Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports (2019)

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H-1 A P P E N D I X H Sample Buyer Awareness Documents Buyer Awareness Measures Buyer awareness is an umbrella category for several types of implementation documents all of which have the objective of ensuring that prospective buyers of airport area property, particularly residential property, are informed about the airport’s impact on the property. Samples of such implementation documents are included in this appendix. Avigation Easement—Avigation easements transfer certain property rights from the owner of the underlying property to the owner of an airport or, in the case of military airports, to a local government agency on behalf of the federal government (the U.S. Department of Defense is not authorized to accept avigation easements). Once an Airport Compatibility Zoning Ordinance (AZO) is established, dedication of an avigation easement can be obtained as a condition for approval of development on property subject to high noise levels or a need to restrict heights of structures and trees to less than might ordinarily occur on the property. Also, airports may require avigation easements in conjunction with programs for noise insulation of existing structures in the airport vicinity. A sample of a standard avigation easement is included in Figure H1. Recorded Overflight Notification—An overflight notification informs property owners that the property is subject to aircraft overflight and generation of noise and other impacts. No restrictions on the heights of objects, requirements for marking or lighting of objects, or access to the property for these purposes are included. An overflight notification serves only as buyer acceptance of overflight conditions. Suggested wording of an overflight notification is included in Figure H2. Unlike an avigation easement, overflight easement, or other type of easement, an overflight notification is not a conveyance of property rights. However, like an easement, an overflight notification is recorded on the property deed and therefore remains in effect with sale of the property to subsequent owners. Overflight notifications are generally appropriate in areas outside the highly noise-impacted areas, outside high-risk areas, and within areas where the height of structures and other objects would not pose a significant potential of being airspace obstruction hazards. Real Estate Disclosure—Some states, such as California, have adopted laws mandating notification of an airport’s proximity as part of certain real estate transactions. The advantage of this type of program is that it applies to previously existing land uses as well as to new development. Disclosure is most important with regard to residential property but may also be appropriate for transactions regarding nonresidential property. California’s law, which applies only to residential property, requires disclosure of a property’s location within an airport influence area under any of the following three circumstances: (1) sale or lease of subdivided lands; (2) sale of common interest developments; and (3) sale of residential real property. In each case, the disclosure statement to be used is defined by state law as follows:

H-2 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports NOTICE OF AIRPORT IN VICINITY This property is presently located in the vicinity of an airport, within what is known as an airport influence area. For that reason, the property may be subject to some of the annoyances or inconveniences associated with proximity to airport operations (for example: noise, vibration, or odors). Individual sensitivities to those annoyances can vary from person to person. You may wish to consider what airport annoyances, if any, are associated with the property before you complete your purchase and determine whether they are acceptable to you.

Sample Buyer Awareness Documents H-3 TYPICAL AVIGATION EASEMENT For [Airport Name] This indenture made this _____ day of ____________, 20__, between _________________________ hereinafter referred to as Grantor, and the [County Name], a political subdivision in the State of [state name], hereinafter referred to as Grantee. The Grantor, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, does hereby grant to the Grantee, its successors and assigns, a perpetual and assignable easement over the following described parcel of land in which the Grantor holds a fee simple estate. The property which is subject to this easement is depicted as _on “Exhibit A” attached and is more particularly described as follows: [Insert legal description of real property] The easement applies to the Airspace above an imaginary plane over the real property. The plane is described as follows: The imaginary plane above the hereinbefore described real property, as such plane is defined by Part 77 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (14CFR Part 77), and consists of a plane [describe approach, transition, or horizontal surface]; the elevation of said plane being based upon the [Airport Name] official runway end elevation of [distance in feet] feet Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL), as determined by the Airport Layout Plan, the approximate dimensions of which said plane are described and shown on Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference. The aforesaid easement and right-of-way includes, but is not limited to: (1) For the use and benefit of the public, the easement and continuing right to fly, or cause or permit the flight by any and all persons, or any aircraft, of any and all kinds now or hereafter known, in, through, across, or about any portion of the Airspace hereinabove described; and (2) The easement and right to cause or create, or permit or allow to be caused and created within all space above the existing surface of the hereinabove described real property and any and all Airspace laterally adjacent to said real property, such noise, vibration, currents and other effects of air illumination and fuel consumption as may be inherent in, or may arise or occur from or during the operation of aircraft of any and all kinds, now or hereafter known or used, for navigation of or flight in air; and (3) A continuing right to clear and keep clear from the Airspace any portions of buildings, structures or improvements of any kinds, and of trees or other objects, including the right to remove or demolish those portions of such buildings, structures, improvements, trees, or other things which extend into or above said Airspace, and the right to cut to the ground level and remove, any trees which extend into or above the Airspace; and (4) The right to mark and light, or cause or require to be marked and lighted, as obstructions to air navigation, any and all buildings, structures or other improvements, and trees or other objects, which extend into or above the Airspace; and (5) The right of ingress to, passage within, and egress from the hereinabove described real property, for the purposes described in subparagraphs (3) and (4) above at reasonable times and after reasonable notice. Figure H1 – Typical Avigation Easement

