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Transit Security Preparedness (2020)

Chapter: References and Further Resources

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123 AECOM Consultants, Inc., Maier Consulting, Inc., and Peter Schauer Associates. 2006. TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security: Volume 10, Hazard and Security Plan Workshop: Instructor Guide. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. American Planning Association. 2013. Community CPTED Quicknotes. APTA. 2010. Recommended Practice: Crime Prevention through Environmental Design for Transit Facilities. SS-SIS-RP-007-10. Approved June 24, 2010. APTA. 2011a. Recommended Practice: Random Counterterrorism Measures on Transit Systems. APTA SS-SRM- RP-006-11. APTA. 2011b. Selection of Cameras, Digital Recording Systems, Digital High-Speed Networks and Trainlines for Use in Transit-Related CCTV Systems. APTA IT-RP-001-07 V1.2. Published June 2011. APTA. 2012. Recommended Practice: Security Awareness Training for Transit Employees. APTA SS-SRM- RP-005-12. Published March, 2012. APTA. 2013a. Recommended Practice: Physical Security for Public Transit. APTA SS-SIS-RP-013-13. Approved March 26, 2013. APTA. 2013b. Recommended Practice: Security Planning for Public Transit. APTA SS-SIS-RP-11-13. Approved March 26, 2013. APTA. 2013c. Recommended Practice: Transit Incident Drill and Exercises. APTA-SS-SEM-S-004-09. APTA. 2013d. Recommended Practice: Securing Control and Communications Systems in Rail Transit Environ- ments, Part II. APTA SS-CCS-RP-002-13. Published June 28, 2013. APTA. 2013e. Transit Security Fundamentals: Security Operations for Public Transit. APTA SS-SIS-RP-012-13. Approved March 26, 2013. APTA. 2014. Standard for Training of Rail Operating Employees. APTA Rail Transit Operating Practices Working Group APTA RT-OP-S-013-03 Rev 1. Published September 28, 2003. Revised December 31, 2014. ASIS International. 2019. Private Security Officer Selection and Training (PSO) Guideline (ASIS PSO-2019). Atlas, R. I. 2018. Building Resiliency: Crime Prevention through Environmental Design, excerpted from the 12th Edition of Architectural Graphic Standards National Institute of Building Sciences. Updated 01-08-2018. BART. 2018. Quality of Life Initiatives: Presentation at APTA Sustainability + Multimodal Planning. BCA Watson Rice LLP, Strategic Policy Partnership, LLC, and MacMillan, P. 2015. Review of Metro Law Enforcement and Security Options. Office of the Inspector General, Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, CA. Billings, S. B., Leland, S., and Swindell, D. 2011. The Effects of the Announcement and Opening of Light Rail Transit Stations on Neighborhood Crime. Journal of Urban Affairs, 33(5), 549–566. Blake, R., and Uccardi, M, 2008. Security Manpower Planning Model, Final Report, May 2008. Blanchard, B. W. 2008. Guide to Emergency Management and Related Terms, Definitions, Concepts, Acronyms, Organizations, Programs, Guidance, Executive Orders and Legislation. FEMA, Washington, D.C. Boyle, D. K. 2016. TCRP Synthesis 121: Transit Agency Practices in Interacting with People Who Are Homeless: A Synthesis of Transit Practice. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Breitenbach, S. 2016. Seen and Heard: Bus Surveillance Stirs Controversy. USA Today, March 24, 2016. Brown, R. 2013. Getting Safety on Track: Expanding Edmonton’s LRT Design Guidelines to Improve Women’s Perceptions of Safety at Transit Stations. Master’s report. School of Urban and Regional Planning, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON. Ceccato, V. 2013. Moving Safely: Crime and Perceived Safety in Stockholm’s Subway Stations. Lanham, Lexington. Center of Excellence for Homeland Security-Emergency Management. 2019. National Preparedness Cycle. References and Further Resources

