ACRP Web-Only Document 41: Alternative Jet Fuels Emissions: Quantification Methods Creation and Validation Report (2019)

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Emissions Quantification Methodology Report: ACRP 02-80 Quantifying Emissions Reductions at Airports from the Use of Alternative Jet Fuel Emissions Quantification Methodology Report Page 3 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6 2.0 Emissions Impact Quantification Methodology .......................................................................... 7 3.0 Summary of Results ...................................................................................................................... 9 4.0 Pollutant-Specific Analysis ........................................................................................................... 12 4.1 SOx ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 nvPM Number .................................................................................................................................................. 15 4.3 nvPM Mass ........................................................................................................................................................ 20 4.4 NOx .................................................................................................................................................................... 24 4.5 CO ...................................................................................................................................................................... 29 4.6 UHC ................................................................................................................................................................... 33 4.7 HAPs .................................................................................................................................................................. 38 5.0 Airport Emission Inventory Impact Analysis ............................................................................. 43 6.0 Guidance to Use SAJF Impact Factors for Emissions Inventory and Dispersion Modeling at Airports .................................................................................................................. 44 6.1 Guidance to Account for SAJF Impacts on Airport Emissions Inventory ............................................ 44 6.2 Instructions to Segregate Piston and Non-Piston Aircraft Operations in AEDT ................................ 45 6.3 Guidance to Account for Impact of SAJF on Emission Dispersion at Airports .................................. 50 6.3.1 Guidance to Account for Impact of SAJF on Emission Dispersion at Airports with Only Non-Piston Operations ................................................................................................................... 51 6.3.2 Guidance to Account for Impact of SAJF on Emission Dispersion at Airports with Piston and Non-Piston Operations ......................................................................................................... 52 7.0 Tabulation of All Available Emissions Data. .............................................................................. 55 8.0 Instructions to Use the Alternative Jet Fuel Assessment Tool ................................................... 62 References ............................................................................................................................................ 65

Emissions Quantification Methodology Report: ACRP 02-80 Quantifying Emissions Reductions at Airports from the Use of Alternative Jet Fuel Emissions Quantification Methodology Report Page 4 List of Figures Figure 1: Emissions reductions at 5% and 50% SAJF blends for CO, SOx, nvPM (mass) and nvPM (#). ...... 10 Figure 2: Δf_EIn data and uncertainty weighted quadratic function fit ..................................................... 18 Figure 3: Δf_EIm data and uncertainty weighted quadratic function fit .................................................... 23 Figure 4: Δf_EINOx, Avg vs blend% and associated uncertainties ............................................................... 27 Figure 5: NOx impacts vs. blend%. Blue circles represent original data; orange line gives functional fit. . 28 Figure 6: CO impact vs. blend% .................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 7: CO impact vs. blend% with linear fit ............................................................................................ 32 Figure 8: UHC impact vs. blend% ................................................................................................................ 36 Figure 9: UHC impact vs. blend% with its functional fit .............................................................................. 37 Figure 10: HAPs impact factors vs. blend% ................................................................................................. 40 Figure 11: HAPs impact vs. blend% ............................................................................................................. 41 Figure 12: Potential Reduction in Emission of Pollutant Species................................................................ 43 Figure 13: Overview of the process to compute the impact of SAJF on airport emissions inventory ........ 45 Figure 14: Example of an operations list with piston aircraft have “User ID” starting with a “P” and non- piston with “NP” ......................................................................................................................................... 46 Figure 15: Example showing the use of “User ID” filter to select and group piston and non-piston aircraft operations ................................................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 16: Example showing method to drag selected operations to the corresponding operations group .................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 17: Example showing method to drag operations group to the Root annualization ...................... 48 Figure 18: Screenshot showing the annualization created ......................................................................... 49 Figure 19: Example showing method to generate emission inventory report for each operations group 49 Figure 20: Example showing results for piston aircraft operation group ................................................... 50 Figure 21: Example showing results for non-piston aircraft operation group............................................ 50 Figure 22: Home page of the Alternative Jet Fuel Assessment Tool .......................................................... 62 Figure 23: Layout of the Inputs page for Option 1...................................................................................... 62 Figure 24: Example of an error message when required input information is missing .............................. 63 Figure 25: Layout of Inputs page for Option 2 ............................................................................................ 63 Figure 26: Layout of the Results page ......................................................................................................... 64

Emissions Quantification Methodology Report: ACRP 02-80 Quantifying Emissions Reductions at Airports from the Use of Alternative Jet Fuel Emissions Quantification Methodology Report Page 5 List of Tables Table 1: Quantification functions, impact factors and their associated uncertainties ................................. 9 Table 2: Definitions for terms used in Table 1 ............................................................................................ 10 Table 3: The SOx emissions impact spreadsheet ......................................................................................... 12 Table 4: nvPM Number Emissions Impact Spreadsheet ............................................................................. 16 Table 5: nvPM impact factor analysis ......................................................................................................... 18 Table 6: Δf_EInavg, weight, Δf_EInfit, and associated Error Ratio ..................................................................... 20 Table 7: nvPM Mass Emissions Data ........................................................................................................... 22 Table 8: nvPM Mass Impact Factor Analysis ............................................................................................... 23 Table 9: Δfavg, weight, Δf_EImfit, and associated Error Ratio ........................................................................... 24 Table 10: NOx Emissions Impact Spreadsheet ............................................................................................ 25 Table 11: NOx impact factors vs. blend% .................................................................................................... 26 Table 12: Δf_EINOx-Avg, Δf_EINOx, fit and associated Error Ratio ...................................................................... 28 Table 13: CO Emissions Impact Spreadsheet .............................................................................................. 30 Table 14: CO impact factors for selected blend%, with uncertainty .......................................................... 30 Table 15: Δf_EICO_Avg, Δf_EICO_fit and associated Error Ratio ........................................................................ 32 Table 16: UHC Spreadsheet ........................................................................................................................ 34 Table 17: UHC impact factors for selected blend%s, with uncertainty ...................................................... 36 Table 18: Δf_EIUHC_Avg, Δf_EIUHC_fit and associated Error Ratio ..................................................................... 37 Table 19: HAPs Spreadsheet ....................................................................................................................... 39 Table 20: HAPs impact factors vs. blend% .................................................................................................. 40 Table 21: Δf_EIHAPs_Avg, Δf_EIHAPs_fit and associated Error Ratio ................................................................... 41 Table 22: Alternative fuel impact on SOx emissions ................................................................................... 55 Table 23: Alternative fuel impact on PM2.5 emissions .............................................................................. 55 Table 24: Alternative fuel impact on CO emissions .................................................................................... 56 Table 25: Alternative fuel impact on UHC emissions .................................................................................. 57 Table 26: Alternative fuel impacts on NOx emissions ................................................................................. 58 Table 27: Alternative fuel impact on HAP emissions .................................................................................. 60