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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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Enhancing Scientific
Reproducibility in
Biomedical Research
Through
Transparent Reporting

PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP

Theresa Wizemann, Sylvia Ncha, Amanda Wagner Gee, and
Carolyn Shore, Rapporteurs

Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation
Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders
National Cancer Policy Forum
Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Health

Board on Health Sciences Policy
Board on Health Care Services

Health and Medicine Division

images

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and AbbVie Inc.; Amgen Inc.*; Association of American Medical Colleges; AstraZeneca; Burroughs Wellcome Fund (Contract No. 1020264); Cell Press; Critical Path Institute; Eli Lilly and Company (Contract No. 4900709231)*; FasterCures, Milken Institute*; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; Friends of Cancer Research; GlaxoSmithKline (Contract No. OTH-PPL-32245*); Johnson & Johnson; The Lancet; Merck & Co., Inc. (Contract No. MRLCPO-19-106723*); National Institutes of Health (Contract No. HHSN2632018000029I; Task Order Nos. HHSN26300007 and HHSN26300009): National Cancer Institute, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Office of Extramural Research, Office of Science Policy; Nature Research; New England Journal of Medicine; Sanofi (Contract No. 57505685*); Takeda Pharmaceuticals (Contract No. 53108*); and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Grant Nos. 5R13FD005496-04 and 5R13FD005496-05)*. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-66349-6
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-66349-0
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25627

Additional copies of this publication are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.

Copyright 2020 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing scientific reproducibility in biomedical research through transparent reporting: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25627.

__________________

* This text was revised after final publication to correct this contract information.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.

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Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
×

Image

Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.

Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.

For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON ENHANCING SCIENTIFIC REPRODUCIBILITY IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH THROUGH TRANSPARENT REPORTING1

HARVEY FINEBERG (Chair), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

OTIS BRAWLEY, Johns Hopkins University

BARRY COLLER, The Rockefeller University

STUART HOFFMAN, Department of Veterans Affairs

VERONIQUE KIERMER, PLOS

BENEDICT KOLBER, Duquesne University

ALEXA MCCRAY, Harvard Medical School

JILL MESIROV, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine

MARTIN MURPHY, CEO Roundtable on Cancer

RICHARD NAKAMURA, Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health (Retired)

FRANKLIN SAYRE, Thompson Rivers University

IDA SIM, University of California, San Francisco

VALDA VINSON, Science

Health and Medicine Division Staff

CAROLYN SHORE, Director, Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation

AMANDA WAGNER GEE, Program Officer

SYLVIA NCHA, Associate Program Officer

MELVIN JOPPY, Senior Program Assistant

ANDREW M. POPE, Senior Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy

Consultant

THERESA WIZEMANN, Science Writer

___________________

1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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FORUM ON DRUG DISCOVERY, DEVELOPMENT, AND TRANSLATION1

ROBERT M. CALIFF (Co-Chair), Duke University and Verily Life Sciences

GREGORY SIMON (Co-Chair), Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute and University of Washington

CHRISTOPHER P. AUSTIN, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

LINDA BRADY, National Institute of Mental Health

TANISHA CARINO, FasterCures, Milken Institute

BARRY COLLER, The Rockefeller University

THOMAS CURRAN, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City

RICHARD DAVEY, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

JAMES H. DOROSHOW, National Cancer Institute

JEFFREY M. DRAZEN, New England Journal of Medicine

STEVEN K. GALSON, Amgen Inc.

CARLOS GARNER, Eli Lilly and Company

JULIE L. GERBERDING, Merck & Co., Inc.

LYNN HUDSON, Critical Path Institute

DEBORAH HUNG, Harvard Medical School

ROSS MCKINNEY, JR., Association of American Medical Colleges

JOSEPH P. MENETSKI, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health

BERNARD H. MUNOS, InnoThink Center for Research in Biomedical Innovation

KELLY ROSE, Burroughs Wellcome Fund

ROB SCOTT, AbbVie Inc.