124 Transit Security Preparedness Countermeasures Assessment and Security Experts, LLC, and Transportation Resource Associates, Inc. 2017. TCRP Research Report 193: Tools and Strategies for Eliminating Assaults Against Transit Operators. Two volumes: Volume 1, Research Overview; Volume 2, User Guide. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Countermeasures Assessment and Security Experts, LLC, Waite & Associates, and Nakanishi Research and Consulting, LLC. 2007. TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security: Volume 13, Public Transportation Passenger Security Inspections: A Guide for Policy Decision Makers. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Countermeasures Assessment and Security Experts, LLC, and Western Management and Consulting LLC. 2016. NCHRP Web-Only Document 221 and TCRP Web-Only Document 67: Protection of Transportation Infrastruc- ture from Cyber Attacks: A Primer. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Cozens, P. M., Neale, R. H., Whitaker, J., and Hillier, D. 2002. Investigating Perceptions of Personal Security on the Valley Lines Rail Network in South Wales. World Transport Policy & Practice, 8(1), 19–29. Cozens, P., Neale, R., Whitaker, J., and Hillier, D. 2003a. Investigating Personal Safety at Railway Stations Using “Virtual Reality” Technology. Facilities, 21, 188–194. Cozens, P., Neale, R., Whitaker, J., and Hillier, D. 2003b. Managing Crime and the Fear of Crime at Railway Stations––A Case Study in South Wales (UK). International Journal of Transport Management, 1, 121–132. Cozens, P., Neale, R., Hillier, D., Whitaker, J., and Trains, W. 2004. Tackling Crime and Fear of Crime while Waiting at Britain’s Railway Stations. Journal of Public Transportation, 7, 23–42. Cozens, P. M., Saville, G., and Hillier, D. 2005. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED): A Review and Modern Bibliography. Property Management, 23(5), 328–356. Cozens, P., and van der Linde, T. 2015. Perceptions of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) at Australian Railway Stations. Journal of Public Transportation, 18(4), 73–92. Cronin, B., Riches C., Majumdar, E., Thompson, C., Jenkins, J., Weisenford, J., Alexander, A., Ortiz, S., and Bond, A. 2018. TCRP Research Report 199: Transit Technical Training, Volume 2: Guide to Overcoming Barriers to Implementing Best and Innovative Training. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Currie, G., Delbosc, A., and Mahmoud, S. 2013. Factors Influencing Young Peoples’ Perceptions of Personal Safety on Public Transport. Journal of Public Transportation, 16. Delbosc, A., and Currie, G. 2012. Modelling the Causes and Impacts of Personal Safety Perceptions on Public Transport Ridership. Transport Policy, 24, 302–309. Edwards, F., and Goodrich, D. C. 2014. Exercise Handbook: What Transportation Security and Emergency Preparedness Leaders Need to Know to Improve Emergency Preparedness, MTI Report 12-08. Mineta Trans- portation Institute Publications. Edwards, F., Haas P., and Rohlich, N. 2010. Exploring the Effectiveness of Transit Security Awareness Campaigns in the San Francisco Bay Area. Mineta Transportation Institute, San Jose, CA. Falanga, M. 1989. Reducing Crime through Design in the Chicago Subway System. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Felson, M., Belanger, M. E., Bichler, G. M., Bruzinski, C. D., Campbell, G. S., Fried, C. L., Grofik, K. C., Mazur, I. S., O’Regan, A. B., and Sweeney, P. J. 1996. Redesigning Hell: Preventing Crime and Disorder at the Port Authority Bus Terminal. Preventing Mass Transit Crime, 6, 5–93. Felson, M., Dickman, D., Glenn, D., Kelly, L., Lambard, G., Maher, L., Nelson-Green, L., Ortega, C., Preiser, T., and Rajedran, A. 1990. Preventing Crime at Newark Subway Stations. Security Journal, 1, 137–142. Ferrell, C., Mathur, S., and Mendoza, E. 2008. Neighborhood Crime and Travel Behavior: An Investigation of the Influence of Neighborhood Crime Rates on Mode Choice. Report 0702. Mineta Transportation Institute. FEMA. 2010. Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 101, Version 2. Washington, D.C. FEMA. 2018a. Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 201: Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) and Stakeholder Preparedness Review (SPR) Guide, Third Edition. Washington, D.C. FEMA. 2018b. Federal Emergency Management Agency 2018–2022 Strategic Plan. Washington, D.C. Ferrell, C., Mathur, S., and Mendoza, E. 2008. Neighborhood Crime and Travel Behavior: An Investigation of the Influence of Neighborhood Crime Rates On Mode Choice, Report 0702. Mineta Transportation Institute. Frazier, E., Sr. 2015. TCRP Report 180: Policing and Security Practices for Small- and Medium-Sized Public Transit Systems. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Frazier, E. R., and Bye, P. Forthcoming. TCRP Legal Research Digest J-5: Codes of Conduct on Transit Vehicles and Property: Legal Issues. Study Topic 18-02, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Frazier, E. R., Bye, P., Nakanishi, Y., and Matherly, D. Forthcoming. NCHRP Research Report 931: A Guide to Emergency Management at State Transportation Agencies, Second Edition. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Frazier, E. R., Sr., Ekern, D. S., Smith, M. C., Western, J. L., and Bye, P. G. 2014. NCHRP Report 793: Incorporating Transportation Security Awareness into Routine State DOT Operations and Training. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C.

