C
Identifying Salary Ranges for Jobs Relevant to the Data Life Cycle
The main text identifies certain job descriptions with associated salary ranges, from L (low) to VH (very high). This appendix identifies possible job titles and associated salary ranges observed in workplace and occupational surveys conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS, 2019a).
DATA USED
Occupational Employment Statistics
Collection methods, estimation methodology, and coverage are described in BLS (2019b). The committee downloaded the data from https://www.bls.gov/oes/special.requests/oesm18nat.zip on October 30, 2019. From the downloaded data, national_M2018_dl.xlsx was used.
Occupational Information Network
The Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database is a U.S. Department of Labor–sponsored database developed by the National Center for O*Net Development.1 The database provides standardized descriptions of hundreds of occupations within the U.S. economy. The database comprises worker attributes and job characteristics. Information is collected using a two-stage design in which the following occurs:
- A statistically random sample of businesses expected to employ workers in the targeted occupations is identified.
- A random sample of workers in those occupations within those businesses is selected. Data are collected by surveying job incumbents using a randomly assigned standardized questionnaire on occupation characteristics, out of three questionnaires. Additional questions cover tasks and demographic information.
- Abilities and skills information is developed by occupational analysts using the updated information from incumbent workers (National Center for O*NET Development, 2019a).
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1 See https://www.onetonline.org/, accessed August 12, 2020.
A data dictionary (National Center for O*NET Development, 2019b) provides additional information.
Version 23_2 of the data (National Center for O*NET Development, 2019c)2 was used for committee determination of salaries. Both Occupation Data.xlsx and Alternate Titles.xlsx were used.
METHODS
Mapping Job Titles to Standard Occupational Classifications
O*NET is structured around Standard Occupational Classification (SOC; BLS, 2019c). The committee’s main text has a normative list of job descriptions based on data management practiced at university libraries. These may not match reported standard occupation titles. The O*NET data provide a long but not exhaustive list of alternate mentions of job titles for specific occupations (Alternate Titles.xlsx). Using both the standard occupation title as well as the alternative mention, the normative job title is matched via probabilistic matching, using the Jaro-Winkler distance (Winkler, 1990) as implemented in the R package fuzzyjoin (Robinson, 2019). All reasonable matches (d < 0.05) were kept to obtain a list of similar occupations and their SOC codes.
Mapping SOC into Salary Ranges
Occupational Employment Statistics computes for each SOC code a salary range, comprising annual salary and hourly wages, and characterized by the 25th and 75th percentile, as well as the median. The annual salary distributions were attached to each of the identified occupations (Table C.1), and then these statistics were collapsed to a triplet of information for each normative job description (Table C.2). To do so, the minimum of all observed 25th percentiles, the median of all observed medians, and the maximum of all observed 75th percentiles were chosen. No weights were applied. An alternative implementation might use the employment shares to create weighted statistics. Reliability statistics were not computed, as the resulting table is meant to be indicative, not precise.
RESULTS
Table C.1 lists the annual salaries, as of 2018, by job title (median, and the 25th and 75th percentile), for all occupations identified as having similar names as the normative description in Chapter 2. Blank salaries (“NA”) indicate that no occupation code could be found on O*NET based on the normative description. Table C.2 lists the ranges, as defined above, for each of the normative descriptions (Chapter 2), based on the underlying occupations identified. Table C.3 lists the statistics associated with each of the salary categories, from low to very high. While the categories are defined based on the experience of members of the committee, ex ante, they match up well with observed median salaries in 2018.
FULL CODE AND DATA
The code and data underlying this appendix, including an exhaustive list of the committee’s edits (inclusions and exclusions) to the list of occupations, are available at https://github.com/labordynamicsinstitute/job-description-and-wages.