ANANTHA SHEKHAR, Indiana University School of Medicine

ELLEN V. SIGAL, Friends of Cancer Research

LANA R. SKIRBOLL, Sanofi

AMIR TAMIZ, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

PAMELA TENAERTS, Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative, Duke University

JOANNE WALDSTREICHER, Johnson & Johnson

CARRIE WOLINETZ, Office of Science Policy, National Institutes of Health

ALASTAIR WOOD, Vanderbilt University

JANET WOODCOCK, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

___________________

1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
×

Forum Staff

CAROLYN SHORE, Forum Director

AMANDA WAGNER GEE, Program Officer

JENNIFER HINNERS, Program Officer

SYLVIA NCHA, Associate Program Officer

EESHAN KHANDEKAR, Associate Program Officer

MELVIN JOPPY, Senior Program Assistant

ANDREW M. POPE, Senior Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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FORUM ON NEUROSCIENCE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

FRANCES JENSEN (Co-Chair), University of Pennsylvania

JOHN KRYSTAL (Co-Chair), Yale University

SUSAN AMARA, Society for Neuroscience

RITA BALICE-GORDON, Sanofi

KATJA BROSE, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative

EMERY BROWN, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology

DANIEL BURCH, Pharmaceutical Product Development, LLC

JOSEPH BUXBAUM, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

SARAH CADDICK, Gatsby Charitable Foundation

ROSA CANET-AVILÉS, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health

MARIA CARRILLO, Alzheimer’s Association

EDWARD CHANG, University of California, San Francisco

TIMOTHY COETZEE, National Multiple Sclerosis Society

JONATHAN COHEN, Princeton University

ROBERT CONLEY, Eli Lilly and Company

JAMES DESHLER, National Science Foundation

BILLY DUNN, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

MICHAEL EGAN, Merck Research Laboratories

NITA FARAHANY, Duke University School of Law

JOSHUA GORDON, National Institute of Mental Health

RAQUEL GUR, University of Pennsylvania

MAGALI HAAS, Cohen Veterans Bioscience

RAMONA HICKS, One Mind

RICHARD HODES, National Institute on Aging

STUART HOFFMAN, Department of Veterans Affairs

JONATHAN HORSFORD, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

YASMIN HURD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

STEVEN HYMAN, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University

MICHAEL IRIZARRY, Eisai Inc.

GEORGE KOOB, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

WALTER KOROSHETZ, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

STORY LANDIS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Emeritus)

ALAN LESHNER, American Association for the Advancement of Science (Emeritus)

HUSSEINI MANJI, Janssen Research & Development, LLC

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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CAROLINE MONTOJO, The Kavli Foundation

STEVEN PAUL, Voyager Therapeutics

EMILIANGELO RATTI, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International

TODD SHERER, The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research

DAVID SHURTLEFF, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

SANTA TUMMINIA, National Eye Institute

NORA VOLKOW, National Institute on Drug Abuse

ANDREW WELCHMAN, Wellcome Trust

DOUG WILLIAMSON, Lundbeck

STEVIN ZORN, MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc.

Forum Staff

CLARE STROUD, Forum Director

SHEENA M. POSEY NORRIS, Program Officer

PHOENIX WILSON, Senior Program Assistant

ANDREW M. POPE, Senior Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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NATIONAL CANCER POLICY FORUM

EDWARD J. BENZ, JR. (Chair), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School

GARNET L. ANDERSON, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington

KENNETH ANDERSON, American Cancer Society and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center

KAREN BASEN-ENGQUIST, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

CHRIS BOSHOFF, Pfizer Inc.