References and Further Resources 125 Frazier, E. R., Nakanishi, Y., and Lorimer, M. A. 2009. NCHRP Report 525: Surface Transportation Security, Volume 14: Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Frazier, E. R., Western, J., Bye, P., Fletcher, D., Nakanishi, Y., and Auza, P. Forthcoming. NCHRP Research Report 930: Security 101: A Physical Security and Cybersecurity Primer for Transportation Agencies. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. FTA. 2002. FTA Safety and Security Certification Handbook. Federal Transit Administration, Washington, D.C. FTA. 2003. Public Transportation System Security and Emergency Preparedness Planning Guide. Federal Transit Administration, Washington, D.C. FTA. 2004. Transit Security Design Considerations. FTA-TRI-MA-26-7085-05. FTA. 2011. TRACS 10-01 Report: Implementing Safety Management System Principles in Transit Agencies. FTA Transit Rail Advisory Committee for Safety (TRACS). FTA. 2019. Transit Rail Advisory Committee for Safety (TRACS) Safety Data Analysis, March 26–27. General Accounting Office. 2001. Testimony before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations; House Committee on Government Reform. Homeland Security: Key Elements of a Risk Management Approach. GAO 02-15T, Released October 12. Goodyear, S. 2015. More Women Ride Mass Transit Than Men. Shouldn’t Transit Agencies Be Catering to Them? CityLab, January 30. Greenberg, M., Herb, J., and Mayer, H. 2012. Review of the Maryland Transit Administration’s (MTA) 2011 and 2010 Customer Ridership Survey. Report of the Center for Transportation Safety, Security and Risk, New Brunswick, NJ. Haider, R., and Martinez, E., 2014. Engaging Transit Riders in Public Awareness Programs, Journal of Public Transportation, 17(1). Haider, R., Reed, S., and Herb, J. 2012. Engagement of Minority Communities in Public Awareness Programs, Phase II, Final Report. Report of the National Transportation Security Center of Excellence, Washington, D.C. Haider, R., Reed, S., and Shaw, J. 2011. Engagement of Minority Communities in Public Awareness Programs. Phase I, Final Report. Report of the National Transportation Security Center of Excellence, Washington, D.C. Hamilton, B. A. 2003. Investigation into Public Transport Passenger Safety and Security on the Arterial Road Network. VicRoads R&D Project, Melbourne, Australia. Hamilton, B. A. 2007. Personal Security in Public Transport Travel–Problems, Issues, and Solutions. Land Transport New Zealand Research Report. Henstock, D., and Ariel, B. 2017. Testing the Effects of Body Worn Video on Police Use of Force during Arrest: A Randomized Controlled Trial. European Journal of Criminology, 14(6), 720–750. Hess, D. B. 2006. Security on Buses and Trains: Guarding the Nation’s Public Transit Systems against Terrorist Attacks. Journal of Security Education, 1(4), 119–132. Ingalls, G. L., Hartgen, D. T., and Owens, T. W. 1994. Public Fear of Crime and Its Role in Bus Transit Use. In Transportation Research Record 1433. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp. 201–211. International Centre for the Prevention of Crime. 2016. 5th International Report on Crime Prevention and Community Safety: Cities and the New Urban Agenda. Jenkins, B. M. 2017. The Challenge of Protecting Transit and Passenger Rail: Understanding How Security Works Against Terrorism. MTI Report 12-74, Mineta Transportation Institute Publications. Jenkins, B. M., and Butterworth, B. R. 2018. Does “See Something, Say Something” Work? MTI Project SP 11-18, Mineta Transportation Institute Publications. Kennedy, D.M. 2008. Personal Security in Public Transport Travel In New Zealand: Problems, Issues and Solutions. Report 344, Land Transport New Zealand. Kirby, J. 2014. MTA Will Try to Teach Subway Etiquette to Backpackers and “Man-Spreaders.” New York Magazine, November 18. LA Metro. 2019. Metro Board Approves Contract Extension for Ongoing Homeless Outreach Services on the Metro System. Press release, May 23. Litman, T. 2016. Safer Than You Think!: Revising the Transit Safety Narrative. Victoria Transport Policy Institute, Victoria, BC. London Metropolitan Police. 2012. It’s Probably Nothing, but. . . . Consumer security awareness campaign. Loukaitou-Sideris, A. 2009. How to Ease Women’s Fear of Transportation Environments: Case Studies and Best Practices. Mineta Transportation Institute. Loukaitou-Sideris, A., Liggett, R., and Iseki, H., 2010. The Geography of Transit Crime: Documentation and Evaluation of Crime Incidence on and around the Green Line Stations in Los Angeles. University of California Transportation Center. Loukaitou-Sideris, A. 2004. Is It Safe to Walk Here? Paper presented at the Conference Proceedings Research on Women’s Issues in Transportation: Report of a conference, Chicago, IL, 18–20 November. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board.

126 Transit Security Preparedness Loukaitou-Sideris, A. 2015. Intimidate Riders: US Women’s Perspectives about Safety in Transit Settings. In Safety and Security in Transit Environments (V. Ceccato and A. Newton, eds.), Palgrave, Basingstoke, UK, pp. 291–308. Loukaitou-Sideris A., Liggett R., Iseki H., and Thurlow, W. 2001. Measuring the Effects of Built Environment on Bus Stop Crime. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 28(2), 255–280. Lowrie, K. W., Shaw, J. A., and Greenberg, M. R. 2011. Assessment of Surface Transportation Security Training Needs and Delivery Preferences. Journal of Public Transportation, 14(4), 6. Lusk, A. 2001. Bus and Bus Stop Designs Related to Perceptions of Crime. Report No. FTA MI-26-7004-2001.8. MARTA. 2018. MARTA Police Prepare for Super Bowl LIII during Region’s Largest Emergency Preparedness Exercise. Mass Transit, November 27. Martin, J. 2011. The Incidence and Fear of Transit Crime: A Review of the Literature. 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References and Further Resources 127 Redfern, H. 2017. “See Something Say Something” Gets a Technological Assist. Metro Magazine, September 1. Ringerud, T. 2014. 26 Things You’ll See On Public Transportation, BuzzFeed (www.buzzfeed.com); at www. buzzfeed.com/awesomer/things-youll-see-on-public-transportation. Ross, C., and Stein, J. 1985. Business and Residential Perceptions of a Proposed Rail Station: Implications for Transit Planning. Transportation Quarterly, 39(4), 483–493. Rossi, R., and Golab, A. 2013. More CTA Cameras Haven’t Stopped Increase in Crime. Chicago Sun-Times. Chicago. Rural Transit Assistance Program. 2019. Strategies for Building Awareness, Image, and Support. Saville, G. 1991. Transdisciplinary, Environmental Criminology and the Toronto Subway Security Audit. Security Journal, 2(4). Saville, G., and Cleveland, G. 2008. Second-generation CPTED: The Rise and Fall of Opportunity Theory. In 21st Century Security and CPTED: Designing for Critical Infrastructure Protection and Crime Prevention, Chapter 7 (R. Atlas, ed.). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 79–90. Scauzillo, S. 2018. LA County Metro Board Votes for Major Expansion of Homeless Outreach Program. Daily Bulletin, March 22. Schulz, D. M., Forte, M., Gilbert, E., Levine, N., and Sullivan, J. 1997. TCRP Web-Only Document 15: Guidelines for the Effective Use of Uniformed Transit Police and Security Personnel. Contractor’s Final Report, TCRP Project F-6. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Schulz, D. M., and Gilbert, S. 2011. TCRP Synthesis 90: Video Surveillance Uses by Rail Transit Agencies. Transpor- tation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Shaw, J. 2011. Security Awareness Campaigns: The Origins of Transit Watch and If You See Something, Say Something™. Report of the Center for Transportation Safety, Security and Risk, New Brunswick, N.J. Smith, M. J. 2008. Addressing the Security Needs of Women Passengers on Public Transport. Security Journal, 21(1), 117–133. Smith, R. H. 2016. Manspreading through the Ages: MTA Explains How “Transit Etiquette” Evolved. Web blog, April 3. Sneider, J. 2016. Transit Security: Agencies Emphasize Technology, Personnel to Protect Riders, Employees and Assets. Progressive Railroading, January. Starcic, J. 2015. Can Courtesy Campaigns Curb the “Trashing” of Transit? Metro Magazine, June 30. Stoneburner, G., Goguen, A. Y., and Feringa, A. 2002. NIST Special Publication 800-30. Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, D.C. Thomas, L. W. 2018. TCRP Legal Research Digest 52: Legal Implications of Video Surveillance on Transit Systems. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Thomson, B., I. Matos, and J. Previdi. 2016. 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Uzzel, D., Breakwell, G., and Brown, J. 2003. Public Perceptions and Attitudes towards Crime, Safety and Security in Three International Railway Stations: Waterloo, La Gare de Lyon and Roma Termini. International Union of Railways: Man-Made Interface Project Final Report, UIC. Van Andel, Henk. 1989. Crime Prevention That Works: The Care of Public Transport in the Netherlands. The British Journal of Criminology, 29(1), 47–56.