H-4 Guidebook on Effective Land Use Compatibility Planning Strategies for General Aviation Airports For and on behalf of itself, its successors and assigns, the Grantor hereby covenants with the County of [County Name], for the direct benefit of the real property constituting the [Airport Name] hereinafter described, that neither the Grantor, nor its successors in interest or assigns will construct, install, erect, place or grow, in or upon the hereinabove described real property, nor will they permit or allow any building structure, improvement, tree, or other object to extend into or above the Airspace so as to constitute an obstruction to air navigation or to obstruct or interfere with the use of the easement and rights-of-way herein granted. If Grantor fails to comply with the foregoing obligations within ten (10) days after Grantee gives written notice of violation to Grantor by depositing said notice in the United States mail, Grantee may enter the above-described real property for the purposes described in subparagraphs (3) and/or (4), above, and charge Grantor for the cost thereof. The easements and rights-of-way herein granted shall be deemed both appurtenant to and for the direct benefit of that real property which constitutes the [Airport Name], in the County of [County Name], State of [state name]; and shall further be deemed in gross, being conveyed to the Grantee for the benefit of the Grantee and any and all members of the general public who may use said easement or right-of-way, in landing at, taking off from or operating such aircraft in or about the [Airport Name], or in otherwise flying through said Airspace. Grantor, together with its successors in interest and assigns, hereby waives its right to legal action against Grantee, its successors or assigns for monetary damages or other redress due to impacts, as described in paragraph (2) of the granted rights of easement, associated with aircraft operations in the air or on the ground at the airport, including future increases in the volume or changes in location of said operations. Furthermore, Grantee, its successors, and assigns shall have no duty to avoid or mitigate such damages through physical modification of airport facilities or establishment or modification of aircraft operational procedures or restrictions. However, this waiver shall not apply if the airport role or character of its usage (as identified in an adopted airport master plan, for example) changes in a fundamental manner which could not reasonably have been anticipated at the time of the granting of this easement and which results in a substantial increase in the in the impacts associated with aircraft operations. Also, this grant of easement shall not operate to deprive the Grantor, its successors or assigns of any rights which may from time to time have against any air carrier or private operator for negligent or unlawful operation of aircraft. These covenants and agreements run with the land and are binding upon the heirs, administrators, executors, successors and assigns of the Grantor, and, for the purpose of this instrument, the real property firstly hereinabove described is the servient tenement and said [Airport Name] is the dominant tenement. DATED: STATE OF } ss COUNTY OF } On _____________________, before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public in and for said County and State personally appeared __________________, and ________________ known to me to be the persons whose names are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged that they executed the same. WITNESS my hand and official seal. Figure H1, continued

Sample Buyer Awareness Documents H-5 RECORDED OVERFLIGHT NOTIFICATION This Overflight Notification concerns the real property situated in the County of [County Name] and [insert if applicable] the City of _______________________, State of [State Name], described as ____________________________________[APN No.: ]. This Overflight Notification provides notification of the condition of the above described property in recognition of the property’s proximity to the [Airport Name]. NOTICE OF AIRPORT IN VICINITY: This property is located in the vicinity of an airport and within the airport influence area. The property may be subject to some of the annoyances or inconveniences associated with proximity to an airport and aircraft operations (for example: noise, vibration, overflights or odors). Individual sensitivities to those annoyances can vary from person to person. You should consider what airport annoyances, if any, affect the Property before you complete your purchase and whether they are acceptable to you. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has regulatory authority over the operation of aircraft in flight and on the runway and taxiway surfaces at [Airport Name]. The FAA is, therefore, exclusively responsible for airspace and air traffic management, including ensuring the safe and efficient use of navigable airspace, developing air traffic rules, assigning the use of airspace and controlling air traffic. Please contact the FAA for more detailed information regarding overflight and airspace protection issues associated with the operation of military aircraft. The airport operator, the County of [County Name], maintains information regarding hours of operation and other relevant information regarding airport operations. Please contact your local airport operator for more detailed information regarding airport specific operational issues including hours of operation. This Overflight Notification shall be duly recorded with the [County Name] Assessor’s Office, shall run with the Property, and shall be binding upon all parties having or acquiring any right, title or interest in the Property. Effective Date:_________, 20__ Figure H2 – Sample Recorded Overflight Notification

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

TRA N SPO RTATIO N RESEA RCH BO A RD 500 Fifth Street, N W W ashington, D C 20001 A D D RESS SERV ICE REQ U ESTED N O N -PR O FIT O R G . U .S. PO STA G E PA ID C O LU M B IA , M D PER M IT N O . 88 G uidebook on Effective Land U se Com patibility Planning Strategies for G eneral A viation A irports A CRP Research Report 206 TRB ISBN 978-0-309-48080-2 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 4 8 0 8 0 2 9 0 0 0 0