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Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models (2021)

Chapter: Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire

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Page 45
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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Page 47
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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Page 47
Page 48
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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Page 48
Page 49
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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Page 49
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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Page 51
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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Page 52
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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Page 53
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
×
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Page 54
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
×
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Page 55
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
×
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Page 56
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
×
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Page 57
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
×
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Page 59
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26085.
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45 Survey Questionnaire A P P E N D I X A

46 Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models Email to Potential Participants From: NCHRP Staff To: Members of AASHTO Standing Committee on Construction Subject: NCHRP Project 20-05/Synthesis Topic 51-01: Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models Dear AASHTO Committee on Construction (COC) Member, Hope you had a safe and wonderful holiday season and Happy New Year! The Transportation Research Board (TRB), through the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), under the sponsorship of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is preparing a synthesis report on Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. The purpose of this questionnaire is to identify state DOT use, evaluation, and perceptions of DTMs in the construction of highway projects. The results of the survey will be incorporated into a synthesis of highway practice, with the intent of helping DOTs evaluate and improve their DTM practices. This survey is being sent to each state DOT’s voting member of the AASHTO COC for distribution to applicable employees. If you are not the appropriate person at your agency to complete this questionnaire, please forward this request to the correct person. A PDF copy of the survey is attached to see the questions to help determine who is best to take the electronic survey. Please compete and submit this survey by January 24, 2020. We estimate that it should take no more than 30 minutes to complete. If you have any questions or problems with operation or access to the questionnaire, please contact me, the project principal investigator, Dr. Gabe Dadi, at (859) 257-5416 or gabe.dadi@uky.edu. Please complete the survey at the following link, https://uky.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_b8W3qHz4S1OILNr, by Friday, January 24th. Thank you for your time and cooperation in support of this important project. Your cooperation in completing this survey will help ensure the success of the effort. Best, Gabriel B. Dadi, Ph.D., PE W. L. Raymond and R. E. Shaver Chair Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Kentucky

Survey Questionnaire 47 DTM Survey Questionnaire NCHRP Synthesis 51-01: Digital Terrain Models for Construction NCHRP SYNTHESIS Project 20-05/Topic 51-01 PRACTICES FOR CONSTRUCTION-READY DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS QUESTIONNAIRE Dear AASHTO Committee on Construction (COC) Member, The Transportation Research Board (TRB), through the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), under the sponsorship of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is preparing a synthesis report on Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models. The purpose of this questionnaire is to identify state DOT use, evaluation, and perceptions of DTMs in the construction of highway projects. The results of the survey will be incorporated into a synthesis of highway practice, with the intent of helping DOTs evaluate and improve their DTM practices. This survey is being sent to each state DOT’s voting member of the AASHTO COC for distribution to applicable employees. If you are not the appropriate person at your agency to complete this questionnaire, please forward this request to the correct person. Please compete and submit this survey by January 24, 2020. We estimate that it should take no more than 30 minutes to complete. If you have any questions or problems with operation or access to the questionnaire, please contact me, the project principal investigator, Dr. Gabe Dadi, at (859) 257-5416 or gabe.dadi@uky.edu. Thank you for your time and expertise in completing this questionnaire. Please identify your contact information below. Your contact information will be kept confidential. This is strictly for follow-up purposes. oName: ________________________________________________ o Title: ________________________________________________ o Email: ________________________________________________ o Phone Number: ________________________________________________

48 Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models What department of transportation (DOT) do you work for? oAlabama oAlaska oArizona oArkansas oCalifornia oColorado oConnecticut oDelaware oDistrict of Columbia o Florida oGeorgia oHawaii o Idaho o Illinois o Indiana o Iowa oKansas oKentucky o Louisiana

Survey Questionnaire 49 oMaine oMaryland oMassachusetts oMichigan oMinnesota oMississippi oMissouri oMontana oNebraska oNevada oNew Hampshire oNew Jersey oNew Mexico oNew York oNorth Carolina oNorth Dakota oOhio oOklahoma oOregon o Pennsylvania