128 Transit Security Preparedness Vancouver Police, Report to Community, 2017. Vilalta, C. 2011. Fear of Crime in Public Transport: Research in Mexico City. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 13(3), 171–186. Volinski, Joel. 2012. Implementation and Outcomes of Fare-Free Transit Systems. No. 101. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Wallace, C. E., Boyd, A., Sergent, J., Singleton, A., and Lockwood, S. 2010. NCHRP Report 525: Surface Trans- portation Security, Volume 16: A Guide to Emergency Response Planning at State Transportation Agencies. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Welsh, B. C., and Farrington, D. 2008. Effects of Closed Circuit Television Surveillance on Crime. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 1–73. WMATA. 2018. Understanding Sexual Harassment on Public Transportation, April 11. WMATA. 2019. New Metro Ads Highlight How YOU can STOP Harassment. WMATA. 2019. New Metro Campaign Aims to STOP Harassment, News Release, April 8, 2019. WSP. 2018. Metrolink System-Wide Security Assessment Best Practices Report. WSP. 2018. Metrolink System-Wide Security Assessment Recommendations Report. Yavuz, N. and Welch, E. W. 2010. Addressing Fear of Crime in Public Space: Gender Differences in Reaction to Safety Measures in Train Transit. Urban Studies, 47, 2491–2515. Yokum, D., Ravishankar, A., and Coppock, A. 2017. Evaluating the Effects of Police Body-Worn Cameras: A Ran- domized Controlled Trial. The LAB @ DC. APTA Security Documents and Recommended Practices APTA Security Documents APTA Number Title APTA-BTS-BO-RP-001-07 Recommended Practice for Transit Bus Operator Training APTA-BTS-BO-RP-002-07 Recommended Practice for Transit Supervisor Training APTA IT-RP-001-07 V1.2 The Selection of Cameras, Digital Recording Systems, Digital High Speed Train-lines and Networks for use in Transit related CCTV Systems APTA SS-SRM-RP-001-09 Recommended Practice for the Development and Implementation of a Security and Emergency Preparedness Plan (SEPP) APTA SS-SRM-RP-003-09 Recommended Practice Conducting Nonrevenue Vehicle Security Inspections APTA SS-SEM-RP-004-09 General Guidance on Transit Incident Drills and Exercises APTA-SS-SRM-RP-009-09 Recommended Practice Identifying Suspicious Behavior in Mass Transit APTA SS-SIS-RP-001-10 Security Lighting for Transit Passenger Facilities APTA SS-SIS-RP-002-10 Security Lighting for Nonrevenue Transit Passenger Facilities APTA-SS-SRM-WP-002-10 White Paper on Random Inspections of Carry-On Items in Transit Systems APTA SS-SIS-RP-003-10 Fencing Systems to Control Access to Transit Facilities APTA SS-SIS-RP-004-10 Chain Link, Mesh, or Woven Metal Fencing Systems to Control Access to Transit Facilities APTA SS-SIS-RP-005-10 Gates to Control Access to Transit Facilities APTA SS-SIS-RP-006-10 Ornamental Fencing Systems to Control Access to Transit Facilities APTA SS-SIS-RP-007-10 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design for Transit Facilities APTA SS-SIS-RP-008-10 Bus Stops Design and Placement Security Considerations APTA IT-CCTV-RP-001-11 Selection of Cameras, Digital Recording Systems, Digital High-Speed Networks and Trainlines for Use in Transit-Related CCTV Systems. Recommended Practice. + APTA-SS-SRM-RP-006-11 Random Counterterrorism Measures on Transit Systems APTA-SS-SRM-RP-007-12 Recognizing and Responding to Unattended Packages, Objects and Baggage APTA SS-SIS-RP-009-12 Anti-Vehicle Barriers for Public Transit APTA SS-SIS-S-010-13 Security Considerations for Public Transit APTA SS-SIS-RP-012-13 Security Operations for Public Transit APTA SS-SIS-RP-11-13 Security Planning for Public Transit APTA SS-SIS-RP-013-13 Physical Security for Public Transit APTA SS-SIS-RP-15-13 Equipment and Technology for Public Transit APTA-SS-SEM-S-004-09 Transit Incident Drill and Exercises APTA SS_SIS_RP_012-13 APTA Transit Security Fundamentals: Security Operations for Public Transit APTA-SS-SRM-RP-005-12 Security Awareness Training for Transit Employees

