Environmental Neuroscience
Advancing the Understanding of
How Chemical Exposures Impact
Brain Health and Disease
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Lisa Bain, Sheena M. Posey Norris, and Clare Stroud, Rapporteurs
Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders
Board on Health Sciences Policy
Health and Medicine Division
Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
Division on Earth and Life Studies
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
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This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and Alzheimer’s Association; Cohen Veterans Bioscience; Department of Health and Human Services’ Food and Drug Administration (5R13FD005362-05) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) (75N98019F00769 [Under Master Base HHSN263201800029I]) through National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research; Department of Veterans Affairs (VA240-14-C-0057); Eisai Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; Gatsby Charitable Foundation; Janssen Research & Development, LLC; Lundbeck Research USA; Merck Research Laboratories; The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research; National Multiple Sclerosis Society; National Science Foundation (DBI-1839674); One Mind; Sanofi; Society for Neuroscience; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc.; The University of Rhode Island; and Wellcome Trust. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-68309-8
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-68309-2
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25937
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Copyright 2020 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Environmental neuroscience: Advancing the understanding of how chemical exposures impact brain health and disease: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25937.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE1
DEBORAH CORY-SLECHTA (Co-Chair), Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry
WALTER KOROSHETZ (Co-Chair), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health
PATRICK BREYSSE, National Center for Environmental Health, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
RAY DORSEY, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry
CARL HILL, Alzheimer’s Association
FRANCES JENSEN, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
DAVID JETT, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health
CINDY LAWLER, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health
GARY MILLER, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
TREVOR PENNING, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
ALLISON WILLIS, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
Health and Medicine Division Staff
CLARE STROUD, Director, Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders
SHEENA M. POSEY NORRIS, Program Officer
PHOENIX WILSON, Senior Program Assistant
ANDREW M. POPE, Senior Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy
__________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
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FORUM ON NEUROSCIENCE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS1
FRANCES JENSEN (Co-Chair), University of Pennsylvania
JOHN KRYSTAL (Co-Chair), Yale University
SUSAN AMARA, National Institute of Mental Health
RITA BALICE-GORDON, Muna Therapeutics
KATJA BROSE, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
EMERY BROWN, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JOSEPH BUXBAUM, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
SARAH CADDICK, Gatsby Charitable Foundation
MARIA CARRILLO, Alzheimer’s Association
EDWARD CHANG, University of California, San Francisco
TIMOTHY COETZEE, National Multiple Sclerosis Society
JONATHAN COHEN, Princeton University
ROBERT CONLEY, Eli Lilly and Company
JAMES DESHLER, National Science Foundation
BILLY DUNN, Food and Drug Administration
MICHAEL EGAN, Merck Research Laboratories
NITA FARAHANY, Duke University
JOSHUA GORDON, National Institute of Mental Health
MAGALI HAAS, Cohen Veterans Bioscience
RAMONA HICKS, One Mind
RICHARD HODES, National Institute on Aging
STUART HOFFMAN, Department of Veterans Affairs
JONATHAN HORSFORD, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
YASMIN HURD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
STEVEN HYMAN, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
MICHAEL IRIZARRY, Eisai Inc.
GEORGE KOOB, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
WALTER KOROSHETZ, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
STORY LANDIS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Director Emeritus)
ALAN LESHNER, American Association for the Advancement of Science (Emeritus)
__________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
JOSEPH MENETSKI, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
STEVEN PAUL, Voyager Therapeutics
EMILIANGELO RATTI, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc.
TODD SHERER, The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research DAVID SHURTLEFF, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
SANTA TUMMINIA, National Eye Institute
NORA VOLKOW, National Institute on Drug Abuse
ANDREW WELCHMAN, Wellcome Trust
DOUG WILLIAMSON, Lundbeck
STEVIN ZORN, MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc.
Health and Medicine Division Staff
CLARE STROUD, Forum Director
SHEENA M. POSEY NORRIS, Program Officer
PHOENIX WILSON, Senior Program Assistant
BARDIA MASSOUDKHAN, Senior Finance Business Partner
ANDREW M. POPE, Senior Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy
BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY
WILLIAM H. FARLAND (Chair), Colorado State University
LESA AYLWARD, Summit Toxicology, LLP
ANN M. BARTUSKA, Resources for the Future
GERMAINE M. BUCK LOUIS, George Mason University
E. WILLIAM COLGLAZIER, American Association for the Advancement of Science
FRANCESCA DOMINICI, Harvard University
GEORGE M. GRAY, The George Washington University
R. JEFFREY LEWIS, ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc.
LINSEY MARR, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
R. CRAIG POSTLEWAITE, Department of Defense (Retired)
REZA J. RASOULPOUR, Corteva Agriscience
IVAN RUSYN, Texas A&M University
DEBORAH L. SWACKHAMER, Public Health Institute
JOSHUA TEWKSBURY, Future Earth
SACOBY M. WILSON, University of Maryland
Division on Earth and Life Studies Staff
CLIFFORD DUKE, Board Director
RAYMOND WASSEL, Scholar
TAMARA DAWSON, Program Coordinator
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Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by MARK CULLEN, Stanford University. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.
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Contents
Organization of the Proceedings
2 NEUROTOXICANTS AND THEIR RISKS TO HUMAN HEALTH
Agricultural Chemicals: Herbicides, Pesticides, Insecticides, and Fungicides
Industrial Chemicals and Flame-Retardant Chemicals
Assessing the Risk of Exposures
3 THE EXPOSOME AND EXPLORING THE MULTIPLE FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO NEUROTOXICITY
4 CHEMICAL TOXICANTS AS DRIVERS OF ABNORMAL NEURODEVELOPMENT AND NEURODEGENERATION
Neurodevelopment, Autism, and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
5 RESEARCH GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES
New Tools Are Advancing Environmental Neuroscience
Population and Real-World Studies
6 POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR ACTION AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATIONS
Policy Implications for Environmental Neuroscience