Emerging Technologies for Construction Delivery (2019)

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90 A list of state DOTs responding to the survey (n = 41) follows: • Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New York • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Washington State • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming Figure B-1 displays the result to the question “Has your agency implemented the use of the following emerging technologies during construction of highway projects?” Forty-one state DOTs responded to this question. A P P E N D I X B Aggregated Survey Results 63% 44% 66% 76% 59% 22% 24% 17% 10% 24% 15% 32% 17% 15% 17% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Visualization & Modeling Interconnected Technologies Safety Technologies Instrumentation and Sensors Unmanned Aircraft Systems Implemented Considering Implementation Not implementing Figure B-1. Implementation of technologies by state DOTs (n = 41).

Aggregated Survey Results 91 Figure B-2 displays the result to the question “What type of construction projects benefit from the use of the five technologies?” The responses include the states that are implementing the technologies and does not include the states considering or not implementing the technology. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Bridges Paving Drainage Earthwork / grading Utilities Non-bridge structures Other Pe rc en t o f D O T Re sp on se s Visualization & Modeling Interconnected Vehicles/Equipment/Tools Safety Instrumentation UAS Figure B-2. Types of work and technologies used by state DOTs. Figure B-3 shows the responses to the question “Which of the following visualization and modeling technologies have been implemented to deliver highway construction projects at your agency?” 63% 40% 31% 17% 11% 11% 6% 3% 3% 23% 11% 3% 9% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 LiDAR Building information modeling Bridge information modeling Civil integrated management Virtual prototyping Virtual reality Augmented reality Wearable devices 3-D printing N um be r o f D O T Re sp on se s Already implemented Considering implementation Figure B-3. Visualization and modeling implemented by state DOTs (n = 35).

92 Emerging Technologies for Construction Delivery The respondents that mentioned using visualization and modeling technologies were asked, “How are visualization and modeling technologies used to deliver highway construction projects at your agency?” Figure B-4 shows the consolidated results to the question. 81% 38% 38% 38% 35% 31% 31% 27% 31% 27% 8% 8% 8% 8% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 6% 6% 3% 0 5 10 15 20 25 N um be r o f D O T Re sp on se s Already Implemented Considering Implementation Figure B-4. Visualization and modeling uses for highway project delivery (n = 35). The respondents that already implemented visualization and modeling technologies were asked, “How frequently are visualization and modeling technologies used for highway construc- tion delivery at your agency?” Figure B-5 shows the responses. 88% 4% 8% Specific projects None currently Not sure Figure B-5. Frequency in using visualization and modeling technologies (n = 35).

Aggregated Survey Results 93 Figure B-6 provides the state DOT responses to who is using visualization and modeling for highway project delivery. DOT agency Contractor Construction manager Subcontractor Vendor Program manager Manufacturer Fabricator 29% 23%13% 10% 7% 11% 3% 4% Figure B-6. Stakeholders using visualization and modeling technologies. Figure B-7 illustrates the state DOT responses to the question “Which of the following inter- connected vehicles, equipment, and tools have been implemented to deliver highway construc- tion projects at your agency?” 52% 48% 19% 11% 4% 4% 4% 19% 15% 4% 7% 7% 0 5 10 15 20 25 Paving equipment Earthwork equipment Agency vehicles Delivery vehicles Haul vehicles Handheld tools Remote controlled equipment N um be r o f D O T Re sp on se s Already implemented Considering implementation Figure B-7. Interconnected technologies implemented in vehicles, equipment, and tools by state DOTs (n = 27).

94 Emerging Technologies for Construction Delivery The respondents that mentioned using interconnected vehicle technologies were asked, “How are interconnected vehicles, equipment, and tools used for delivery of highway construction projects at your agency?” Figure B-8 shows the consolidated results to the question. 43% 26% 19% 11% 11% 11% 11% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 7% 19% 15% 7% 4% 4% 4% 7% 4% 4% 4% 4% 0 5 10 15 20 N um be r o f D O T Re sp on se s Already Implemented Considering Implementation Figure B-8. Interconnected technologies uses for highway project delivery (n = 27). 70% 19% 11% Specific projects None currently Not sure Figure B-9. Frequency in the use of interconnected technologies (n = 27). The respondents were to answer “How frequently are interconnected vehicles, equipment, and handheld tools used for highway construction delivery at your agency?” Figure B-9 shows the responses.

