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Page 33
Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Airport Public Health Preparedness and Response: Legal Rights, Powers, and Duties. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25227.
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Page 33
Page 34
Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Airport Public Health Preparedness and Response: Legal Rights, Powers, and Duties. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25227.
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Page 34

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33 Ill person: An individual who (1) has a fever (a measured temperature of 100.4 °F [38 °C] or greater, or feels warm to the touch, or gives a history of feeling feverish) accompanied by one or more of the following—skin rash, difficulty breathing, persistent cough, decreased consciousness or confusion of recent onset, new unexplained bruising or bleeding (with- out previous injury), persistent diarrhea, persistent vomiting (other than air sickness), headache with stiff neck, or appears obviously unwell; (2) has a fever that has persisted for more than 48 hours; or (3) has symptoms or other indications of communi- cable disease, as CDC may announce through post- ing of a notice in the Federal Register.301 Isolation: The separation of an individual or group reasonably believed to be infected with a quarantinable communicable disease from those who are healthy to prevent the spread of the quar- antinable communicable disease.302 Medical examination: The assessment of an individual by an authorized and licensed health worker to determine the individual’s health status and potential public health risk to others and may include the taking of a medical history, a physical examination, and collection of human biological samples for laboratory testing as may be needed to diagnose or confirm the presence or extent of infec- tion with a quarantinable communicable disease.303 Medical reviewer: A physician, nurse practi- tioner, or similar medical professional qualified in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases who is appointed by the Secretary or Director to conduct medical reviews under this part and may include an HHS or CDC employee, provided that the employee differs from the CDC official who issued the federal order for quarantine, isolation, or conditional release.304 Non-invasive: Procedures conducted by an autho- rized public health worker (i.e., an individual with education and training in the field of public health) or another individual with suitable public health train- ing and includes the visual examination of the ear, nose, and mouth; temperature assessments using an ear, oral, cutaneous, or noncontact thermometer, or thermal imaging; and other procedures not involving the puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body or a body cavity excluding the ear, nose, and mouth.305 GLOSSARY Apprehension: The temporary taking into cus- tody of an individual or group for purposes of deter- mining whether federal quarantine, isolation, or conditional release is warranted.292 Commander: The pilot in command of an air- craft as defined in 14 C.F.R. § 1.1.293 Communicable diseases: Illnesses due to infectious agents or their toxic products, which may be transmitted from a reservoir to a suscepti- ble host either directly as from an infected person or animal or indirectly through the agency of an intermediate plant or animal host, vector, or the inanimate environment.294 Communicable stage: The stage during which an infectious agent may be transmitted either directly or indirectly from an infected individual to another individual.295 Conditional release: The temporary supervision by a public health official (or designee) of an individual or group, who may have been exposed to a quaran- tinable communicable disease to determine the risk of disease spread and includes public health super- vision through in-person visits, telephone, or through electronic or Internet-based monitoring.296 Director: The Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, or another authorized representative as approved by the CDC Director or the Secretary of HHS.297 Disinfection: The killing of infectious agents or inactivation of their toxic products outside the body by direct exposure to chemical or physical agents.298 Disinfestation: Any chemical or physical process serving to destroy or remove undesired small animal forms, particularly arthropods or rodents, present upon the person, the clothing, or the environment of an individual, or upon animals and carriers.299 Disinsection: The operation in which measures are taken to kill the insect vectors of human disease present in carriers and containers.300 292 42 C.F.R. §§ 70.1, 71.1 (2017). 293 42 C.F.R. § 71.1 (2017). 294 Id. § 70.1. 295 Id. 296 Id. 297 Id. 298 Id. § 71.1. 299 Id. 300 42 C.F.R. § 71.1 (2017). 301 Id. §§ 70.1, 71.1. 302 Id. 303 Id. 304 Id. 305 42 C.F.R. §§ 70.1, 71.1 (2017).

34 Reasonably believed to be infected: Specific articulable facts upon which a public health officer could reasonably draw the inference that an indi- vidual has been exposed, either directly or indirectly, to the infectious agent that causes a quarantinable communicable disease, as through contact with an infected person or an infected person’s bodily fluids, a contaminated environment, or through an inter- mediate host or vector, and that as a consequence of the exposure, the individual is or may be harboring in the body the infectious agent of that quarantin- able communicable disease.311 Representatives: A physician, nurse practitioner, or similar medical professional qualified in the diag- nosis and treatment of infectious diseases, and an attorney who is knowledgeable of public health practices, who are appointed by the Secretary or Director and may include HHS or CDC employees, to assist an indigent individual under federal quar- antine, isolation, or conditional release with a medi- cal review under this part.312 Secretary: The Secretary of HHS or any other officer or employee of that Department to whom the authority involved has been delegated.313 Pilot in command: The person who (1) has final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of the flight, (2) has been designated as pilot in command before or during the flight, and (3) holds the appropriate category, class, and type rating, if appropriate, for the conduct of the flight.306 Precommunicable stage: The stage beginning upon an individual’s earliest opportunity for exposure to an infectious agent and ending upon the individual entering or reentering the communicable stage of the disease, or if the individual does not enter the com- municable stage, the latest date at which the individ- ual could reasonably be expected to have the potential to enter or reenter the communicable stage.307 Public health prevention measures: The assessment of an individual through non-invasive procedures and other means, such as observation, questioning, review of travel documents, records review, and other non-invasive means, to determine the individual’s health status and potential public health risk to others.308 Quarantinable communicable disease: Any of the communicable diseases listed in an Executive Order, as provided under section 361 of the Public Health Service Act.309 Quarantine: The separation of an individual or group reasonably believed to have been exposed to a quarantinable communicable disease, but who are not yet ill, from others who have not been so exposed, to prevent the possible spread of the quarantinable communicable disease.310 306 14 C.F.R. § 1.1 (2017). 307 42 C.F.R. § 70.1 (2017). 308 Id. §§ 70.1, 71.1. 309 Id.; Public Health Service Act, 42 U.S.C. § 361(b) (2017). 310 42 C.F.R. §§ 70.1, 71.1 (2017). 311 42 C.F.R. § 70.1 (2017). 312 Id. §§ 70.1, 71.1. 313 Id.

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TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Legal Research Digest 34: Airport Public Health Preparedness and Response: Legal Rights, Powers, and Duties addresses the legal issues concerning the measures to detect communicable diseases, regulations to control communicable diseases, methods for decontamination, emergency legal preparedness, privacy, and potential sources of liability. This digest provides a checklist that airport attorneys and other staff can use to help prepare, plan, and coordinate with their partners in response to a threat of a communicable disease.

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