CATHY J. BRADLEY, Colorado School of Public Health and University of Colorado Cancer Center

OTIS W. BRAWLEY, Johns Hopkins University

ROBERT W. CARLSON, National Comprehensive Cancer Network

GWEN DARIEN, National Patient Advocate Foundation

NANCY E. DAVIDSON, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; and University of Washington

GEORGE D. DEMETRI, Harvard Medical School; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center

JAMES H. DOROSHOW, National Cancer Institute

NICOLE F. DOWLING, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

SCOT W. EBBINGHAUS, Merck Research Laboratories

KOJO S. J. ELENITOBA-JOHNSON, University of Pennsylvania

AWNY FARAJALLAH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

STANTON L. GERSON, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center

LORI HOFFMAN HŌGG, Department of Veterans Affairs

LINDA HOUSE, Cancer Support Community

HEDVIG HRICAK, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

ROY A. JENSEN, Association of American Cancer Institutes; The University of Kansas Cancer Center; and Kansas Masonic Cancer Research Institute

LISA KENNEDY SHELDON, Oncology Nursing Society

SAMIR N. KHLEIF, Georgetown University Medical Center

MICHELLE M. LE BEAU, University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center

MIA LEVY, Rush University Cancer Center and Rush System for Health

J. LEONARD LICHTENFELD, American Cancer Society

NEAL J. MEROPOL, Flatiron Health

MARTIN J. MURPHY, CEO Roundtable on Cancer

RANDALL A. OYER, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health

RICHARD PAZDUR, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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RICHARD L. SCHILSKY, American Society of Clinical Oncology

DEBORAH SCHRAG, Harvard Medical School and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

LAWRENCE N. SHULMAN, University of Pennsylvania

DAN THEODORESCU, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

GEORGE J. WEINER, The University of Iowa

ROBERT A. WINN, Virginia Commonwealth University

Forum Staff

ERIN BALOGH, Senior Program Officer

EMILY ZEVON, Associate Program Officer

KATE HAWTHORNE, Senior Program Assistant

ANNALEE GONZALES, Administrative Assistant

SHARYL NASS, Director, National Cancer Policy Forum, and Director, Board on Health Care Services

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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ROUNDTABLE ON GENOMICS AND PRECISION HEALTH

GEOFFREY GINSBURG (Co-Chair), Duke University

MICHELLE PENNY (Co-Chair), Biogen

NAOMI ARONSON, Blue Cross Blue Shield Association

ARIS BARIS, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals

KARINA BIENFAIT, Merck & Co., Inc.

VENCE BONHAM, National Human Genome Research Institute

ANN CASHION, National Institute of Nursing Research

ROBERT DARNELL, The Rockefeller University

KATHERINE DONIGAN, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

W. GREGORY FEERO, Journal of the American Medical Association

JESSICA GILL, National Institute of Nursing Research

MARC GRODMAN, Genosity

JILL M. HAGENKORD, Color Genomics

EMILY HARRIS, National Cancer Institute

RICHARD HODES, National Institute on Aging

PRADUMAN JAIN, Vibrent Health

SEKAR KATHIRESAN, Massachusetts General Hospital

MUIN KHOURY, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CHARLES LEE, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine

THOMAS LEHNER, National Institute of Mental Health

PATRICK LOERCH, Johnson & Johnson

JAMES LU, Helix

SEAN MCCONNELL, American Medical Association

JENNIFER MOSER, Department of Veterans Affairs

ANNA PETTERSSON, Pfizer Inc.

VICTORIA PRATT, Association for Molecular Pathology

NADEEM SARWAR, Eisai Inc.