Aggregated Survey Results 95 11% 41% 11% 23% 7% 2% 5% DOT agency Contractor Construction manager Subcontractor Vendor Program manager Manufacturer Fabricator Figure B-10. Stakeholders using interconnected technologies 56% 56% 53% 37% 24% 21% 21% 18% 18% 15% 6% 6% 3% 3% 3% 3% 15% 12% 6% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 0 5 10 15 20 25 N um be r o f D O T Re sp on se s Already implemented Considering implementation Figure B-11. Safety technologies implemented by state DOTs (n = 34.) Figure B-10 shows the responses to who is using interconnected technologies for highway project delivery. Figure B-11 shows the responses to the question, “Which of the following safety technologies have been used on highway construction projects at your agency?”

96 Emerging Technologies for Construction Delivery Figure B-12 shows results to the question “How are visualization and modeling technologies used to deliver highway construction projects at your agency?” 92% 92% 50% 46% 42% 35% 27% 12% 15% 12% 12% 3% 3% 3% 9% 3% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Work zone traffic management Work zone information for motorists Accident avoidance Enhanced protection for workers Removing workers from harm's way Work zone intrusion detection Incident tracking QA/QC N um be r o f D O T Re sp on se s Already implemented Considering implementation Figure B-12. Safety technologies uses for highway project delivery (n = 34). The respondents were asked, “How frequently are safety technologies used for highway construction delivery at your agency.” Figure B-13 shows the responses. 15% 71% 13% All projects Specific projects Not sure Figure B-13. Frequency in using safety technologies (n = 34).

Aggregated Survey Results 97 Figure B-14 provides the responses to who is using safety technologies for highway project delivery. 25% 30%11% 17% 6% 1% 4% 6% DOT agency Contractor Construction manager Subcontractor Vendor Program manager Manufacturer Fabricator Figure B-14. Stakeholders using safety technologies. Figure B-15 shows the responses to the question “Which of the following instrumentation technologies have been used for highway construction projects at your agency?” 66% 57% 54% 43% 40% 6% 3% 3% 6% 6% 3% 3% 3% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Remote sensing Structural integrity sensors A/V & CCTV Sensors for measuring specifications Environmental sensors Infrared sensors RFID N um be r o f D O T re sp on se s Considering implementation Already implemented Figure B-15. Instrumentation and sensors implemented by state DOTs (n = 34).

98 Emerging Technologies for Construction Delivery Figure B-16 shows results to the question “How are instrumentation technologies used for delivery of highway construction projects at your agency?” 77% 63% 60% 50% 33% 33% 33% 30% 20% 10% 10% 6% 6% 3% 3% 6% 3% 3% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Monitoring work progress QA/QC Inspections Evaluating structural forces Identify optimal conditions Recording placement of work Verify design during construction Location of utilities Location of materials Project controls Evaluating boundary conditions N um be r o f D O T Re sp on se s Already implemented Considering implementation Figure B-16. Instrumentation and sensors technologies uses for highway project delivery (n = 34). The respondents were then asked, “How frequently are instrumentation technologies used for highway construction delivery at your agency?” Figure B-17 shows the responses. 69% 14% 17% Specific projects All projects Not sure Figure B-17. Frequency in using instrumentation and sensors technologies (n = 35).

Aggregated Survey Results 99 Figure B-18 provides the responses to who is using instrumentation and sensors for highway project delivery. 29% 23% 13% 15% 6% 4% 4% 6% DOT agency Contractor Construction manager Subcontractor Vendor Program manager Manufacturer Fabricator Figure B-18. Stakeholders using instrumentation and sensors technologies. Figure B-19 shows the cumulative responses to the question “How are UASs used for delivery of highway construction projects at your agency?” 50% 38% 32% 32% 16% 16% 8% 8% 4% 4% 4% 4% 6% 6% 9% 6% 6% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 0 5 10 15 N um be r o f D O T Re sp on se s Already implemented Considering implementation Figure B-19. UASs uses for highway project delivery (n = 34).

100 Emerging Technologies for Construction Delivery The respondents were to answer “How frequently are UASs used for highway construction delivery at your agency?” Figure B-20 shows the responses. 65% 21% 15% Specific projects None currently Not sure Figure B-20. Frequency in using UASs (n = 34). Figure B-21 shows the responses to who is using UASs for highway project delivery. 30% 30% 11% 13% 11% 3% 2% DOT agency Contractor Construction manager Subcontractor Vendor Program manager Manufacturer Fabricator Figure B-21. Stakeholders using UASs.