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Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions (2019)

Chapter: Chapter 3 - Supply Chains and Resilience: Stakeholder Roles

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Page 124
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - Supply Chains and Resilience: Stakeholder Roles." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25463.
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Page 124
Page 125
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - Supply Chains and Resilience: Stakeholder Roles." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25463.
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Page 125

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

124 Contents Guidance for Stakeholders to Mitigate and Adapt to Disruptions to Supply Chains 125  Introduction 125  Supply Chains and Resilience: Definitions 126  Supply Chains and Resilience: Stakeholder roles 129  Characteristics of Disruptions 130  Advance Notification ................................................................................................................................ 131  Disruption Impact –Geographic Scope .................................................................................................... 131  Disruption Impact - Level of Loss ............................................................................................................ 131  Disruption Classification .......................................................................................................................... 132  Framework for Making Supply Chains More Resilient 133  Strategies for Enhancing Supply Chain/Transportation System Resilience 144  Bringing It Together 153 

125 GUIDANCE FOR STAKEHOLDERS TO MITIGATE AND ADAPT TO DISRUPTIONS TO SUPPLY CHAINS INTRODUCTION Headlines throughout the world often highlight one of the new realities of today’s world—extreme weather is affecting the performance of the nation’s transportation system. Such nature-related disruptions are not new, but the frequency and magnitude of weather events continue to set records each year. In addition, several well-publicized terrorist and cyberattacks against transportation agencies and firms over the past several years illustrate how vulnerable the owners and operators of transportation systems are to man-made disruptions. Given the intermodally connected nature of the transportation system, disruptions to one part of a network often have a domino effect across the entire modal network and ultimately to the much broader transportation system. In addition, the cascading effects of transportation disruptions to other sectors such as public health, agriculture, and social services can create serious consequences beyond just the transportation sector. A range of economic activities (e.g., manufacturing) depend on this freight transportation system to supply needed resources and to distribute final products along a supply chain that often crosses continents and oceans, includes a multitude of stakeholders and is dependent on many different entities for the infrastructure and services needed to complete the necessary transactions. Disruptions and their aftermath can have serious implications for both public agencies and firms. For public agencies, expeditious supply chain recovery means the companies and households that depend on the delivery of goods will receive what they need to continue functioning. Given that the transportation system is often viewed as a "means to an end" (or in technical terms, a derived demand), creating a resilient system helps achieve the public transportation agency's role of providing mobility and accessibility. In addition, there are many examples of where transportation agencies were blamed for perceived inadequate response to disruptive events. Enhancing system resilience is thus an important concern to public officials for the credibility and image of the agency itself. For companies and firms, concerns can include a range of issues, including ensuring employee safety, supporting local community health, maintaining customer relationships whose products and goods are being delayed, and ultimately preserving the financial standing of the firm. As noted in a supply chain journal, "In today’s increasingly dynamic and turbulent world, one where the supply chain plays an increasingly more important role, numerous events occur each day that threaten to disrupt operations and jeopardize the ability to perform effectively and efficiently. These events include natural and man-made disasters such as equipment failures, fires, labor disputes, supplier defaults, political instability, and terrorist attacks. Each can have devastating effects on a firm. Such disruptions reinforce the insights that not only can supply chain disruptions affect operations; they often result in financial damage well beyond the immediate operational impacts".1 The purpose of this guidance is to recommend actions to key public and private stakeholders in the supply chain to mitigate and adapt to logistical disruptions with the overall aim of enhancing freight transportation system resilience. The target audiences include decision makers from freight carriers and shippers, state transportation agencies, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), freight advisory councils and other organizations interested in a resilient, sustainable and robust multimodal freight transportation system. This project is particularly important and timely given the recent emphasis on freight transportation and system resiliency in the transportation and logistics fields. 1 Melnyk, S., D. Closs, S. Griffis, C. Zobel, and J. Macdonald. 2014. "Understanding Supply Chain Resilience." Supply Chain Management Review," http://www.scmr.com/article/understanding_supply_chain_resilience

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Guidance to public and private stakeholders on mitigating and adapting to logistical disruptions to supply chains resulting from regional, multi-regional, and national adverse events, both unanticipated and anticipated, is provided in NCFRP (National Cooperative Freight Research Program) Research Report 39: Freight Transportation Resilience in Response to Supply Chain Disruptions.

The report makes a significant contribution to the body of knowledge on freight transportation and system resiliency and also includes a self-assessment tool that allows users to identify the current capability of their organization and institutional collaboration in preparing for and responding to supply chain disruptions.

Disruptions to the supply chain and their aftermath can have serious implications for both public agencies and companies. When significant cargo delays or diversions occur, the issues facing the public sector can be profound. Agencies must gauge the potential impact of adverse events on their transportation system, economy, community, and the resources necessary for preventive and remedial actions, even though the emergency could be thousands of miles away.

Increasing temporary or short-term cargo-handling capacity may involve a combination of regulatory, informational, and physical infrastructure actions, as well as coordination across jurisdictional boundaries and between transportation providers and their customers. For companies, concerns can include such issues as ensuring employee safety, supporting local community health, maintaining customer relationships when products and goods are delayed, and ultimately preserving the financial standing of the company.

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