Current Practices in the Use of Onboard Technologies to Avoid Transit Bus Incidents and Accidents (2020)

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61 A P P E N D I X A Survey Questionnaire Draft Survey Questions TCRP Project J-7, Topic SA-45, “Current Practices in the Use of Onboard Technologies to Prevent Transit Bus Incidents and Accidents” This TCRP synthesis will document the current practice and usage of the various onboard technologies used in transit buses. The main objective is to identify the technologies used, and whether these technologies are effective in actual practice . In 2017, there were 4,750 collisions, 16,338 injuries, 98 fatalities, and $694,493,189 in casualty and liability costs involving transit buses. Recognizing the need to improve safety, transit agencies have implemented onboard technologies to provide additional information to their operators and to mitigate collisions through automated responses. Technologies used to reduce accidents include, but are not limited to, the following:  Forward collision warning (FCW)  Mitigation or automated emergency braking  Lane departure warning (LDW)  Electronic stability control (ESC)  Pedestrian and other vulnerable road user detection  Other forms of driver assistance systems To assist the nation’s public transit agencies in making informed decisions related to which technologies to consider, we need your assistance. This survey has been designed to identify collision reduction technologies currently in use at your transit agency, and the effectiveness of those technologies. If any questions are not relevant to your agency, please skip the question or indicate N/A where appropriate. The results of this survey, subsequent case example findings and reporting, and a summary of successful onboarding technologies to prevent transit bus incidents and accidents will be presented in the final TCRP Synthesis SA-45 report. Thank you for your willingness to assist us in the performance of this study. Your input is valuable to the success of this project. 1. Please complete the following information. We will only contact you if we have a question about your survey responses. Name _________________________________________________________________________________ Transit Agency/Company _________________________________________________________________ Address _______________________________________________________________________________ Address 2 ______________________________________________________________________________ City/Town _____________________________________________________________________________ State/Province __________________________________________________________________________ ZIP/Postal Code _________________________________________________________________________ Email Address __________________________________________________________________________ Phone Number _________________________________________________________________________

62 Current Practices in the Use of Onboard Technologies to Avoid Transit Bus Incidents and Accidents 4. How many fixed route buses are operated in peak service? ______________________________________ 5. How many annual bus passenger trips were provided by your agency in calendar year 2017? ___________ Accident Review and Safety Risk Assessment 6. Does your agency examine and track causal or contributing factors in safety accident/incident investigations? Yes No 7. In your review of incidents, do you examine any technology systems in place to determine if the technology was working correctly? Yes No 8. In your opinion, what are the most prevalent causal factors of preventable safety incidents in your agency? (select all that apply) Human factors—not following policy or procedure Human factors—training related Disobeying/not observing traffic laws Distractions Fatigue Substance abuse/misuse Other (please describe) 9. How does your agency identify safety risks? (select all that apply) Tracking data trends Employee close-call or near-miss reporting Internal safety reviews Accident review reports Other employee reporting (verbal, comment cards, supervisor or dispatch observations) Review of bus operator reporting software/telemetric systems (e.g., DriveCam/LYTX or SmartDrive) Customer reports/complaints ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨Other______________________________________________________________________________ System Characteristics 2. How many bus operators does your agency employ? Full-time ______________________________________________________________________________ Part-time ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Indicate the number of buses operated in your fleet by size: Community buses, less than 32-feet, including cutaways ________________________________________ Heavy duty, diesel or hybrid transit buses 32-feet to 42-feet _____________________________________ Electric buses, trolley or battery, 32-feet to 42-feet ____________________________________________ Coaches (35-feet to 45-feet) _______________________________________________________________ Articulated buses (diesel, hybrid, trolley, or battery electric, over 45-feet) __________________________ Double-high or double deck buses __________________________________________________________

