerability: Network weakness plus the consequence of failure. Potential factors affecting vulnerability are asset age, condition, interdependence of on-system and off-system assets, countermeasures, and magnitude of event. Vulnerability analysis/vulnerability assessment: A systematic examination of an assetâs ability to withstand a specific threat using current security and emergency preparedness procedures and controls.
