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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
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Appendix A

Workshop Agenda

Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing–Based Biomedical Research

A Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use Workshop

October 22–23, 2018

Keck Center Room 100
500 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001

WORKSHOP CONTEXT

The New World primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), is a research model of increasing importance for biomedical research in the United States and globally. Marmosets present certain advantages compared to more traditional nonhuman primate species and may be particularly useful for the development of new disease models using genetic engineering (achieved using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology) and assisted reproductive technologies. Germline transmission of a transgene in marmosets was first shown in 2009 while mapping of their genome was published in 2014. Production of transgenic models of disease in marmosets is currently being tested in the United States and Japan, among others. However, a number

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×

of concerns have been voiced with respect to the increasing popularity of marmoset animal models based on the advent of genetic engineering/gene editing. Planned by an ad hoc committee, the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use will host a public workshop to explore and address these concerns.

WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES

Invited experts and speakers from academia, industry, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies will convene for this 2-day public workshop to

  1. Examine the availability of marmosets in the United States and abroad.
  2. Discuss animal welfare and ethical considerations stemming from the use of wildtype and genetically modified marmosets.
  3. Discuss standards of housing and care, dietary needs, and feeding requirements for wildtype as well as genetically modified marmosets in captivity.
  4. The presentations and discussions at the workshop will be captured in a workshop proceedings.

AGENDA

MONDAY, October 22, 2018, Keck 100
8:00AM Welcome and Introduction to Workshop
Workshop Co-Chairs:
SAVERIO CAPUANO, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center
JAMES FOX, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Roundtable Director
LIDA ANESTIDOU, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research
8:10AM Keynote: The Historical Use of Callitrichids in Biomedical Research and Current Trends Introduction SUZETTE TARDIF, Southwest National Primate Research Center
JAMES FOX
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×

Session 1—Marmoset Availability

8:40AM Current State of Affairs: Analyzing the Numbers Session Moderator:
SAVERIO CAPUANO
Objectives:
  • Inform on the status of marmoset population in the United States
  • Present one country’s approach to meeting its marmoset-dependent research needs
  • Present a perspective on the conflict between conservation, bioprospecting, and biomedical research
  • In the context of anticipated demand for marmosets, discuss an equitable, sustainable, and fair control of and access to marmoset resources (numbers, tissues, and genetic material; how supply lines are established and the role of wild caught marmosets) globally
Speakers:
JON LEVINE, Wisconsin Nati Center
ERIKA SASAKI, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Japan
MARIA ADÉLIA BORSTELMANN DE OLIVEIRA, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Brazil
SAVERIO CAPUANO
Q&A with the audience
10:10AM COFFEE BREAK
10:30AM Genetic Diversity in Times of Increased Demand Session Moderator:
JAMES PICKEL, National Institute of Mental Health
Objectives:
  • Examine the prospect and application of a Species Survival Plan for marmosets, including its role in the exchange of genetic information (+ small colonies)
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
  • Discuss elements of genetic and microbiological characterization of marmosets
    • Do the provenance and genetic background of marmoset colonies play a role in choosing research questions
    • Maintain marmoset colony genetics
  • Discuss the genetic diversity in Japan’s marmoset colonies
  • Analyze the need for and role of genetic diversity in marmosets used in biomedical research (genome sequencing)
  • Present a chip-based genomic analysis
Speakers:
KENTON KERNS, Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute
JOANNA MALUKIEWICZ, Arizona State University
YASUHIRO GO, National Institute of Physiology, Japan
JEFFREY ROGERS, Baylor College of Medicine
RICARDO DEL ROSARIO, Broad Institute
11:45AM Maintain and Track Genetic Diversity in Marmoset Colonies—Facilitated Discussion with the Audience Session Leader:
JAMES PICKEL
  • What is the contribution of genetic diversity to marmoset-based animal models?
  • What are some of the most common problems encountered in tracking genetic diversity?
  • What are some of the potential solutions in maintaining said diversity?
  • It appears likely that the U.S. marmoset research population will include a number of breeding colonies that are each relatively small, raising questions as to how to best maintain the overall population to ensure genetic viability.
    • What are the specific goals of genetic management of the marmoset population (e.g., outbreeding)? Definition of founder populations? Enrichment or elimination of certain lineages based on either genotype or phenotype?
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
  • What can we learn from other institutions that manage numerous, small breeding populations (e.g., zoos)?
  • What mechanisms can be used to either encourage or enforce broad population genetic management?
  • What would be the costs and benefits of plans to genotype or sequence every marmoset in research?
12:30PM LUNCH (Lunch will not be provided. There is a cafeteria on the 3rd floor of this building.)