TABLE C.1 Annual Salaries (2018) by Job Title for Occupations
Job Title | Title | SOC | Alternative Title | 25th Percentile ($) |
Median Income ($) |
75th Percentile ($) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Researcher | Industrial Ecologists | 19-2041 | Researcher | 53,580 | 71,130 | 94,590 |
Researcher | Anthropologists | 19-3091 | Researcher | 48,020 | 62,410 | 80,230 |
Researcher | Historians | 19-3093 | Researcher | 40,670 | 61,140 | 85,700 |
Researcher | Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers | 11-9041 | Scientist | 112,400 | 140,760 | 173,180 |
Researcher | Mathematicians | 15-2021 | Scientist | 73,490 | 101,900 | 126,070 |
Researcher | Chemical Engineers | 17-2041 | Scientist | 81,900 | 104,910 | 133,320 |
Researcher | Nanosystems Engineers | 17-2199 | Scientist | 69,890 | 96,980 | 126,200 |
Researcher | Manufacturing Engineering Technologists | 17-3029 | Scientist | 47,500 | 63,200 | 80,670 |
Researcher | Biologists | 19-1020 | Scientist | 56,730 | 77,550 | 103,540 |
Researcher | Biochemists and Biophysicists | 19-1021 | Scientist | 64,230 | 93,280 | 129,950 |
Researcher | Bioinformatics Scientists | 19-1029 | Scientist | 60,250 | 79,590 | 98,040 |
Researcher | Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 19-1042 | Scientist | 59,580 | 84,810 | 118,040 |
Researcher | Chemists | 19-2031 | Scientist | 56,290 | 76,890 | 103,820 |
Researcher | Hydrologists | 19-2043 | Scientist | 61,280 | 79,370 | 100,090 |
Researcher | Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 19-2099 | Scientist | 75,830 | 107,230 | 136,930 |
Researcher | Geographers | 19-3092 | Scientist | 63,270 | 80,300 | 96,980 |
Data Librarian | Librarians | 25-4021 | NA | 46,130 | 59,050 | 74,740 |
Data Librarian | Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary | 25-1082 | Librarian | 56,550 | 71,560 | 90,550 |
Data Librarian | Archivists | 25-4011 | Librarian | 38,090 | 52,240 | 71,250 |
Metadata Librarian | Librarians | 25-4021 | NA | 46,130 | 59,050 | 74,740 |
Metadata Librarian | Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary | 25-1082 | Librarian | 56,550 | 71,560 | 90,550 |
Metadata Librarian | Archivists | 25-4011 | Librarian | 38,090 | 52,240 | 71,250 |
Records Management Specialist | Librarians | 25-4021 | NA | 46,130 | 59,050 | 74,740 |
Records Management Specialist | Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary | 25-1082 | Librarian | 56,550 | 71,560 | 90,550 |
Records Management Specialist | Archivists | 25-4011 | Librarian | 38,090 | 52,240 | 71,250 |
Curator | Curators | 25-4012 | NA | 39,580 | 53,780 | 72,830 |
Curator | Archivists | 25-4011 | NA | 38,090 | 52,240 | 71,250 |
Curator | Archeologists | 19-3091 | Curator | 48,020 | 62,410 | 80,230 |
Job Title | Title | SOC | Alternative Title | 25th Percentile ($) |
Median Income ($) |
75th Percentile ($) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Research Domain Curator | Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers | 11-9041 | Scientist | 112,400 | 140,760 | 173,180 |
Research Domain Curator | Mathematicians | 15-2021 | Scientist | 73,490 | 101,900 | 126,070 |
Research Domain Curator | Chemical Engineers | 17-2041 | Scientist | 81,900 | 104,910 | 133,320 |
Research Domain Curator | Nanosystems Engineers | 17-2199 | Scientist | 69,890 | 96,980 | 126,200 |
Research Domain Curator | Manufacturing Engineering Technologists | 17-3029 | Scientist | 47,500 | 63,200 | 80,670 |
Research Domain Curator | Biologists | 19-1020 | Scientist | 56,730 | 77,550 | 103,540 |
Research Domain Curator | Biochemists and Biophysicists | 19-1021 | Scientist | 64,230 | 93,280 | 129,950 |
Research Domain Curator | Bioinformatics Scientists | 19-1029 | Scientist | 60,250 | 79,590 | 98,040 |
Research Domain Curator | Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 19-1042 | Scientist | 59,580 | 84,810 | 118,040 |
Research Domain Curator | Chemists | 19-2031 | Scientist | 56,290 | 76,890 | 103,820 |
Research Domain Curator | Climate Change Analysts | 19-2041 | Scientist | 53,580 | 71,130 | 94,590 |
Research Domain Curator | Hydrologists | 19-2043 | Scientist | 61,280 | 79,370 | 100,090 |
Research Domain Curator | Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 19-2099 | Scientist | 75,830 | 107,230 | 136,930 |
Research Domain Curator | Anthropologists | 19-3091 | Scientist | 48,020 | 62,410 | 80,230 |
Research Domain Curator | Geographers | 19-3092 | Scientist | 63,270 | 80,300 | 96,980 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers | 11-9041 | Scientist | 112,400 | 140,760 | 173,180 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Mathematicians | 15-2021 | Scientist | 73,490 | 101,900 | 126,070 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Chemical Engineers | 17-2041 | Scientist | 81,900 | 104,910 | 133,320 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Nanosystems Engineers | 17-2199 | Scientist | 69,890 | 96,980 | 126,200 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Manufacturing Engineering Technologists | 17-3029 | Scientist | 47,500 | 63,200 | 80,670 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Biologists | 19-1020 | Scientist | 56,730 | 77,550 | 103,540 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Biochemists and Biophysicists | 19-1021 | Scientist | 64,230 | 93,280 | 129,950 |