References and Further Resources 129 APTA Security-Related Documents by Category Control and Communications Security APTA-SS-CCS-RP-001-10 Securing Control and Communications Systems in Transit Environments Part 1 APTA-SS-CCS-RP-002-13 Securing Control and Communications Systems in Rail Transit Environments Part 2 APTA-SS-CCS-WP-003-15 Securing Control and Communications Systems in Rail Transit Environments, Part IIIa APTA SS-CCS-RP-004-16 Securing Control and Communications Systems in Rail Transit Environments Part IIIb Enterprise Cybersecurity APTA SS-ECS-RP-001-14 Cybersecurity Considerations for Public Transit Infrastructure & Systems Security APTA-SS-SIS-RP-001-10 Security Lighting for Transit Passenger Facilities APTA-SS-SIS-RP-002-10 Security Lighting for Nonrevenue Transit Facilities APTA-SS-SIS-RP-003-10 Fencing Systems to Control Access to Transit Facilities APTA-SS-SIS-RP-004-10 Chain Link, Mesh, or Woven Metal Fencing Systems to Control Access APTA-SS-SIS-RP-005-10 Gates to Control Access to Revenue and Nonrevenue Transit Facilities APTA-SS-SIS-RP-006-10 Ornamental Fencing Systems to Control Access at Transit Facilities APTA-SS-SIS-RP-007-10 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) APTA-SS-SIS-RP-008-10 Bus Stop Design and Placement Security Considerations APTA-SS-SIS-RP-009-12 Anti-Vehicle Barriers For Public Transit APTA SS-SIS-S-010-13 Security Considerations for Public Transit APTA SS-SIS-RP-11-13 Security Planning for Public Transit APTA SS-SIS-RP-012-13 Security Operations for Public Transit

