CARE, USE, AND WELFARE OF
MARMOSETS AS ANIMAL MODELS FOR
GENE EDITING-BASED BIOMEDICAL
RESEARCH
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Anne Frances Johnson and Lida Anestidou, Rapporteurs
Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use
Institute for Laboratory Animal Research
Division on Earth and Life Studies
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
This project was supported by the American Veterinary Medical Association; Association of Primate Veterinarians; Baylor College of Medicine; Broad Institute; Charles River Laboratories; Emory University; Genentech; GlaxoSmithKline; Indiana University; Janssen Research & Development, LLC; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; Johns Hopkins University; Johnson & Johnson/Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Massachusetts General Hospital; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT; Medical College of Wisconsin; MedImmune; Merck and Co., Inc.; National Institutes of Health (Contract No. HHSN263201800029I; Task Order HHSN26300016); National Primate Research Centers; Novartis; Pfizer Inc.; University of Miami; University of Michigan; University of Pittsburgh; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center; and Yale University. Funding for this workshop was made possible, in part, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture through grant AP17AC000000G004 and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration through grant 5 R13 FD 005298-05. Views expressed in written workshop materials or publications and by speakers or moderators do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; nor does any mention of trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. IOS-1639899. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-48851-8
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-48851-6
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25356
Additional copies of this publication are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2019 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Cover credit: Illustrations copyright 2013, Stephen D. Nash/IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. Used with permission.
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing–Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25356.
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president.
The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.
The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.
Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.
Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.
Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.
For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo.
PLANNING COMMITTEE ON CARE, USE, AND WELFARE OF MARMOSETS AS ANIMAL MODELS FOR GENE EDITING–BASED BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH: A WORKSHOP
Members
Saverio “Buddy” Capuano III, University of Wisconsin–Madison (Co-Chair)
James G. Fox, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Co-Chair)
Jaco Bakker, Biomedical Primate Research Centre
Marina Emborg, University of Wisconsin–Madison
Eric Hutchinson, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
James Pickel, National Institute of Mental Health
Erika Sasaki, Central Institute for Experimental Animals
Suzette Tardif, Southwest National Primate Research Center
ROUNDTABLE ON SCIENCE AND WELFARE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL USE
Chair
Robert C. Dysko, University of Michigan
Liaison to ILAR Council
Paul A. Locke, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Members
Jill Ascher, National Institutes of Health
Szczepan Baran, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
Bonnie V. Beaver, Texas A&M University
Cindy Buckmaster, Baylor College of Medicine
Saverio (Buddy) Capuano III, University of Wisconsin–Madison
Carol Clarke, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Michael DuVall, Janssen Pharmaceuticals
James G. Fox, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Gloria J. Gaito, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
Alema Galijatovic-Idrizbegovic, Merck & Co., Inc.
Gail C. Golab, American Veterinary Medical Association
Debra L. Hickman, Indiana University School of Medicine
Michael Huerkamp, Emory University
Donna Matthews Jarrell, Massachusetts General Hospital
Bruce W. Kennedy, Chapman University
David M. Kurtz, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Margaret S. Landi, GlaxoSmithKline
Joseph T. Newsome, University of Pittsburgh
Lori Palley, Massachusetts General Hospital
Patricia Preisig, Yale University
Brianna L. Skinner, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Edda (Floh) Thiels, National Science Foundation
Joseph Thulin, Medical College of Wisconsin
Patricia V. Turner, Charles River Laboratories
Rhonda J. Wiler, Genentech
Axel Wolff, National Institutes of Health
Robert H. Wurtz, National Institutes of Health
Julia Zaias, University of Miami
Staff
Lida Anestidou, Director, Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use
Teresa Sylvina, Director, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research
Tamara Dawson, Senior Program Assistant, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (September–November 2018)
Keiona Jones, Senior Program Assistant, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (from December 2018)
Consultant
Anne Frances Johnson, Writer
INSTITUTE FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH
Council Members
Margaret S. Landi, Chief of Animal Welfare, Ethics and Strategy, GlaxoSmithKline (Chair)
Karin Blumer, Scientific Affairs, Novartis International AG
Cory Brayton, Associate Professor of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University
Joseph J. DeGeorge, Principal Partner, Bianca Holdings, LLC
Michael DuVall, Scientific Director, Head of Toxicology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceuticals
Lewis B. Kinter, Independent Consultant
Paul A. Locke, Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Director, DrPH Program in Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
James A. Roth, Clarence Hartley Covault Distinguished Professor, Director, Center for Food Security & Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University
Lawrence B. Schook, Edward William and Jane Marr Gutsgell Professor of Animal Sciences and Radiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Staff
Teresa Sylvina, Director
Lida Anestidou, Senior Program Officer
Keiona Jones, Senior Program Assistant
Acknowledgments
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by Jeff Everitt, Duke University, and Stephen Barthold, University of California, Davis (emeritus). They were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility
for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.
The support of the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use was vital to the planning and conduct of the workshop on Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing–Based Biomedical Research. Federal sponsors are the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Non-federal sponsorship was provided by the American Veterinary Medical Association; Baylor College of Medicine; Charles River Laboratories; Emory University; Genentech; GlaxoSmithKline; Indiana University; Johns Hopkins University; Johnson & Johnson/Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Massachusetts General Hospital; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Medical College of Wisconsin; MedImmune; Merck and Co., Inc.; National Primate Research Centers; Novartis; Pfizer Inc.; University of Miami; University of Michigan; University of Pittsburgh; and Yale University.
The Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use expresses deep gratitude to the members of the planning committee for developing an expansive and multifaceted workshop agenda and to the expert speakers who took part in the workshop’s discussions.
5 MARMOSET GENOMICS AND GENETIC DIVERSITY
Characterizing the Marmoset Genome
Genetic Diversity in Marmosets
6 MARMOSET SUPPLY AND AVAILABILITY
7 MARMOSET CARE AND MANAGEMENT
Disease Prevention and Management
Pain Prevention and Management
FIGURES
2-1 Areas of focus for research using tamarins and marmosets over the decades
2-2 Number of citations on PubMed that include the term marmosets, 1960 to the present
4-1 Comparison of brain characteristics of humans, macaques, marmosets, and mice
4-2 Anatomical in vivo T1w-MPRAGE 150 µm3 MRI of the normal marmoset brain
4-3 Schematic of cradle setup for performing functional MRI (fMRI) on conscious awake marmosets
This page intentionally left blank.