Job Title | Title | SOC | Alternative Title | 25th Percentile ($) |
Median Income ($) |
75th Percentile ($) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Research Domain Project Manager | Bioinformatics Scientists | 19-1029 | Scientist | 60,250 | 79,590 | 98,040 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists | 19-1042 | Scientist | 59,580 | 84,810 | 118,040 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Chemists | 19-2031 | Scientist | 56,290 | 76,890 | 103,820 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Climate Change Analysts | 19-2041 | Scientist | 53,580 | 71,130 | 94,590 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Hydrologists | 19-2043 | Scientist | 61,280 | 79,370 | 100,090 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists | 19-2099 | Scientist | 75,830 | 107,230 | 136,930 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Anthropologists | 19-3091 | Scientist | 48,020 | 62,410 | 80,230 |
Research Domain Project Manager | Geographers | 19-3092 | Scientist | 63,270 | 80,300 | 96,980 |
Informatician | Computer Systems Analysts | 15-1121 | NA | 68,730 | 887,40 | 113,460 |
Informatician | Information Technology Project Managers | 15-1199 | IT Specialist | 66,410 | 90,270 | 117,070 |
Data Wrangler | Information Technology Project Managers | 15-1199 | IT Specialist | 66,410 | 90,270 | 117,070 |
Education Specialist | Health Educators | 21-1091 | Education Specialist | 39,800 | 54,220 | 74,660 |
Education Specialist | Special Education Teachers, Secondary School | 25-2054 | Education Specialist | 48,630 | 60,600 | 77,820 |
Education Specialist | Instructional Coordinators | 25-9031 | Education Specialist | 49,280 | 64,450 | 82,860 |
Communication Specialist | Public Relations Specialists | 27-3031 | Communication Specialist | 44,490 | 60,000 | 81,550 |
Software Engineer | Computer and Information Research Scientists | 15-1111 | Software Engineer | 91,650 | 118,370 | 149,470 |
Software Engineer | Software Developers, Applications | 15-1132 | Software Engineer | 79,340 | 103,620 | 130,460 |
Software Engineer | Software Developers, Systems Software | 15-1133 | Software Engineer | 85,610 | 110,000 | 139,550 |
IT Security Specialist | Security Management Specialists | 13-1199 | NA | 52,200 | 70,530 | 94,890 |
IT Systems Engineer | Computer and Information Systems Managers | 11-3021 | NA | 110,110 | 142,530 | 180,190 |
IT Systems Engineer | Information Technology Project Managers | 15-1199 | IT Specialist | 66,410 | 90,270 | 117,070 |
IT Project Manager | Computer and Information Systems Managers | 11-3021 | NA | 110,110 | 142,530 | 180,190 |
IT Project Manager | Information Technology Project Managers | 15-1199 | IS/IT Project Manager | 66,410 | 90,270 | 117,070 |
Job Title | Title | SOC | Alternative Title | 25th Percentile ($) |
Median Income ($) |
75th Percentile ($) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Project Manager | Construction Managers | 11-9021 | Project Manager | 70,670 | 93,370 | 123,720 |
Project Manager | Architectural and Engineering Managers | 11-9041 | Project Manager | 112,400 | 140,760 | 173,180 |
Project Manager | Managers, All Other | 11-9199 | Project Manager | 75,460 | 107,480 | 143,230 |
Project Manager | Information Technology Project Managers | 15-1199 | Project Manager | 66,410 | 90,270 | 117,070 |
Project Manager | Environmental Engineers | 17-2081 | Project Manager | 66,590 | 87,620 | 112,230 |
Project Manager | Wind Energy Engineers | 17-2199 | Project Manager | 69,890 | 96,980 | 126,200 |
Project Manager | Environmental Restoration Planners | 19-2041 | Project Manager | 53,580 | 71,130 | 94,590 |
Project Manager | Social Science Research Assistants | 19-4061 | Project Manager | 35,450 | 46,640 | 60,830 |
Project Manager | Remote Sensing Technicians | 19-4099 | Project Manager | 37,940 | 49,670 | 63,340 |
Project Manager | Technical Directors/Managers | 27-2012 | Project Manager | 48,520 | 71,680 | 110,350 |
Project Manager | Intelligence Analysts | 33-3021 | Project Manager | 57,560 | 81,920 | 107,000 |
Senior Staff | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Policy Specialist | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Administrative Staff | First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers | 43-1011 | NA | 42,750 | 55,810 | 71,550 |
Administrative Staff | Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants | 43-6011 | NA | 46,530 | 59,340 | 74,460 |
