Appendix A
Literature Search Strategy
A professional research librarian from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a comprehensive literature search for this study based on the statement of task and reference interviews with program staff to identify relevant research on optimal adolescent health. Electronic literature searches of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2009 and 2019 were conducted in the following electronic bibliographic databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Campbell Collaboration Library, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The inclusion/exclusion criteria for the search are shown in Table A-1.
The search terms were adapted to each database, and separate searches were conducted around the different domains of optimal adolescent health. Generally, three blocks of terms were used: one describing the sample or population of interest (e.g., teens, adolescents), one describing the optimal adolescent health domain or subdomain of interest (e.g., sexual risk behavior, pregnancy), and one identifying meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Table A-2 lists the literature search topics; Table A-3 provides the search terms used; and Table A-4 gives an example of search term combinations from the search of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
TABLE A-1 Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
| Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
|---|---|
| Publication year: 2009–present | Publication year: Before 2009 |
| Available in English: Yes | Unavailable in English |
| Peer-reviewed articles: Yes | Publications other than peer-reviewed articles |
| Age range: 10–19 | Age range: other than 10–19 |
TABLE A-2 Search Topics
| Topic | Date | Literature | Date Range | Databases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical Health
|
04/15/2019 | Systematic Reviews, Meta-analysis | 2009-Present | Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Campbell Collaboration Library, PubMed, and PsycINFO |
| Emotional Health | 05/07/2019 | Systematic Reviews, Meta-analysis | 2009-Present | Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Campbell Collaboration Library, PubMed, and PsycINFO |
| Social Health | 05/07/2019 | Systematic Reviews, Meta-analysis | 2009-Present | Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Campbell Collaboration Library, PubMed, and PsycINFO |
| Spiritual Health | 05/07/2019 | Systematic Reviews, Meta-analysis | 2009-Present | Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Campbell Collaboration Library, PubMed, and PsycINFO |
| Intellectual Health | 05/07/2019 | Systematic Reviews, Meta-analysis | 2009-Present | Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Campbell Collaboration Library, PubMed, and PsycINFO |
TABLE A-3 Search Terms
| Preliminary Terms | Indexing Terms |
|---|---|
|
1. Teenagers
1.1 adolescent 1.2 age range: 10 to 19 1.3 teen 1.4 teenager |
adolescent (MeSH) |
| KEYWORDS adolescent teen teenager youth |
|
|
2. Teenage Pregnancy
2.1 abstinence 2.2 comprehensive sexual education 2.3 youth development 2.4 teenage pregnancy prevention |
sexual abstinence (MeSH)
sex education (MeSH) pregnancy in adolescence/prevention & control (MeSH) |
| KEYWORDS celibacy comprehensive sexual education youth development adolescent pregnancy prevention teen pregnancy prevention teenage pregnancy prevention |
|
|
3. Reproductive Health
3.1 contraception 3.2 STI screening and treatment 3.3 healthy pregnancy care and services 3.4 hpv vaccination 3.5 general preventive healthcare |
contraception (MeSH)
sexually transmitted diseases/prevention & control (MeSH) sexually transmitted diseases/therapy (MeSH) pregnancy in adolescence (MeSH) adolescent health services (MeSH) health services (MeSH) papillomavirus vaccines (MeSH) preventive health services (MeSH) preventive medicine (MeSH) |
| KEYWORDS hpv vaccines human papilloma virus vaccines |
|
TABLE A-3 Continued
| Preliminary Terms | Indexing Terms |
|---|---|
|
4. Substance Use Prevention
4.1 alcohol 4.2 tobacco 4.2.1 e-cigarettes 4.3 illicit drugs 4.3.1 cannabis |
alcohol drinking/prevention & control (MeSH)
binge drinking/prevention & control (MeSH) underage drinking/prevention & control (MeSH) alcohol abstinence (MeSH) temperance (MeSH) cigarette smoking/prevention & control (MeSH) smoking/prevention & control (MeSH) vaping/prevention & control (MeSH) anti-smoking campaign (MeSH) anti-smoking education (MeSH) smoking cessation (MeSH) smoking prevention (MeSH) tobacco use cessation (MeSH) marijuana smoking/prevention & control (MeSH) street drugs/prevention & control (MeSH) substance-related disorders/prevention & control (MeSH) risk reduction behavior (MeSH) |
|
KEYWORDS
teenage drinking smoking vaping cannabis smoking drug abuse drug addiction illicit drugs recreational drugs substance abuse |
|
|
5. Emotional Health
5.1 resilience 5.2 mental health 5.3 emotion regulation 5.4 self-regulation 5.5 stress management |
mental health (MeSH)
relaxation therapy (MeSH) |
| KEYWORDS emotional well-being psychological well-being social well-being mental hygiene mental health emotional resilience emotional self-regulation emotion regulation stress management |
|
TABLE A-3 Continued
| Preliminary Terms | Indexing Terms |
|---|---|
|
6. Social Health
6.1 social emotional learning 6.2 conflict resolution 6.3 assertiveness 6.4 social skills |
social learning (MeSH) assertiveness (MeSH) negotiating (MeSH) social skills (MeSH) |
| KEYWORDS social health social and emotional learning conflict resolution mediation interpersonal skills social abilities social competence |
|
|
7. Intellectual Health
7.1 academic achievement 7.2 afterschool 7.3 academic performance 7.4 learning 7.5 mentoring |
academic success (MeSH) academic performance (MeSH) achievement (MeSH) learning (MeSH) mentoring (MeSH) |
| KEYWORDS intellectual health academic achievement afterschool academic test scores educational test performance educational test scores coaching |
|
|
8. Spiritual Health
8.1 mindfulness 8.2 character education 8.3 values education |
mindfulness (MeSH) moral development (MeSH) |
| KEYWORDS spiritual health character education values education |
|
|
9. Intervention
9.1 program(s) (programme(s)) 9.2 intervention(s) 9.3 treatment(s) 9.4 therapy (therapies) |
government programs (MeSH) therapeutics (MeSH) |
|
KEYWORDS
intervention program programmes treatment therapy |
|
|
10. Type
10.1 meta-analysis 10.2 systematic review |
meta-analysis (MeSH) systematic review (MeSH) |
TABLE A-4 Example of Search Combinations
| 1 | (adolescent$1 or teen$1 or teenager$1 or youth or underage or young).ti. or (adolescent$1 or teen$1 or teenager$1 or youth or underage or young).ab. or (adolescent$1 or teen$1 or teenager$1 or youth or underage or young).kw. |
| 2 | (smoking or vaping or tobacco).ti. or (smoking or vaping or tobacco).ab. or (smoking or vaping or tobacco).kw. |
| 3 | (“cannabis smoking” or “drug abuse” or “drug addiction” or “illicit drugs” or “recreational drugs” or “substance abuse”).ti. or (“cannabis smoking” or “drug abuse” or “drug addiction” or “illicit drugs” or “recreational drugs” or “substance abuse”).ab. or (“cannabis smoking” or “drug abuse” or “drug addiction” or “illicit drugs” or “recreational drugs” or “substance abuse”).kw. |
| 4 | (prevent$3 or anti?smoking or cessation).mp. |
| 5 | 2 and 3 |
| 6 | 4 and 5 |
| 7 | 1 and 6 |
| 8 | limit 7 to last 10 years |