Session 2—Marmosets as Research Models

1:30PM Using Marmosets in Biomedical Research Session Moderator:
MARINA EMBORG, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center
Objectives:
In order to showcase the versatility of marmosets as animal models, panelists will use examples of different research questions to discuss
  • Aging research with marmosets
  • Marmoset-based infectious disease research under biocontainment conditions
  • The development of marmoset-based neuroscience models
  • Genomic editing in marmosets
  • Using behavioral tests (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and neuroimaging analysis for model verification
Speakers:
CORINNA ROSS, Texas A&M University, San Antonio
JEAN PATTERSON, Texas Biomedical Research Institute
JAN LANGERMANS, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, The Netherlands
ERIKA SASAKI
AFONSO SILVA, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Q&A with the audience
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
3:30PM COFFEE BREAK
3:45PM Ethical Considerations Regarding the Use of Marmosets in Research Session Overview:
ERIC HUTCHINSON, Johns Hopkins University
Objectives:
  • Discuss the ethics of genetically modifying the marmoset, a nonhuman primate
  • Analyze the ethical imperative of being cognizant of your knowledge before starting research with marmosets (small colonies; transport; stress)
Speakers:
ADAM SHRIVER, Oxford University, United Kingdom
STEVEN NIEMI, Harvard University
4:45PM Facilitated Discussion with the Audience Session Leader:
ERIC HUTCHINSON
5:30PM End of Day 1
TUESDAY, October 23, 2018, Keck 100
8:15AM Opening of Day 2 and Recap of Day 1 SAVERIO CAPUANO
8:30AM Highlights of the workshop on Transgenic and Chimeric Neuroscience Research: Exploring the Scientific Opportunities Afforded by New Nonhuman Primate Models MARINA EMBORG

Session 3—Marmoset Husbandry

8:45AM Select Topics in Marmoset Husbandry Session Moderator:
JACO BAKKER, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, The Netherlands
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
Objectives:
  • Highlight marmosets’ nutritional needs and daily dietary management
  • Provide an overview of marmoset-specific behavior and enrichment
  • Discuss marmosets’ reproductive cycle and ways of controlling it
  • Present basic elements of specific pathogen free marmoset colonies
  • Explore options for harmonization of marmoset husbandry from a global perspective
Speakers:
MICHAEL POWER, Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute
NANCY CAINE, California State University, San Marcos
DAVID ABBOTT, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center
TAKASHI INOUE, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Japan
JACO BAKKER
10:25AM Facilitated Discussion with the Audience Session Leaders:
JACO BAKKER SUZETTE TARDIF
There is considerable variation in the husbandry and management of marmosets. Such variation may impede efficient and effective use of this species as a research model and may lead to irreproducible studies.
  • What are the areas of management that are most likely to vary and have the potential to affect animal welfare?
  • What are the areas of management that are most likely to vary and have the potential to affect study outcomes?
  • What mechanisms can we use to gather information on this variation and assess its effects?
  • How do we encourage evidence-based decision-making regarding husbandry and management?
  • How do we best disseminate such evidence-based management information to the broader community?
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
12:00PM LUNCH (Lunch will not be provided. There is a cafeteria on the 3rd floor of this building.)

Session 4—Marmoset Veterinary/Clinical Care

1:00PM Select Topics in Marmoset Veterinary Care Session Moderator:
ERIC HUTCHINSON
Objectives:
  • Provide a framework for an overall health management of marmoset colonies
  • Discuss common clinical presentations in and treatments for marmosets
  • Provide an overview of basic elements of anesthesia and analgesia for marmosets
  • Present basic facts and practical aspects of marmoset reproduction
  • Discuss key features of marmoset pathology
Speakers:
CASEY FITZ, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center
JESSICA IZZI, Johns Hopkins University
ANNA GOODROE, University of Houston
MONIKA BURNS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
KEITH MANSFIELD, Novartis
2:40PM Facilitated Discussion with the Audience Session Leader:
ERIC HUTCHINSON

Session 5—Improving Research Practices That Depend on the Use of Marmosets: Key Messages and Future Actions

4:00PM Closing Session—Improving Research Practices That Depend on the Use of Marmosets: Key Messages and Future Actions Session Leaders:
SAVERIO CAPUANO JAMES FOX
4:30–4:45PM Workshop Adjourns
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
Page 87
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
Page 88
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
Page 89
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
Page 90
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
Page 91
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
Page 92
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
Page 93
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Workshop Agenda." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25356.
×
Page 94
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Care, Use, and Welfare of Marmosets as Animal Models for Gene Editing-Based Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop Get This Book
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The marmoset, a type of small monkey native to South America, is a research model of increasing importance for biomedical research in the United States and globally. Marmosets offer a range of advantages as animal models in neuroscience, aging, infectious diseases, and other fields of study. They may be particularly useful for the development of new disease models using genetic engineering and assisted reproductive technologies. However, concerns have been voiced with respect to the development of new marmoset-based models of disease, ethical considerations for their use, the supply of marmosets available for research, and gaps in guidance for their care and management.

To explore and address these concerns, the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use hosted a public workshop on October 22-23, 2018, in Washington, DC. The workshop focused on the availability of marmosets in the United States and abroad; animal welfare and ethical considerations stemming from the use of wildtype and genetically modified marmosets; and standards of housing and care, dietary needs, and feeding requirements for marmosets in captivity. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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