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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
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SELECTED HEALTH
CONDITIONS AND
LIKELIHOOD OF
IMPROVEMENT WITH
TREATMENT

Committee on Identifying Disabling Medical Conditions
Likely to Improve with Treatment

Board on Health Care Services

Health and Medicine Division

A Consensus Study Report of

images

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

This activity was supported by a contract between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Social Security Administration (Contract No. 28321318D00060015). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-67095-1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-67095-0
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25662
Library of Congress Control Number: 2020934945

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected health conditions and likelihood of improvement with treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25662.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
×

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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private nongovernment institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president.

The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.

The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public-policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.

Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
×

Image

Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on studies’ statements of task by committees of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committees and the committees’ deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and represents the position of the National Academies on its statement of task.

Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at workshops, symposia, or other events convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.

For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
×

COMMITTEE ON IDENTIFYING DISABLING MEDICAL CONDITIONS LIKELY TO IMPROVE WITH TREATMENT

JUDITH GREEN-McKENZIE (Chair), Professor and Chief, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine

AMY BERNSTEIN, Policy Director and Contracting Officer (Retired), Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission

CHARLES H. BOMBARDIER, Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington

JOSEPH A. BUCKWALTER, Professor and Steindler Chair, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa College of Medicine

ANDREA L. CHEVILLE, Professor, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic

LISA B. DIXON, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University

ANNETTE FITZPATRICK, Research Professor, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine

JAIMIE L. GRADUS, Associate Professor, Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Public Health

STEPHEN S. GRUBBS, Vice President Clinical Affairs, American Society of Clinical Oncology ERIN E. KREBS, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota

KNASHAWN H. MORALES, Associate Professor of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine PATRICIA M. OWENS, Consultant, Health and Disability Policy and Programs

NINA A. SAYER, Deputy Director, Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Healthcare System

TISAMARIE B. SHERRY, Associate Physician Policy Researcher, RAND Corporation

MICHAEL STUBBLEFIELD, Clinical Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
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Study Staff

CAROLYN FULCO, Scholar

MARIA ORIA, Senior Program Officer

BERNICE CHU, Program Officer

BLAKE REICHMUTH, Associate Program Officer

JOSEPH GOODMAN, Senior Program Assistant

ANNE MARIE HOUPPERT, Senior Research Librarian

SHARYL NASS, Senior Director, Board on Health Care Services

Consultant

NANETTE WENGER, Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
×

Reviewers

This Consensus Study Report was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published report as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
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Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations of this report nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this report was overseen by HAROLD C. SOX, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, and BRADFORD H. GRAY, The Urban Institute. They were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Academies.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
×

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACR American College of Rheumatology
ACS American Cancer Society
ADA Americans with Disabilities Act
ADHD/ADD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit disorder
AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase
APA American Psychiatric Association
ASCO American Society of Clinical Oncology
BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory II
BEP brief eclectic psychotherapy
BPI Brief Pain Inventory
BRCA1 breast cancer type 1 susceptibility gene
BRCA2 breast cancer type 2 susceptibility gene
CA-125 carbohydrate antigen 125
CAL compassionate allowance
CANMAT Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments
CBT cognitive behavioral therapy
CD cognitive dysfunction
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDK cyclin-dependent kinase
CDR continuing disability review
CDT complex decongestive therapy
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
×
CFR Code of Federal Regulation
CGI-I Clinical Global Impression–Improvement
CGI-S Clinical Global Impression–Severity
CIPN chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
CPT cognitive processing therapy
CRF cancer-related fatigue
CRP C-reactive protein
CT computed tomography
CTCAE Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
DAS Disability Assessment Schedule
DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ
DMARD disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
DoD U.S. Department of Defense
DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition
DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision
DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition
EBV Epstein-Barr virus
ECT electroconvulsive therapy
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
EMDR eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy
ER/PR/HER2 tumor markers
ERP exposure and response prevention
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
EULAR European League Against Rheumatism
EX/RP exposure and response prevention
FACT Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (questionnaire)
FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FDG fluorodeoxyglucose
FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
FNA fine needle aspiration
GAD generalized anxiety disorder
GRAPPA Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
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HAM-D Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index
HDRS Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
HPV human papillomavirus
IASP International Association for the Study of Pain
ICD International Classification of Diseases
ICF International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
ICI immune checkpoint inhibitor
IFNα interferon alpha
IFNβ interferon beta
IFNγ interferon gamma
IGH immunoglobulin heavy chain
IL-2 interleukin-2
IMPACT Initiative for Molecular Profiling and Advanced Cancer Therapy
IOM Institute of Medicine
IPT interpersonal therapy
ISTSS Society for Traumatic Stress Studies
JAK Janus kinase
KC keratinocyte carcinoma
KPS Karnofsky Performance Scale
Li/DVP lithium/divalproex
LSAS Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale
MADRS Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale
MAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitor
MDD major depressive disorder
MIE medical improvement expected
MINE medical improvement not expected
MIP medical improvement possible
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
NCCN National Comprehensive Cancer Network
NCI National Cancer Institute
NCS-R National Comorbidity Survey-Replication
NET narrative exposure therapy
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
×
NHIS National Health Interview Survey
NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NIH National Institutes of Health
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
NPRM notice of proposed rule making
NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
NSCLC non-small-cell lung cancer
OA osteoarthritis
OCD obsessive compulsive disorder
ODT orally dissolving tablet
OIG Office of Inspector General
OMB Office of Management and Budget
OR odds ratio
PARP poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
PCL PTSD checklist
PCT present-centered therapy
PD panic disorder
PD-1 programmed cell death protein 1
PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1
PE prolonged exposure
PET positron emission tomography
PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire
PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9
PIK3CA a protein coding gene
PR pulmonary rehabilitation
PROMIS Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System
PsA psoriatic arthritis
PT physical therapy
PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder
QDD Quick Disability Determination
QoL quality of life
RA rheumatoid arthritis
RCT randomized controlled trial
RT radiation therapy
SAD social anxiety disorder
SCLC small-cell lung cancer
SEER Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25662.
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SGA substantial gainful activity
SNRI serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
SRI serotonin reuptake inhibitor
SSA Social Security Administration
SSDI Social Security Disability Insurance
SSI Social Security Insurance
SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
STAR*D Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (study)
SUD substance use disorder
TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation
TNF tumor necrosis factor
TNM tumor, lymph nodes, metastasis
TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone
VA U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
VA/DoD U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and
U.S. Department of Defense
VO2peak volume of oxygen uptake during peak exercise
WFSBP World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
WHO World Health Organization
XR extended release
YBOCS Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
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The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide disability benefits: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. SSDI provides disability benefits to people (under the full retirement age) who are no longer able to work because of a disabling medical condition. SSI provides income assistance for disabled, blind, and aged people who have limited income and resources regardless of their prior participation in the labor force. Both programs share a common disability determination process administered by SSA and state agencies as well as a common definition of disability for adults: "the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months." Disabled workers might receive either SSDI benefits or SSI payments, or both, depending on their recent work history and current income and assets. Disabled workers might also receive benefits from other public programs such as workers' compensation, which insures against work-related illness or injuries occurring on the job, but those other programs have their own definitions and eligibility criteria.

Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment identifies and defines the professionally accepted, standard measurements of outcomes improvement for medical conditions. This report also identifies specific, long-lasting medical conditions for adults in the categories of mental health disorders, cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. Specifically, these conditions are disabling for a length of time, but typically don't result in permanently disabling limitations; are responsive to treatment; and after a specific length of time of treatment, improve to the point at which the conditions are no longer disabling.

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