Administrative Staff | Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive | 43-6014 | NA | 28,930 | 36,630 | 46,230 |
Administrative Staff | Business Operations Specialists, All Other | 13-1199 | Administrative Assistant | 52,200 | 70,530 | 94,890 |
Administrative Staff | Billing and Posting Clerks | 43-3021 | Administrative Assistant | 31,870 | 37,800 | 46,350 |
Administrative Staff | New Accounts Clerks | 43-4141 | Administrative Assistant | 30,300 | 35,800 | 42,050 |
Administrative Staff | Medical Secretaries | 43-6013 | Administrative Assistant | 29,580 | 35,760 | 43,200 |
Facilities Manager | General and Operations Managers | 11-1021 | Facilities Manager | 65,650 | 100,930 | 157,120 |
Facilities Manager | Administrative Services Managers | 11-3011 | Facilities Manager | 71,850 | 96,180 | 127,100 |
Facilities Manager | Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers | 11-9141 | Facilities Manager | 41,210 | 58,340 | 85,120 |
Facilities Manager | First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers | 37-1011 | Facilities Manager | 31,020 | 39,940 | 52,280 |
Job Title | Title | SOC | Alternative Title | 25th Percentile ($) |
Median Income ($) |
75th Percentile ($) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Facilities Manager | First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers | 43-1011 | Facilities Manager | 42,750 | 55,810 | 71,550 |
Facilities Manager | First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers | 49-1011 | Facilities Manager | 51,430 | 66,140 | 83,980 |
Facilities Manager | Maintenance and Repair Workers, General | 49-9071 | Facilities Manager | 29,560 | 38,300 | 50,100 |
Data Scientist | Computer and Information Research Scientists | 15-1111 | Data Scientist | 91,650 | 118,370 | 149,470 |
NOTE: IT, information technology; SOC, Standard Occupational Classification.
TABLE C.2 Salary Ranges for Job Classifications as Defined in Chapter 2
Job Title | 25th Percentile ($) | Median Salary ($) | 75th Percentile ($) |
---|---|---|---|
Administrative Staff | 28,930 | 37,800 | 94,890 |
Communication Specialist | 44,490 | 60,000 | 81,550 |
Curator | 38,090 | 53,780 | 80,230 |
Data Librarian | 38,090 | 59,050 | 90,550 |
Data Scientist | 91,650 | 118,370 | 149,470 |
Data Wrangler | 66,410 | 90,270 | 117,070 |
Education Specialist | 39,800 | 60,600 | 82,860 |
Facilities Manager | 29,560 | 58,340 | 157,120 |
Informatician | 66,410 | 89,505 | 117,070 |
IT Project Manager | 66,410 | 116,400 | 180,190 |
IT Security Specialist | 52,200 | 70,530 | 94,890 |
IT Systems Engineer | 66,410 | 116,400 | 180,190 |
Metadata Librarian | 38,090 | 59,050 | 90,550 |
Policy Specialist | Inf | NA | -Inf |
Project Manager | 35,450 | 87,620 | 173,180 |
Records Management Specialist | 38,090 | 59,050 | 90,550 |
Research Domain Curator | 47,500 | 80,300 | 173,180 |
Research Domain Project Manager | 47,500 | 80,300 | 173,180 |
Researcher | 40,670 | 79,945 | 173,180 |
Senior Staff | Inf | NA | -Inf |
Software Engineer | 79,340 | 110,000 | 149,470 |
TABLE C.3 Statistics Across Each of the Salary Categories (used in Chapter 2 of this report)
Relative Salary | 25th Percentile ($) | Median Salary ($) | 75th Percentile ($) | N | Missing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | 28,930 | 37,800 | 94,890 | 7 | 0 |
Medium | 29,560 | 61,505 | 173,180 | 34 | 0 |
High | 40,670 | 80,300 | 180,190 | 50 | 1 |
Very High | 52,200 | 103,620 | 180,190 | 10 | 1 |
REFERENCES
BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 2019a. Occupational Employment Statistics. Data set. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OES Program. https://www.bls.gov/oes/home.htm.
BLS. 2019b. Survey Methods and Reliability Statement for the May 2018 Occupational Employment Statistics Survey. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OES Program. https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/methods_statement.pdf.
BLS. 2019c. 2018 Standard Occupational Classification System. https://www.bls.gov/soc/2018/major_groups.htm.
National Center for O*NET Development. 2019a. O*NET Data Collection Overview. https://www.onetcenter.org/dataCollection.html.
National Center for O*NET Development. 2019b. O*NET® 23.2 Database. Data Dictionary. O*NET Resource Center. https://www.onetcenter.org/dl_files/database/db_23_2_dictionary.pdf.
National Center for O*NET Development. 2019c. O*NET® Database Release 23.2. Data set. O*NET Resource Center. https://www.onetcenter.org/db_releases.html.
Robinson, D. 2019. Fuzzyjoin: Join Tables Together on Inexact Matching. https://github.com/dgrtwo/fuzzyjoin.
Winkler, W.E. 1990. String comparator metrics and enhanced decision rules in the Fellegi-Sunter Model of Record Linkage. Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, American Statistical Association, 354-359. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED325505.pdf.