50 Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models oRhode Island o South Carolina o South Dakota o Tennessee o Texas oUtah oVermont oVirginia oWashington oWest Virginia oWisconsin oWyoming What division do you work for within your agency? oHighway Design oCADD/Support o Surveying/Support oConstruction oOther ________________________________________________

Survey Questionnaire 51 How would you best describe your role in the agency? o Field Engineer/Inspector oConstruction Engineer/Engineer Manager oMaterials Engineer/Technician oCADD/Technical Support oDesigner oOther ________________________________________________ Approximately how many projects use DTMs in a year in your organization? o Less than 10 o 10–50 o 50–100 oMore than 100 Estimate how many years your DOT has been using DTMs on construction projects. o 0–1 years o 1–3 years o 3–5 years o 5–7 years o 7–10 years o 10+ years

52 Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models How frequently do you use DTMs in the construction inspection process? oNever oRarely o Sometimes oOften oAlways Indicate the source of DTMs used on your state’s construction projects with your best estimation: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % created in-house % created by an outside consultant

Survey Questionnaire 53 Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always Field Staking o o o o o Progress Checks o o o o o Quantity Measurements o o o o o Automated Machine Guidance o o o o o Grade Work o o o o o Pavement Thickness Checks (Including Aggregate Base Courses) o o o o o QA/QC, Clash Detection, or Reducing Plan Discrepancies o o o o o Cost Analysis for Initial Construction Bid o o o o o Cost Analysis for Future Maintenance o o o o o How has your state transportation agency used DTMs in projects? Please indicate one response for each.

54 Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models Work Planning, Productivity, or Efficiency o o o o o Survey Verification o o o o o Other o o o o o What DTM training is provided to the construction inspection staff in your state? Please check all that apply. ▢ Field-based training on hardware and software ▢ Classroom-based training on hardware and software ▢ Only provided reference materials (hard copy or electronic) ▢ Informal, peer training ▢ No training provided ▢ Other ________________________________________________ Page Break

Survey Questionnaire 55 Please evaluate the following aspects of DTMs that are handed over to contractors for their use on projects based on the perspective of the DOT. Very Low Low Moderate High Very High Not Applicable Accuracy compared to PDF/printed (contract) plan information o o o o o o Level of detail (level of precision between the model’s 3D geometry and real world) o o o o o o Quality or completeness o o o o o o Overall added value of DTM o o o o o o Interoperable format (or usefulness of data format) o o o o o o

56 Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models Please evaluate the following aspects of DTMs that are handed over to contractors for their use on projects based on the perspective of contractors (as perceived by the DOT). Very Low Low Moderate High Very High Not Applicable Accuracy compared to PDF/printed (contract) plan information o o o o o o Level of detail (level of precision between the model’s 3D geometry and real world) o o o o o o Quality or completeness o o o o o o Overall added value of DTM o o o o o o Interoperable format (or usefulness of data format) o o o o o o Page Break

Survey Questionnaire 57 What size projects do you use DTMs for (based on engineer’s estimate of cost)? Please check all that apply. ▢ All projects regardless of size ▢ $0–$1 million ▢ >$1 million – $5 million ▢ >$5 million – $20 million ▢ >$20 million What types of projects have you used DTMs for? Please check all that apply. ▢ Road Resurfacing ▢ Road Rehabilitation ▢ Intersection Improvement ▢ Corridor Widening ▢ Bridge Rehabilitation ▢ New or Replacement Bridge ▢ Safety Improvement (shoulder widening, rumble stripe, pavement marking/markers, guardrail projects with minimal design, etc.) ▢ Other ________________________________________________

58 Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models What project delivery methods have you used DTMs with? Please check all that apply. ▢ Design-Bid-Build ▢ Design-Build ▢ Construction Management (CM)/General Contractor (GC) ▢ Public-Private Partnership (P3) ▢ Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) ▢ Other ________________________________________________ For projects using DTMs, who was responsible for construction inspection? oDOT Staff oConstruction and Engineering Inspection (CEI) Consultant oOther ________________________________________________ Have you been directly involved in using DTM on a highway construction project? oYes oNo

