• Increased older adult participation in the paid workforce and volunteer roles to maintain individual and societal economic equilibrium with population aging
• Incentives to recruit and retain older workers to increase workforce participation, emphasizing the worker’s preferences, strengths, and capabilities
• Policies and incentives to keep older people working and remove barriers to remaining in or rejoining the workforce
• Formal programs to provide volunteers with meaning and purpose through opportunities to benefit communities and the next generation

1. providing legal protections and workplace policies to ensure worker health and safety and income protection (including during periods of disability) across the life course;
2. developing innovative solutions for extending legal and income protection to workers participating in alternative models of work (e.g., gig economy, informal sector);
3. increasing opportunities for part-time work and flexible schedules; and
4. promoting intergenerational national and community service and encore careers.

• Development and adoption of a range of innovative and age-appropriate pedagogical approaches that work for people of all ages
• Expanded access to secondary education, vocational training, and higher education to train and upskill workers of all ages

1. grants or tax breaks for employers to promote retaining and upskilling of employees (e.g., apprenticeship programs, retraining of workers in physically demanding jobs to enable them to engage in new careers in less demanding jobs);
2. special grants to community colleges and universities for the development of innovative models that target middle-aged and older students to support lifelong learning; and
3. grants to individuals for engaging in midcareer training.

• Laws and policies to eliminate age-based discrimination
• Public information campaigns promoting the value of older people and attacking stereotypes
• Multigenerational advocacy to fight age discrimination to accomplish shared goals
• Multigenerational approach to policy and action to strengthen social cohesion, reduce loneliness

1. collaborating across sectors—for example with local governments, industry, and nongovernmental organizations—to launch public information campaigns that highlight the value of older people to society;
2. developing public and private partnerships to create programs, connected intergenerational communities, and innovative models that enable all people to contribute to society; and
3. developing legal protections for the rights of older people and ending age-based segregation and discrimination (e.g., legal barriers related to housing, policies that discourage work at older ages).

• Pension and social protection systems that include people outside the formal economy
• Programs promoting individual savings and financial literacy
• Access to secure banking systems and investment opportunities

1. For countries without retirement income systems, introduce support for older people with no or subsistence-level income.
2. For countries with emerging retirement income systems, increase security for low-income older people.
3. For countries with robust retirement income systems, identify evidence-based models for strengthening financial security across the life course.

Recommendation 4-3. To improve financial security in retirement, governments and employers should develop strategies for increasing financial literacy and mechanisms for promoting pension contributions, self-funded pensions, and lifelong savings.

• Inclusion of older people in codesign and user-centered design of the built environment
• Public spaces that promote social cohesion and intergenerational connection, while also encouraging physical activity
• Age-friendly community and housing design protocols that enhance access to food, transportation, social services, and engagement
• Programs to mitigate the effects of environmental emergencies on older people
• Reduction of air pollution

1. at the city level, developing and implementing mitigation strategies to reduce the negative effects of the physical environment (e.g., air pollution and climate events such as flooding and hurricanes/typhoons) on older adults;
2. at the neighborhood level, promoting and measuring the impact of innovation and policy solutions for healthy longevity, intergenerational connection, and cohesion;
3. at the home level, updating physical infrastructure to address affordability, insufficiencies, and inefficiencies in housing stock, as well as support autonomy and social connection;
4. making broadband accessible and reducing the digital divide (e.g., usability of and willingness to adopt technology) within the context of each community; and
5. designing public transportation options, including solutions that address first-/last-mile transportation needs, that can be provided to companies, foundations, and local governments for implementation.

• Integration across public health, health care, long-term care, and social services
• Interventions at the population and individual levels to reduce underlying risk factors for aging and chronic conditions
• Close collaboration with social service providers, workplaces, and other entities that can promote health
• Data and analytics systems for surveillance, precision public health, and assessment of the efficacy of interventions

1. Investments in public health systems may require governments to rebalance investments in health care and public health.
2. Public policies should create incentives for individuals, employers, and communities to engage in prevention and wellness activities.
3. All countries should establish 5-year targets for preventive health and measure progress toward those targets.

• Integrated person-centered care, including care coordination
• Primary care
• Comprehensive and shared health records and a goal-based care plan
• Collaboration with social services to address social determinants of health
• Primary care systems that provide preventive screening, address risk factors for chronic conditions, and promote positive health behaviors
• Geriatrics workforce that can adequately care for older people globally
• Palliative and hospice care

Recommendation 6-2. Health care systems should shift to enabling healthy longevity. To catalyze such a shift, actions to be taken by 2027 include the following:

1. Health systems, in concert with communities and the people they serve, should adopt affordable, accessible, culturally appropriate models, including geriatric care models, for providing person-centered, integrated care for older people facing functional limitations, multimorbidity, frailty, and complex care needs.
2. Governments should develop plans to align health care payment and reimbursement systems with healthy longevity outcomes.
3. Health care and long-term care systems should begin to develop the infrastructure needed to create integrated continua of care supported by interoperable data systems.
4. Health care systems should measure care outcomes based on patient goals and preferences and patient-reported outcomes.
5. Relevant licensing and certification bodies should ensure that all health care providers receive training in how the physiology and psychology of aging affect diagnosis and treatment of older patients.
6. Governments, professional societies, and health systems should provide incentives to develop and/or maintain a geriatrics workforce, including allied health workers, to focus on older adults with multimorbidity, geriatric syndromes, and declining physical and cognitive functioning.
7. Governments, employers, health systems, and communities should empower citizens with the tools and data needed to manage their own health.

• Policy and funding prioritizes care delivery in the setting the person chooses, to the extent possible; respects individual autonomy and maintains dignity; and attends to care quality and the risk of abuse, neglect, and exploitation
• Care and social supports addressing all needs, including meaning and purpose
• Supports for families and family caregivers when providing long-term care while making formal care available when needed
• Technology to support caregivers and people needing care by providing monitoring that allows privacy

1. pilot programs to identify effective, accessible, affordable, and scalable models for delivering long-term care services and supports; and
2. models for providing financial and technological support, training, and career pathways for informal caregivers as well as the paid long-term care workforce.