Economic and Social Sustainability at Airports (2019)

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Conference Proceedings on the Web 23 Economic and Social Sustainability at Airports Proceedings of an ACRP Insight Event Mary Vigilante Synergy Consultants, Inc. Rapporteur May 7–8, 2018 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Washington, D.C. Organized by the Transportation Research Board Washington, DC 2019 www.TRB.org

Conference Proceedings on the Web 23 Transportation Research Board (TRB) publications are available by ordering individual publications directly from the TRB Business Office, through the Internet at www.TRB.org or national-academies.org/trb, or by annual subscription through organizational or individual affiliation with TRB. Affiliates and library subscribers are eligible for substantial discounts. For further information, contact the Transportation Research Board Business Office, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001 (telephone 202-334-3213; fax 202-334-2519; or e-mail TRBsales@nas.edu).NOTICE: This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to the procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the project were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. This conference was organized through TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) and sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. © 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Suggested citation: Transportation Research Board. Conference Proceedings on the Web 23: Economic and Social Sustainability of Airports. Proceedings of an ACRP Insight Event, May 7–8, 2018. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2019.

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Planning Committee for the ACRP Insight Event Carol Lurie, VHB, Chair Prabh K. Banga, Toronto Pearson International Airport Kurt Gering, San Diego County Regional Airport Authority Steve Mayers, Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport Natalie Mindrum, United Airlines Ethan Nelson, City of Eugene Ann Richart, Martha's Vineyard Airport Meghna Tare, University of Texas–Austin Liaisons Alina Baciu, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Transportation Research Board Staff Joseph D. Navarrete, Senior Program Officer Hana Vagnerova, Senior Program Assistant Publications Staff for Conference Proceedings on the Web 23 Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Natalie Barnes, Associate Director of Publications Ann E. Petty, Senior Editor Jennifer Correro, Assistant Editor

TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2019 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE* OFFICERS Chair: Victoria A. Arroyo, Executive Director, Georgetown Climate Center; Assistant Dean, Centers and Institutes; and Professor and Director, Environmental Law Program, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. ViCe Chair: Leslie S. Richards, Secretary, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Harrisburg exeCutiVe DireCtor: Neil J. Pedersen, Transportation Research Board MEMBERS Michael F. Ableson, Vice President, Global Strategy, General Motors Company, Detroit, MI Carlos M. Braceras, Executive Director, Utah Department of Transportation, Salt Lake City Ginger Evans, President, Tower Consulting, LLC, Arlington, VA Nuria I. Fernandez, General Manager/CEO, Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, San Jose, CA Nathaniel P. Ford, Sr., Executive Director–CEO, Jacksonville Transportation Authority, Jacksonville, FL A. Stewart Fotheringham, Professor, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe Susan Hanson, Distinguished University Professor Emerita, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA Stephen W. Hargarten, Professor, Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Chris T. Hendrickson, Hamerschlag University Professor of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA S. Jack Hu, Vice President for Research and J. Reid and Polly Anderson Professor of Manufacturing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Roger B. Huff, President, HGLC, LLC, Farmington Hills, MI Ashby Johnson, Executive Director, Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO), Austin, TX Geraldine Knatz, Professor, Sol Price School of Public Policy, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles William Kruger, Vice President, UPS Freight for Fleet Maintenance and Engineering, Richmond, VA Michael R. McClellan, Vice President, Strategic and Network Planning, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, VA Patrick K. McKenna, Director, Missouri Department of Transportation, Jefferson City Brian Ness, Director, Idaho Transportation Department, Boise Susan A. Shaheen, Adjunct Professor, Co-Director, Transportation Sustainability Research Center, University of California, Berkeley James M. Tien, Distinguished Professor and Dean Emeritus, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL Shawn Wilson, Secretary, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Baton Rouge EX OFFICIO MEMBERS Ronald Batory, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation Michael R. Berube, Acting Assistant Secretary for Sustainable Transportation, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Mark H. Buzby (Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy), Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation Steven Cliff, Deputy Executive Officer, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento Edward N. Comstock, Independent Naval Architect, Sunbury, MD Howard R. Elliott, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation Daniel K. Elwell, Acting Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation LeRoy Gishi, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior, Germantown, MD John T. Gray II, Senior Vice President, Policy and Economics, Association of American Railroads, Washington, D.C. Brandye Hendrickson, Deputy Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation Nikola Ivanov, Director of Operations, Center for Advanced Transportation Technology Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park, and Chair, TRB Young Members Council Heidi King, Deputy Administrator and Acting Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. Raymond Martinez, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Washington, D.C. Keith Nelson, Senior Advisor to the Secretary, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, U.S. Department of Transportation Craig A. Rutland, U.S. Air Force Pavement Engineer, U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL Karl Simon, Director, Transportation and Climate Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Paul Skoutelas, President and CEO, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, D.C. Scott A. Spellmon (Major General, U.S. Army), Deputy Commanding General for Civil and Emergency Operations, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Katherine F. Turnbull, Executive Associate Director and Research Scientist, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station Jim Tymon, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. K. Jane Williams, Acting Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation Paul Zukunft (Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C. * Membership as of February 2019.

Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................... ix Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ xi Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Setting the Social Stage ........................................................................................................... 3 Steve Nakana, Port of Portland, Oregon Setting the Economic Stage ..................................................................................................... 5 Ted Howard, Democracy Collaborative Keynote Address: Airports’ Role in Mitigating Human Trafficking ............................................ 7 Davina Durgana, Walk Free Foundation Interactive Breakout Discussions Day 1 ................................................................................... 8 Local and Regional Economic Impacts ........................................................................................................................ 8 Mike Brow, Greater Toronto Airport Authority Tenants, Concessions, and Service Providers ............................................................................................................ 8 Cindy Nichol, Port of Portland, Oregon Passenger and Customer Considerations ..................................................................................................................... 9 Steve Mayers, Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport Metric Reporting and Administrative Issues .............................................................................................................. 9 Alyson Genovese, Gloval Reporting Initiative Open Mic: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly ............................................................................ 8 Kurt Gering, San Diego County Regional Airport Authority Interactive Breakout Discussions Day 2 ................................................................................... 9 Local and Global Social Impacts ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Steve Nakana, Port of Portland, Oregon Surrounding Community Considerations .................................................................................................................... 9 Kurt Gering, San Diego County Regional Airport Authority Employee Considerations ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Steve Mayers, Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport

Keynote Address: Airport Economic Challenges and Innovative Development ...................... 11 Stephen Van Beek, Steer Davies Gleave Wrap-Up ....................................... ………………….……………………………………………………………………12 Mary Vigilant, Synergy Consultants, Inc. Appendix A: Program Agenda ................................................................................................ 16 Appendix B: List of Registrants .............................................................................................. 19

ix Preface In 2015, the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) determined that the airport industry would benefit from a deeper understanding and dialog on certain challenges even if an immediate solution would not be practical. ACRP Project 11-08, ACRP Insight Events, is responsible for convening airport industry leaders and subject matter experts (SMEs) in various fields to encourage discussion and promote broader and deeper insight on topics of significance to airport operators. Consistent with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies) definition of a convening event, an ACRP Insight Event is intended to create a communal environment that fosters dialogue across sectors, institutions, and industries. As part of this series, ACRP Project 11-08/16-02 organized the Insight Event “Economic and Social Sustainability at Airports,” which took place May 7–8, 2018, at the Keck Center in Washington, D.C. A planning committee, noted above, was appointed on the basis of individuals’ knowledge and experience relevant to economic and social sustainability issues. The planning committee’s expertise and support are gratefully acknowledged. The event included plenary sessions on social sustainability, economic sustainability, keynotes on mitigating human trafficking and innovative development at airports, and interactive breakout discussions delving into myriad social and economic sustainability topics. This proceedings of an ACRP Insight Event prepared by Mary Vigilante, Synergy Consultants, Inc., the rapporteur, is a compilation of the presentations (available at: http://www.trb.org/ACRP/ACRP-Insight-Event-Economic-Social-Sustainability.aspx) and a factual summary of the ensuing discussions at the event. The planning committee was responsible solely for organization of the Insight Event, identification of speakers, and coordination of activities during the event. The views in the proceedings are those of individual Insight Event participants and do not necessarily represent the views of all participants, the planning committee, the Transportation Research Board (TRB), or the National Academies. This proceedings has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purposes of this independent review are to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for clarity, objectivity, and responsiveness to the project charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. TRB thanks the following individuals for their review of this proceedings: Prabh K. Banga, Greater Toronto Airports Authority; Daniel P. Bartholomew, Reno–Tahoe Airport Authority; Emily Conway, Dallas–Fort Worth Airport; and Rhona DiCamillo, DKMG Consulting, LLC. Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the proceedings before its release. The

x review of this proceedings was overseen by Susan Hanson of Clark University (emerita). Appointed by the National Academies, she was responsible for ensuring that an independent examination of this proceedings was performed in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the author and the institution.

xi Abbreviations ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ATL Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport FAA Federal Aviation Administration GRI Global Reporting Initiative ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives MSP Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport NAS National Academies National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine PDX Portland International Airport STAR sustainability tracking, assessment, and rating TNC transportation network company TRB Transportation Research Board YVR Vancouver International Airport