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NCHRP Web-Only Document 262: Sustainable Highway Construction Stephen T. Muench Giovanni Migliaccio Jessica Kaminsky Milad Zokaei Ashtiani University of Washington Seattle, WA Amlan Mukherjee Chaitanya G. Bhat Michigan Technological University Houghton, MI Jeralee Anderson Greenroads International Redmond, WA Contractorâs Final Report for NCHRP Project 10-91A Submitted December 2018 ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, and was conducted in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FRA, FTA, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, PHMSA, or TDC endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or the program sponsors. The information contained in this document was taken directly from the submission of the author(s). This material has not been edited by TRB.
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CÂ OÂ OÂ PÂ EÂ RÂ AÂ TÂ IÂ VÂ EÂ RÂ EÂ SÂ EÂ AÂ RÂ CÂ HÂ PÂ RÂ OÂ GÂ RÂ AÂ MÂ SÂ CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP Web-Only Document 262 Christopher J. Hedges, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Lori L. Sundstrom, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Ann M. Hartell, Senior Program Officer Jarrel McAfee, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Natalie Barnes, Associate Director of Publications Sreyashi Roy, Editor Kathleen Mion, Senior Editorial Assistant NCHRP PROJECT 10-91A PANEL Field of Materials and ConstructionâArea of Specificiations, Procedures, and Practices Jeff Grossklaus, Michigan DOT, Southfield, MI (Chair) Heather Catron, HDR Engineering, Inc., Portland, OR Shongtao Dai, Minnesota DOT, Maplewood, MN Michael S. Fleming, Washington State DOT, Olympia WA Kurtis Jeffrey Harris, Arizona DOT, Globe, AZ Shannon Sweitzer, S&ME, Inc., Raleigh, NC Leif Wathne, American Concrete Pavement Association, Washington, DC Katherine A. Petros, FHWA Liaison Nancy M. Whiting, TRB Liaison AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research documented in this report was performed as National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 10-91A by the University of Washington, Michigan Technological University and Greenroads International. Stephen Muench, Ph.D., P.E., served as principal investigator for the project, while Giovanni Migliaccio, Ph.D.; Amlan Mukherjee, Ph.D., P.E.; Jeralee Anderson, Ph.D., P.E.; and Jessica Kaminsky, Ph.D., served as co-principal investigators. Other primary authors were Milad Zokaei Ashtiani and Chaitanya Bhat. Key. Contributing authors were Lt. Col. Ryan Howell, Bita Astaneh Asl, James Feracor, and Julian Yamaura. Other contributing authors included Dhrupad Rupwate, Amy Moore, Steven Tuttle, Yousif Almaroof, and Rachel Tan. Catherine Wang also contributed. The authors of this report wish to thank the project review panel for their guidance and input. We also thank all the members of the research team and workshop attendees, as well as the editorial and production staff who contributed to this report.
v CONTENTS Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 1Â 1Â Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5Â 2Â Definition and Frameworks ..................................................................................................... 6Â 2.1Â Sustainability Defined ....................................................................................................... 6Â 2.2Â Frameworks ....................................................................................................................... 7Â 2.3Â Sustainable Construction PracticesTable ......................................................................... 16Â 3Â Literature Review .................................................................................................................. 16Â 3.1Â Method ............................................................................................................................. 16Â 3.2Â Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 17Â 3.3Â Scope ............................................................................................................................... 17Â 3.4Â Organization of this Literature Review ........................................................................... 18Â 3.5Â Program Level ................................................................................................................. 18Â 3.6Â Project Delivery Level ..................................................................................................... 23Â 3.7Â Project Level .................................................................................................................... 28Â 4Â Survey .................................................................................................................................... 84Â 4.1Â Survey Method ................................................................................................................ 84Â 4.2Â Survey Response Summary ............................................................................................. 84Â 4.3Â Views on Sustainability ................................................................................................... 90Â 5Â Interviews .............................................................................................................................. 96Â 5.1Â Interview Method ............................................................................................................ 96Â 5.2Â Interview Subject Selection ............................................................................................. 96Â 5.3Â Interview Structure and Training ..................................................................................... 96Â 5.4Â Interview Summary Data ................................................................................................. 97Â 5.5Â Interview Topic Observations ......................................................................................... 99Â 5.6Â Specific Insight from the Interviews ............................................................................... 99Â 6Â Workshop............................................................................................................................. 107Â 6.1Â Workshop Organization ................................................................................................. 107Â 6.2Â Workshop Findings........................................................................................................ 108Â 7Â SCP Rating Survey .............................................................................................................. 108Â 7.1Â Precautions When Interpreting SCP Ratings ................................................................. 109Â 7.2Â Key Findings ................................................................................................................. 110Â 8Â List of Sustainable Construction Practices .......................................................................... 116Â 9Â Guidebook ........................................................................................................................... 126Â 10Â Future Research Needs ..................................................................................................... 127Â 11Â Potential Implementation Directions ................................................................................ 128Â 12Â References ......................................................................................................................... 129Â Appendix A: Survey Results Summary ...................................................................................... 145Â Appendix B: SCP Rating Survey Results ................................................................................... 183Â Appendix C: Preliminary and Draft Consolidated List of Sustainable Construction Practices...196 Appendix D: Glossary ................................................................................................................ 206