Survey Questionnaire 59 Please provide a brief description of your involvement in using DTMs on highway construction projects. (This question is optional.) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

60 Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models Please rate the project-specific benefits of using the DTM, in terms of the following areas. No Benefit Very Low Low Moderate High Very High Reduced Risk During Bidding for Contractors and/or DOTs o o o o o o Fewer Change Orders or Construction Revisions o o o o o o Fewer Project Delays o o o o o o Earlier Identification of Plan Discrepancies and Conflicts o o o o o o Improved Communication on the Project o o o o o o Easier to Calculate Construction Quantities o o o o o o Other o o o o o o

Survey Questionnaire 61 Considering long-term benefits of DTM use across DOTs, please state the level of agreeableness with the following statements. Please indicate one response for each. Long-term use of DTMs across the DOT will lead to... Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree Unsure Improved Accuracy of Plans o o o o o Improved Efficiency of Project Construction o o o o o Improved Communication o o o o o Cost Savings o o o o o Fewer Claims and Litigation o o o o o Improved Documentation of Measurements in Database for Future Reference o o o o o Other o o o o o

62 Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models What barriers exist for adoption or further implementation of DTMs on highway construction projects? Please check all that apply. ▢ DTMs are often incomplete and inconsistent with contract plans ▢ Insufficient knowledge or training for office staff ▢ Insufficient knowledge or training for field survey staff ▢ Insufficient knowledge or training for equipment operators ▢ Insufficient knowledge or training for inspectors (DOT or CEI) ▢ High cost for owner for initial software and hardware ▢ High cost for owner to stay current with field technology using DTMs ▢ Benefits of using DTMs are unknown. The return on investment (ROI) is unproven. ▢ Incompatibility of existing hardware ▢ Incompatibility of existing software ▢ Inadequacy of information technology (IT) infrastructure ▢ Designer fear of problems with DTM/lack of confidence ▢ Fear of contractor changing terrain model or introducing error into electronic plan files ▢ Other ________________________________________________

Survey Questionnaire 63 What is included in the written language of your DOT’s policy manual(s)/contract document that the contractor is bound to, regarding the DTMs used in construction? Please check all that apply. ▢ File management protocols ▢ Survey practices ▢ Plan production methods ▢ Model handover policy from designer to contractor ▢ DTM (or XML) provided as “for information only” for contractor to use at his/her own risk ▢ Extent of DOT’s liability for the accuracy of the DTM ▢ Extent of DOT’s liability for use of DTM in the field ▢ To my knowledge, no policy manual documents DTM practices ▢ Other ________________________________________________ Has your DOT executed a project that included a DTM as a legal contract document? oYes oNo, but plan to in the near future. Please explain: ________________________________________________ oNo, and have no plans to.

64 Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models Place in order from top to bottom with the document taking precedence placed at the top when a conflict arises. ______ 2D blueprints ______ Written specifications ______ 3D model/DTM How has your state verified the accuracy of the DTM used in construction? oRun model checks with the DTM used by the contractor o Field verification of survey points oNo verification steps are taken oCompared point cloud data (terrestrial/drone photogrammetry/LiDAR) to DTM oOther ________________________________________________ End of Block: Default Question Block Start of Block: Block 1 When changes occur in the field, how is the model modified? Please check all that apply. ▢ Rely on contractor to change the model to as-built condition ▢ DOT staff or CEI changes model to as-built condition ▢ Owner re-issues design model. Contractor updates construction model ▢ DTMs are not updated to as-built condition ▢ Other ________________________________________________

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Digital terrain models (DTMs) are three-dimensional (3D) models of the ground surface showing natural features such as ridges and breaklines.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 560: Practices for Construction-Ready Digital Terrain Models documents processes and strategies used by state departments of transportation (DOTs) for the use and transfer of DTMs from design into the construction phase of highway projects.

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