THE STATE OF
MENTAL, EMOTIONAL, AND
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH OF
CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN
THE UNITED STATES
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Megan Snair, Rapporteur
Forum for Children’s Well-Being: Promoting
Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health for Children and Youth
Board on Children, Youth, and Families
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the American Board of Pediatrics (Unnumbered Award); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (200-2011-38807, TO #69); Conrad N. Hilton Foundation (17605); Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (2018120); Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHSH250201500001I/75R60219F34017); and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (74234). Additional support came from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Psychological Association, Autism Speaks, Children’s Hospital Association, the Global Alliance for Behavioral Health and Social Justice, the National Federation of Families for Children’s Mental Health, the Nemours Children’s Health System, the Society for Child and Family Policy and Practice, the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, the Society of Pediatric Psychology, Well Being Trust, and ZERO TO THREE. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-67504-8
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-67504-9
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25739
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2020). The State of Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Health of Children and Youth in the United States: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25739.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON THE STATE OF MENTAL, EMOTIONAL, AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN THE UNITED STATES: A WORKSHOP
HAROLYN M.E. BELCHER, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Center for Diversity in Public Health Leadership Training, Kennedy Krieger Institute
CHERYL POLK, Safe & Sound
CARLOS SANTOS, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles
DEBORAH KLEIN WALKER, Global Alliance for Behavioral Health and Social Justice
DAVID WILLIS, Center for the Study of Social Policy
FORUM FOR CHILDREN’S WELL-BEING: PROMOTING COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH
CHERYL POLK (Cochair), Safe & Sound
DAVID W. WILLIS (Cochair), Center for the Study of Social Policy
SANDRA BARRUECO, Catholic University of America
WILLIAM R. BEARDSLEE, Baer Prevention Initiatives and Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Department of Child Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
HAROLYN M.E. BELCHER, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Center for Diversity in Public Health Leadership Training, Kennedy Krieger Institute
RAHIL D. BRIGGS, ZERO TO THREE and Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Group
C. HENDRICKS BROWN, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Preventive Medicine, and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
DEBBIE I. CHANG, Nemours Children’s Health System
TINA CHENG, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
NATHANIEL COUNTS, Montefiore Health System
MARTHA B. DAVIS, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
ROBERT H. DUGGER, Hanover Provident Capital, LLC
ALEXA EGGLESTON, Conrad N. Hilton Foundation
MARY A. FRISTAD, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Psychology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, and Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
LYNDA GARGAN, National Federation of Families for Children’s Mental Health
KIMBERLY E. HOAGWOOD, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine
STEPHANIE M. JONES, Harvard Graduate School of Education
JENNIFER W. KAMINSKI, Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
LAURA KAVANAGH, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration
KELLY J. KELLEHER, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University
AMY WIMPEY KNIGHT, Children’s Hospital Association
LAUREL K. LESLIE, American Board of Pediatrics and Tufts University School of Medicine
MARY ANN MCCABE, Society for Child and Family Policy and Practice and George Washington University School of Medicine
TYLER NORRIS, Well Being Trust
CARLOS E. SANTOS, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles
ANDY SHIH, Autism Speaks
VERA FRANCES “FAN” TAIT, American Academy of Pediatrics
DEBORAH KLEIN WALKER, Global Alliance for Behavioral Health and Social Justice, Boston University School of Public Health, and Family Voices
LESLIE R. WALKER-HARDING, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital
Forum Staff
SUZANNE LE MENESTREL, Director and Senior Program Officer
ERIN KELLOGG, Associate Program Officer
STACEY SMIT, Senior Program Assistant
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Acknowledgments
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings: Thomas F. Boat, dean emeritus of the College of Medicine at the University of Cincinnati and a professor of pediatrics in the Division of Pulmonary Medicine at the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Daniel W. Hatcher, director, Community Partnerships, Alliance for a Healthier Generation; and Deborah Klein Walker, immediate past president, Global Alliance for Behavioral Health and Social Justice.
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by Patrick H. Deleon, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine and the Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies.
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Contents
2 THE STATE OF MENTAL, EMOTIONAL, AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH FOR CHILDREN IN THE UNITED STATES
National Perspectives of Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Health
Benefits of a Health Equity Approach
3 PROMOTING MENTAL, EMOTIONAL, AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH FOR CHILDREN ACROSS SECTORS
Federal- and State-Level Strategies
Local- and Community-Level Strategies
Business and Private-Sector Investment
Health Care and Public Health Strategies
4 IMPLEMENTING A NATIONAL AGENDA
Opportunities and Challenges Across Sectors