Survey Questionnaire 63 11. Please identify the specific collision avoidance technologies you have implemented (select all that apply). If you have not deployed any of these technologies, please indicate by selecting “N/A” from the boxes below. ¨ Automated emergency braking ¨ Driver-view external video monitoring/detection (e.g., onboard video feeds or technologies such as Mobileye) ¨ Electronic stability control (ESC) ¨ Exterior vehicle security cameras ¨ Forward collision warning (FCW) ¨ Lane departure warning (LDW) ¨ Pedestrian and other vulnerable road user detection ¨ Pedestrian warning devices ¨ Special rear vehicle treatments (e.g., lighting configuration or other) ¨N/A ¨Other______________________________________________________________________________ IF N/A is selected, the survey will skip all the way to question 37 12. What collision avoidance technologies identified in question 11, if any, were considered but not utilized by your transit agency? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Would you be willing to share your reasons for not piloting or procuring the collision avoidance technology identified in question 11? ¨ Yes ¨No If yes, please state those reasons. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 14. As it relates to procurement and installation of each collision avoidance technology deployed, please select from the following: ¨ The technology was offered by the transit vehicle manufacturer and installed during final vehicle assembly. ¨ The transit vehicle manufacturer pre-wired vehicles during final vehicle assembly. ¨ The transit vehicles were provided to the technology vendor and application was installed “after market.” ¨ The transit vehicles were modified at the agency location by vendor technicians, agency personnel, or both. Use and Acceptance of Technologies 10. Please identify which safety technologies are utilized or have been considered by your transit agency: (select all that apply) ¨ Door speed interlock ¨ Driver monitoring/reporting programs (e.g., DriveCam/LYTX or SmartDrive) ¨ Electronic data recorders ¨ Front-door brake interlock ¨Modified brake interlock ¨Onboard security cameras ¨ Stop announcements ¨ Vehicle tracking system ¨ Video data recorders ¨Other______________________________________________________________________________

64 Current Practices in the Use of Onboard Technologies to Avoid Transit Bus Incidents and Accidents 18. Have any of these collision avoidance technologies resulted in documented safety improvements? ¨ Yes ¨No If yes, please describe. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19. How are safety improvements measured? (select all that apply) ¨ Perception ¨ Anecdotal evidence ¨ Specific performance metrics with values ¨ Research projects ¨Other _______________________________________________________________________________ 20. What made you consider the collision avoidance technology? Were there specific events or trends that led to the implementation of your onboard collision avoidance technologies? Please describe. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 21. Did you experience any barriers to the implementation of your onboard collision avoidance technologies? Please describe. _________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 22. Did you include labor representatives in the discussion and decision-making associated with the demonstration/deployment of these collision avoidance technologies? ¨ Yes ¨No 23. Did you pilot/test the collision avoidance technology prior to full deployment? ¨ Yes ¨No 24. Did you consider different vendors of the same type of collision avoidance technology prior to deployment? ¨ Yes ¨ No 15. If you did install a collision avoidance technology system on your buses, please indicate the name/type of technology and number of buses outfitted. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 16. How long has each collision avoidance technology been in use at your transit agency? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17. What are the operating environments of the buses with the installed collision avoidance technology? (select all that apply) ¨ Urban ¨ Suburban ¨ Rural

Survey Questionnaire 65 If yes, please describe the survey methods, response rate, and feedback received. ___________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 28. Did operators or other employees react favorably to the installation of collision avoidance technology? ¨ Yes ¨No If yes, please describe. ___________________________________________________________________ 29. Were there any notable changes in operator or other employee reactions to the collision avoidance technology over time? ¨ Yes ¨No If yes, please describe. ___________________________________________________________________ IF NO is selected, the survey will skip to question 31 30. Did the changes in operator or other employee reactions result in changes to the collision avoidance technology? ¨ Yes ¨No If yes, please describe. ___________________________________________________________________ 31. Did the deployment of any technologies result in cost savings to your agency? (i.e., reduced liability payouts, decreased incidents) ¨ Yes ¨No If yes, please describe. ___________________________________________________________________ 32. Have you considered the pros and cons of competing technologies? ¨ Yes ¨No If yes, please describe. ___________________________________________________________________ 25. Did you strategize the installation of collision avoidance technologies by specific agency trends? (i.e., installed on a particular route or type of bus first) ¨ Yes ¨No If yes, please describe. ___________________________________________________________________ 26. Did you provide employee training or orientation to the collision avoidance technology? ¨ Yes ¨No If yes, please describe. ___________________________________________________________________ 27. Did you survey or perform other outreach methods with your bus operators or other employees to obtain feedback on the implementation of the collision avoidance technology? ¨ Yes ¨ No

66 Current Practices in the Use of Onboard Technologies to Avoid Transit Bus Incidents and Accidents If yes, what feedback did you receive? _______________________________________________________ Agency Model Practices or Other Experiences 37. Would you be willing to participate as a case example site for this research project?  Yes  No 38. Please take a moment to share any model practices or other experiences with specific technologies that will assist other transit agencies in reducing transit incidents and improving their safety performance. We value your input. ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 33. Did your vendor agreement include terms for troubleshooting, maintenance, or technical support?  Yes  No If yes, please describe.____________________________________________________________________ 34. Did your vendor agreement include terms for upgrading the technology as it becomes available?  Yes No If yes, please describe. ___________________________________________________________________ 35. If following the initial deployment you elected not to utilize the technology, did the technology vendor remove all equipment?  Yes No 36. Did you perform any community outreach or education on the use of the technologies?  Yes No