130 Transit Security Preparedness APTA SS-SIS-RP-013-13 Physical Security for Public Transit APTA SS-SIS-WP-014-13 Trash and Recycling Receptacles for Transit Facilities APTA-SS-SIS-RP-015-13 Equipment and Technology APTA SS-SIS-RP-016-15 Tunnel Security for Public Transit APTA-SS-SRM-RP-001-09 Development and Implementation of a Security and Emergency Preparedness Plan (SEPP) APTA-SS-SRM-WP-002-10 Random Inspections of Carry-On Items in Transit Systems APTA SS-SRM-RP-003-09 Conducting Nonrevenue Vehicle Security Inspections APTA-SS-SRM-RP-004-11 Conducting Background Investigations APTA-SS-SRM-RP-005-12 Security Awareness Training APTA-SS-SRM-RP-006-11 Random Counterterrorism Measures on Transit Systems APTA-SS-SRM-RP-007-12 Recognizing and Responding to Unattended Packages, Objects and Baggage APTA-SS-SRM-RP-009-09 Identifying Suspicious Behavior in Mass Transit APTA-SS-SRM-RP-012-09 Conducting Revenue Vehicle Security Inspections Security Emergency Management APTA-SS-SEM-S-001-08 Continuity of Operations Plan APTA SS-SEM-RP-002-08 First Responder Familiarization of Transit Systems APTA-SS-SEM-S-003-08 Security & Emergency Management Aspects of Special Event Service APTA-SS-SEM-S-004-09 Transit Incident Drills and Exercises APTA-SS-SEM-S-005-09 Developing a Contagious Virus Response Plan APTA-SS-SEM-S-006-09 Shelter of Transit Vehicles and Nonrevenue Equipment During Emergencies

References and Further Resources 131 APTA-SS-SEM-RP-007-09 Creating an Alternate or Backup OCC APTA-SS-SEM-RP-008-09 Safe Mail and Package Handling APTA-SS-SEM-RP-009-09 Emergency Communication Strategies for Transit Agencies APTA-SS-SEM-RP-011-09 Participating in Mutual Aid APTA-SS-SEM-WP-013-10 Operational Strategies for Emergency Smoke Ventilation in Tunnel

Next: Endnotes »
Transit Security Preparedness Get This Book
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Sixty percent of the transit-industry practitioners surveyed rate their transit agency’s efforts to address their major security challenges as somewhat or very successful. However, only 25 percent say they have implemented any security-risk-reduction program that they consider to be exceptional or exemplary.

The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Synthesis 146: Transit Security Preparedness identifies current practices transit systems can use to enhance their security measures and to identify opportunities to apply security technology applications used in other industries to the transit environment.

One size does not fit all in the context of transit security. However, there are common themes in all effective security preparedness approaches.

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