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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
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Indoor Exposure to
Fine Particulate Matter
and Practical Mitigation Approaches

PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP

David A. Butler and Joe Alper, Rapporteurs

National Academy of Engineering

Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Health and Medicine Division

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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×

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This activity was supported by Contract No. 68HERC19D0011, Order No. 68HERC20F0334 between the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. Views expressed in written conference materials or publications and by speakers and moderators do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the EPA, nor does any mention of trade names, commercial practices, or organization imply endorsement by the United States Government.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-26328-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-26328-X
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26331.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON THE INDOOR EXPOSURE TO FINE PARTICULATE MATTER AND PRACTICAL MITIGATION STRATEGIES WORKSHOP1

RICHARD L. CORSI (Chair), Dean of Engineering, University of California, Davis

SEEMA BHANGAR, Senior Indoor Air Quality Manager, WeWork

WANYU R. CHAN, Research Scientist and Deputy Indoor Environment Group Leader, Energy Analysis and Environmental Impact Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

ELIZABETH C. MATSUI, Professor of Population Health and Pediatrics and Associate Director of the Health Transformation Research Institute, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin

LINDA A. MCCAULEY, Professor and Dean of Emory University’s Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing

KIMBERLY A. PRATHER, Professor in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego

DAVID Y. PUI, Regents Professor and the L.M. Fingerson/TSI Inc. Chair in Mechanical Engineering and Director, Particle Technology Laboratory and Center for Filtration Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

JEFFREY A. SIEGEL, Professor of Civil Engineering and Member, Building Engineering Research Group, University of Toronto

MARINA E. VANCE, Assistant Professor and McLagan Family Faculty Fellow, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder

National Academies Staff

DAVID A. BUTLER, J. Herbert Hollomon Scholar

GURU MADHAVAN, Norman R. Augustine Senior Scholar and Senior Director of Programs

KATHLEEN STRATTON, Scholar

COURTNEY HILL, Associate Program Officer

CAMERON H. FLETCHER, Editor

___________________

1 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published proceedings rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×

MICHAEL HOLZER, Senior Program Assistant (through June 2021)

MAIYA SPELL, Senior Program Assistant (from June 2021)

Consultant

JOE ALPER, Consulting Writer

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×

Acknowledgments

This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:

Diane Gold, Harvard University

Andrew Persily, National Institute of Standards and Technology

Mark Utell, University of Rochester

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the proceedings before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by Michael Ladisch, Purdue University. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this proceedings rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×

3-5 Change in solute concentrations at varying relative humidities

3-6 Framework for determining contributors to indoor particulate matter exposure disparities

5-1 Global burden of disease attributable to 20 leading risk factors in 2010

5-2 Overview of diseases, conditions, and biomarkers affected by outdoor air pollution

5-3 Possible mechanistic paths linking particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular disease

5-4 Indoor particulate pollution and asthma morbidity

5-5 Solid fuel use as primary heating source

5-6 US regional estimates for weeks with a risk of very large fires in the mid-21st century compared to the end of the 20th century

6-1 One person’s PM2.5 exposure in Singapore on June 25, 2013, during a wildfire smoke event

6-2 Size and spatial complexity of particle deposition in different regions of the lung

6-3 Temporal complexity’s correlation with occupancy, using the example of optical particle counter data from a university classroom in normal use

6-4 Measurements of particulate matter in a controlled chamber over time

6-5 EPA environmental health paradigm

6-6 Variability of PM2.5 exposures by person, day, and microenvironment

8-1 Home air volumes that pass through a filter when the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system is operating in residences sampled in 3 studies in selected North American locations

8-2 Fraction of time that a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system operates

8-3 Single-pass filtration removal of particles at different face velocities

8-4 Results of in situ testing of four types of air filters compared to laboratory results

8-5 Percentage of students attending a school within 250 meters of a major roadway (2005–06 school year)

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
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Page xvii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×

Acronyms and Abbreviations

μg/m3 microgram per cubic meter
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
EPA US Environmental Protection Agency
HEPA high-efficiency particulate air
HOMEChem House Observations of Microbial and Environmental Chemistry
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
MERV minimum efficiency reporting value (a measure of a filter’s ability to capture particles between 0.3 and 10 microns)
NASEM National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
PCAP persistent cold air pooling
PM0.1 ultrafine aerosols
Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
PM2.5 fine particulate matter
PM10 coarse particulate matter
SVOC semivolatile organic compound
VOC volatile organic compound
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
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Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Page xvii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academy of Engineering. 2022. Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26331.
×
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Overwhelming evidence exists that exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with a range of short-term and chronic health impacts, including asthma exacerbation, acute and chronic bronchitis, heart attacks, increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, and premature death, with the burden of these health effects falling more heavily on underserved and marginalized communities. Although less studied to date, indoor exposure to PM2.5 is also gaining attention as a potential source of adverse health effects, particularly given that Americans spend 90 percent of their lives indoors and indoor PM2.5 levels can exceed outdoor levels.

To better understand the sources of indoor PM2.5, the possible health effects of exposure to indoor PM2.5, and engineering approaches and interventions to reduce those exposure risks, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop, Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Approaches, on April 14, 21, and 28, 2021. The workshop focused on exposures that occur in residential and school buildings and on existing and practical mitigation technologies and approaches. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

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