SHERI SCHULLY, Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health

JOAN SCOTT, Health Resources and Services Administration

SAM SHEKAR, Northrop Grumman Information Systems

NIKOLETTA SIDIROPOULOS, University of Vermont Health Network Medical Group

KATHERINE JOHANSEN TABER, Myriad Women’s Health

RYAN TAFT, Illumina

JACQUELYN TAYLOR, New York University

SHARON TERRY, Genetic Alliance

JOYCE TUNG, 23andMe

JAMESON VOSS, Air Force Medical Support Agency

MICHAEL WATSON, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics

Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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KAREN WECK, College of American Pathologists

CATHERINE WICKLUND, National Society of Genetic Counselors

HUNTINGTON F. WILLARD, Geisinger National Precision Health

JANET WILLIAMS, American Academy of Nursing

SARAH WORDSWORTH, University of Oxford

Roundtable Staff

SARAH BEACHY, Roundtable Director

SIOBHAN ADDIE, Program Officer

MEREDITH HACKMANN, Associate Program Officer

MICHAEL BERRIOS, Senior Program Assistant

ANDREW M. POPE, Senior Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
×

Reviewers

This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:

YARIMAR CARRASQUILLO, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health

ASHLEY FARLEY, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

RICHARD SEVER, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

GEETA K. SWAMY, Duke University

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by CAROLE LEE, University of Washington. She was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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Acknowledgments

Sponsorship from the Cell Press, The Lancet, the National Institutes of Health’s Office of Extramural Research and Office of Science Policy, and Nature Research made this workshop—and the fruitful discussions therein—possible. Support from the many annual sponsors of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation; Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders; National Cancer Policy Forum; and Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Health is crucial to support this and other work of the National Academies.

The National Academies staff wish to express their gratitude to the speakers whose presentations helped inform workshop discussions on the state of transparent reporting in preclinical biomedical research; the members of the planning committee for their work in developing the workshop agenda and shaping the discussions; and the many other National Academies staff without whom this workshop and the accounting thereof would not have been possible: Jeanay Butler, Daniel Cesnalis, Robert Day, Sadaf Faraz, Greta Gorman, Anna Camilo Javier, Bardia Massoudkhan, Bettina Seliber, Lauren Shern, and Taryn Young.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations

AlzPED Alzheimer’s Disease Preclinical Efficacy Database
ARRIVE Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments
CEO chief executive officer
CONSORT Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
COPE Committee on Publication Ethics
CRO clinical research organization
CTSA Clinical and Translational Science Awards
ECNP European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
EQIPD European Quality in Preclinical Data
EQUATOR Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research
FSU Florida State University
ICMJE International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
IRB Institutional Review Board
JoVE Journal of Visualized Experiments
MD Standards for Preventing and Handling Missing Data
MDAR materials, design, analysis, and reporting
METRICS Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford University
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NAS National Academy of Sciences
NC3Rs National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
NCCIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NIH)
NIH National Institutes of Health (Department of Health and Human Services)
NINDS National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH)
NPQIP Nature Publishing Group Quality in Publication
ORI Office of Research Integrity
PCORI Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute
PLOS Public Library of Science
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder
RCR responsible conduct of research
RQR rigor, quality, and reproducibility
SEPTRE SPIRIT Electronic Protocol Tool and Resource
SPIRIT Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials
STEM science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
TOP Transparency and Openness Promotion
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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Page xxii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25627.
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Enhancing Scientific Reproducibility in Biomedical Research Through Transparent Reporting: Proceedings of a Workshop Get This Book
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Sharing knowledge is what drives scientific progress - each new advance or innovation in biomedical research builds on previous observations. However, for experimental findings to be broadly accepted as credible by the scientific community, they must be verified by other researchers. An essential step is for researchers to report their findings in a manner that is understandable to others in the scientific community and provide sufficient information for others to validate the original results and build on them. In recent years, concern has been growing over a number of studies that have failed to replicate previous results and evidence from larger meta-analyses, which have pointed to the lack of reproducibility in biomedical research.

On September 25 and 26, 2019, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop in Washington, DC, to discuss the current state of transparency in the reporting of preclinical biomedical research and to explore opportunities for harmonizing reporting guidelines across journals and funding agencies. Convened jointly by the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation; the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders; the National Cancer Policy Forum; and the Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Health, the workshop primarily focused on transparent reporting in preclinical research, but also considered lessons learned and best practices from clinical research reporting. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

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