Sex Differences in Brain Disorders
Emerging Transcriptomic Evidence
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Lisa Bain, Sheena M. Posey Norris, and Clare Stroud, Rapporteurs
Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders
Board on Health Sciences Policy
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and Alzheimer’s Association; Cohen Veterans Bioscience; Department of Health and Human Services’ Food and Drug Administration (5R13FD005362-05 and 1R13FD005362-06) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) (75N98019F00469 [Under Master Base HHSN263201800029I]) through the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research, and NIH BRAIN Initiative; Department of Veterans Affairs (36C24E20C0009); Eisai Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; Gatsby Charitable Foundation; Janssen Research & Development, LLC; Lundbeck Research USA; Merck Research Laboratories; The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research; National Multiple Sclerosis Society; National Science Foundation (DBI-1839674); One Mind; Sanofi; Society for Neuroscience; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc.; and Wellcome Trust. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-26510-2
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-26510-X
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/26058
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Sex differences in brain disorders: Emerging transcriptomic evidence: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26058.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON SEX DIFFERENCES IN BRAIN DISORDERS1
ERIC NESTLER (Chair), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
LI GAN, Weill Cornell Medical College
JOHN KRYSTAL, Yale University
HEATHER SNYDER, Alzheimer’s Association
RITA VALENTINO, National Institute on Drug Abuse
DONNA WERLING, University of Wisconsin–Madison
STEVIN ZORN, MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc.
Health and Medicine Division Staff
CLARE STROUD, Director, Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders
SHEENA M. POSEY NORRIS, Program Officer
PHOENIX WILSON, Senior Program Assistant (until October 2020)
ANDREW M. POPE, Senior Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
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FORUM ON NEUROSCIENCE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS1
FRANCES JENSEN (Co-Chair), University of Pennsylvania
JOHN KRYSTAL (Co-Chair), Yale University
SUSAN AMARA, National Institute of Mental Health
RITA BALICE-GORDON, Muna Therapeutics
KATJA BROSE, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
EMERY BROWN, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JOSEPH BUXBAUM, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
SARAH CADDICK, Gatsby Charitable Foundation
MARIA CARRILLO, Alzheimer’s Association
EDWARD CHANG, University of California, San Francisco
TIMOTHY COETZEE, National Multiple Sclerosis Society
JONATHAN COHEN, Princeton University
ROBERT CONLEY, Eli Lilly and Company
JAMES DESHLER, National Science Foundation
BILLY DUNN, Food and Drug Administration
MICHAEL EGAN, Merck Research Laboratories
NITA FARAHANY, Duke University
JOSHUA GORDON, National Institute of Mental Health
MAGALI HAAS, Cohen Veterans Bioscience
RAMONA HICKS, One Mind
RICHARD HODES, National Institute on Aging
STUART HOFFMAN, Department of Veterans Affairs
JONATHAN HORSFORD, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
YASMIN HURD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
STEVEN HYMAN, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
MICHAEL IRIZARRY, Eisai Inc.
GEORGE KOOB, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
WALTER KOROSHETZ, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
STORY LANDIS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
ALAN LESHNER, American Association for the Advancement of Science (Emeritus)
JOSEPH MENETSKI, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
JOHN NGAI, National Institutes of Health BRAIN Initiative
STEVEN PAUL, Karuna Therapeutics, Inc.
SARAH SHEIKH, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc.
TODD SHERER, The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research
DAVID SHURTLEFF, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
SANTA TUMMINIA, National Eye Institute
NORA VOLKOW, National Institute on Drug Abuse
ANDREW WELCHMAN, Wellcome Trust
DOUG WILLIAMSON, Lundbeck
RICHARD WOYCHIK, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
STEVIN ZORN, MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc.
Health and Medicine Division Staff
CLARE STROUD, Forum Director
CHANEL MATNEY, Program Officer (from October 2020)
SHEENA M. POSEY NORRIS, Program Officer
PHOENIX WILSON, Senior Program Assistant (until October 2020)
KIMBERLY SUTTON, Senior Program Assistant (from October 2020)
CHRISTIE BELL, Finance Business Partner (from October 2020)
BARDIA MASSOUDKHAN, Senior Finance Business Partner (until September 2020)
ANDREW M. POPE, Senior Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by ELI ADASHI, Brown University. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.
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Contents
Organization of the Proceedings
2 TRANSCRIPTOMIC EVIDENCE FOR SEX DIFFERENCES IN STRESS- AND REWARD-RELATED DISORDERS
Additional Factors Contributing to Sex Differences in Stress- and Reward-Related Disorders
3 TRANSCRIPTOMIC EVIDENCE FOR SEX DIFFERENCES IN NEURODEVELOPMENTAL AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS