Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones (2021)

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240 Summary of DOT Specifications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal A P P E N D I X E

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 241   Table E-1. Summary of standard specifications for Alabama. DOT Alabama Resource Description Standard Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 105 (Control of Work), 701 (Traffic Stripe), 703 (Traffic Control Markings and Legends, 705 (Pavement Markers) Reference Alabama DOT 2018 URL https://www.dot.state.al.us/conweb/specifications.html Materials Paint (Class 1, Approved List V-4) and removable tape (Approved List V-3); approved pavement markers in List V-2 of "Materials, Sources, and Devices with Special Acceptance Requirements" (701.02) Construction Requirements Striping, markings, and legends: Permanent traffic marking material or removable tape. 4 inches (± 0.5 inches) wide. Broken lines 8 feet (±1 foot) long with centers 40 feet apart. Paint applied at rate of 10 gal/mile or 18 gal/mile for rough surfaces (701.03b). For temporary markings and legends, length between 2 inches over and 1 inch under required length (703.3b). Time Considerations - Method of Measurement Solid or broken stripes (Items 701-A and 701-C) measured in miles, and solid, broken, and dotted stripes (Items 701-B, 701-E, 701-F, and 701-G) measured in linear feet, both along stripe centerline. Markings and legends measured in square feet. Markers measured per item (701.04a) (703.04) (705.04). Basis of Payment Contract per unit price (701.5b). Marking removal paid for as separate bid item (701.03i). Pavement Marking Removal Methods that will not damage or disfigure the pavement surfaces that will be visible following construction. Burning is not allowed. Covering with material designed to match color of the pavement is only allowed upon engineer approval and on rough surfaces when other methods have failed (701.03i). Monitoring and Inspection All work may be inspected by the engineer (105.10a). Lane lines must be always maintained (701.3). Other Notes Standard (Class 1) paint not to be used on concrete. In cases of pavement disfiguration due to marking removal, a bituminous plant layer mix will be overlaid in portions or entire surface. High build paint, standard thermoplastic material, thin film spray applied thermoplastic material, and other warranted traffic marking material can be used for temporary markings but used primarily for permanent markings (701.02).

242 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-2. Summary of standard specifications for Alaska. DOT Alaska Resource Description Standard Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 643 (Traffic Maintenance), 670 (Traffic Markings), 708 (Paints), 712 (Miscellaneous) Reference Alaska DOT 2017 URL http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwddes/dcsspecs/assets/pdf/hwyspecs/sshc2017.pdf Materials Interim pavement markings applied in accordance with Section 670. Interim pavement markings may be paint with glass beads, preformed marking tape (removable or nonremovable, or temporary raised pavement markers (TRPMs) (643-2.01). Construction Requirements Apply paint on pavement above 40°F at rate of 80 square feet/gal (22 gal/mile of 4- inch-thick stripe) and 6 lb of glass beads per gal. Preformed marking tape and TRPMs as directed by manufacturer (670-3.01). Time Considerations Permanent markings applied after traffic has traveled over seal coat or surface treatment for at least 14 days and within 10 days of completing sweeping of mainline seal coat or surface treatment (643-3.09). Method of Measurement By single-stripe station (interim pavement markings) (643-4.01). Pavement removal by mile (670-5.01). Basis of Payment Contract per unit price for pay items. Contract price includes all resources needed for installation, removal, and maintenance of markings (643-5.01). Pavement Marking Removal As much as possible without materially damaging the surface, color, or texture of the pavement. For blasting, remove residue immediately. Contractor to repair damage (670-3.04). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor must maintain temporary traffic control devices to ensure safety (643- 1.01). Contractor must appoint worksite traffic supervisor with ATSSA or International Municipal Signal Association (IMSA) certification (643-1.04). Temporary traffic control devices must meet acceptable requirements of the ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features (643-3.04). Other Notes Mark existing roadway sections that will be open to traffic during the winter. Use only TRPMs as interim markings on seal coat and surface treatment pavements (643-3.09).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 243   Table E-3. Summary of standard specifications for Arizona. DOT Arizona Resource Description Standard Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 701 (Maintenance and Protection of Traffic), 705 (Preformed Plastic Pavement Marking), 706 (Raised Pavement Markers), 708 (Permanent Pavement Markings) Reference Arizona DOT 2008 URL https://azdot.gov/sites/default/files/2019/06/2008-standards-specifications-for-road-and-bridge-construction.pdf Materials Temporary pavement markers (TPMs), chip seal pavement markers, pavement marking paint, pavement marking tape, preformed pavement markings (701-2.05, 701-3.05) Construction Requirements Apply in accordance with 708-3, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and Arizona DOT supplement. On intermediate lifts, temporary striping consists of 4-foot x 4-inch of pavement marking tape or paint at 40-foot intervals. Raised pavement markers (RPMs) applied using adhesive as specified by manufacturer. RPMs in accordance with manufacturer specifications (701-3.05). Preformed pavement markings applied in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction (705-3). Time Considerations Temporary markings removed and new highway marking completed within 24 hours of change to traffic pattern (701-3.02). Method of Measurement Elements of work measured for payment (701-4.01). Paint and marking removal for lines in linear foot (excluding stripes), symbols by each (708-4). Preformed pavement line markings based on linear foot for 4-inch stripe, symbols by each (705-4). Basis of Payment Item bid prices (701-4.01) Pavement Marking Removal Removed to the fullest extent possible without materially damaging the pavement. Abrasive water or air blasting is acceptable; overpainting or covering with asphalt is not permitted. Any material accumulation as a result of marking obliteration must be removed immediately. Removal of raised markings includes removal of adhesive pads. Damage during removal must be repaired. Compliance with 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) required for removal of lead-based striping (701-3.06). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to provide engineer with contact information for person responsible for traffic control plan. Engineer may suspend work if traffic control not maintained properly. Unacceptable markings, as deemed by engineer, must be replaced by end of workday (701-3.01). Other Notes Length and spacing can be modified by engineer to 2 feet and 20 feet, respectively. When duration is more than 5 days or lane widths are less than 12 feet, engineer may require use of pavement markings instead of barricades for temporary delineation (701-3.05). Requirements for paint include color and reflectance (708- 2.01).

244 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-4. Summary of standard specifications for Arkansas. DOT Arkansas Resource Description Standard Specifications for Highway Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 604 (Traffic Control Devices in Construction Zones), 718 (Reflectorized Paint Pavement Marking), 720 (Permanent Pavement Marking Tape) Reference Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department 2014 URL https://www.arkansashighways.com/standard_spec/2014/2014SpecBook.pdf Materials Construction markings, asphalt: retroreflective tape or paint (718) as an alternative. Construction markings, concrete: removable retroreflective polymer preformed tape Type 4 (720.02) or paint (718) as an alternative. Interim markings: paint, tape, or retroreflectorized raised pavement markings meeting Section 721. Removable construction pavement markings must meet Section 720 requirements for Type 4 (604.02). Construction Requirements Lines: 4 inches wide. Dash lines placed in 40-foot intervals (4-foot marking, 36-foot space) (604.02f). Tape: when placing, pavement and air must be greater than 50°F and rising, and pavement must be free of moisture (604.03g). Time Considerations Interim markings must be replaced by permanent or construction markings or covered with subsequent pavement layer within 3 days for high-volume roads and 14 days for low-volume roads (604.03f). Method of Measurement For both application and removal (separate): lines by linear foot, markings by each, and all interim markings included in other bid items (604.04c). Basis of Payment Contract unit price. Contract price will be full compensation for installation and maintenance. Removal will be paid as a separate item (604.04c, 604.05c). Pavement Marking Removal Removed in a way that eliminates conflicting markings and minimizes pavement gouging. Sand or water blasting is acceptable. Unless otherwise stated, painting over is not permitted (604.03f). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to certify weekly that TTC devices are inspected daily. At least one night inspection per week (604.03). Maintain at least 75% of temporary TTC devices in acceptable conditions per ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features. Replace TTC devices classified as marginal within 12 hours (604.02). Other Notes At contractor's expense, paint can be used on the final roadway surface as a primer for permanent thermoplastic markings (604.02d). Paint requirements include color and luminance (718).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 245   Table E-5. Summary of standard specifications for California. DOT California Resource Description Standard Specifications including Revised Standard Specifications dated 4-17-20 Chapter/Section (if applicable) 12 (Temporary Traffic Control), 84 (Markings) Reference Caltrans 2018c, Caltrans 2020 URL https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/ccs-standard-plans-and-standard-specifications Materials Long-term and short-term TPMs, temporary and permanent striping, pavement marking tape, and orange mounted channelizers (12-6.02A) Construction Requirements Minimum lane line/centerline delineation consists of TPMs every 24 feet. Edge line markers can consist of 6-inch-wide tape; cones, delineators, or channelizers placed at 100-foot max intervals; or TPMs at 6-foot intervals (left edge line). Apply tape and TPMs according to manufacturer instructions. Paint may need to be applied in one to two coats for new or existing pavement. TPMs to be same color as line replaced (12-6.03). Time Considerations Short-term TPMs must be replaced within 14 days when open to traffic. Long-term TPMs are for 180 days or less (12-6.02A). Method of Measurement Striping is measured in length of the stripes without deduction for gaps in the stripes. Double traffic stripe is measured as two stripes except for paint or sprayable thermoplastic, in which case it’s measured as one stripe. Pavement markings measured by area covered (84-2.04). Basis of Payment Item bid price (12-6.04) Pavement Marking Removal Temporary markings that are no longer in use and in conflict with existing traffic movements are to be removed. No methods specified. (12-6.03A) Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to maintain temporary traffic control devices in accordance with ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features (12-3.01B). Other Notes Permanent or temporary tape can be used instead of temporary paint [12- 6.03D(5)]. For seal coats, place TRPMs and remove covers before opening to traffic (12-7.03).

Table E-6. Summary of standard specifications for Colorado. DOT Colorado Resource Description Standard Specifications Book Chapter/Section (if applicable) 105 (Control of Work), 202 (Removal of Structures and Obstructions), 627 (Pavement Marking) Reference Colorado DOT 2019b URL https://www.codot.gov/business/designsupport/cdot-construction- specifications/2019-construction-specifications/2019-specs-book/2019-standard- specifications/view Materials Paint, glass beads, modified epoxy pavement marking material, thermoplastic marking material, pavement primer, preformed plastic pavement marking material, pavement marking tape, pavement marking tape (removable), RPM, preformed thermoplastic pavement marking material, methyl methacrylate pavement marking material (627.02) Construction Requirements Pavement markers: applied following manufacturer's recommendations. Raised flexible markings and control points: 4 inch x 1 foot placed at 40-foot intervals (627.03). Paint: applied when pavement and air temperatures above (and expected to remain above) 45°F for high-build paint and 35°F for low-temperature paint (627.04). Epoxy: components heated to between 80 and 140°F before mixing and at time of application. Pavement and air temperatures at least 35°F. Pavement to receive markings to be water blasted and cleaned with high-pressure air (627.05). Thermoplastic: applied to clean, dry pavement when pavement and air temperatures are above 50°F (627.06). Time Considerations Full compliance markings needed within 2 weeks of final surfacing (1 week for seal coat projects) or when pavement work is discontinued for more than 2 weeks (627.03). Method of Measurement Paint, epoxy, and methyl methacrylate by gallon (including glass beads). Thermoplastic and preformed markings by square feet. Tape by linear foot of the specified width. Temporary raised markings by each. Words, symbols, stops lines, and crosswalk markings not measured (contract quantities in square feet are used) (627.12). Removal of pavement markings by square feet (202.11). Basis of Payment Contract unit bid price (627.13) Pavement Marking Removal Removed to fullest extent possible without materially damaging the pavement. Contractor selects marking removal method with approval of engineer. Remove transition markings using grinding or water blasting with wider swath (12 inches or 15 inches) and 100% removal (202.05). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to maintain quality specified and approved by engineer. Modified epoxy markings: contractor to take retroreflectivity readings on each mile of epoxy markings. Ten readings taken about 40 feet apart and averaged to determine total retroreflectivity. Test performed in presence of an engineer between 3 and 14 days after the marking is track free (105.03). Contractor to appoint traffic control supervisor with certification from ATSSA or Colorado Contractors Association (CCA) (630.11). Other Notes Full-compliance centerline, lane line, and edge line temporary markings to be in place at end of each workday. No-passing zone markings to be in place daily. Full- compliance markings must be in accordance with Standard Plan S-627-1 (627.03). Table of paint color requirements in 708.05.

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 247   Table E-7. Summary of standard specifications for Connecticut. DOT Connecticut Resource Description Form 817 - Specifications for Roads, Bridges, Facilities and Incidental Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 12.09 (Painted Pavement Markings), 12.10 (Epoxy Resin Markings), 12.11 (Removal of Pavement Markings), 12.12 (Temporary Plastic Marking Tape), 12.14 (Preformed Black Line Mask Pavement Marking Tape), 12.16 (Black Epoxy Resin Pavement Markings, Black Epoxy Resin Symbols and Legends) Reference Connecticut DOT 2016 URL https://portal.ct.gov/- /media/DOT/documents/dpublications/817/Form817Origrevpurchaseinfopdf.pdf? la=en Materials Paint, glass beads, (12.09), epoxy resin (12.10), temporary plastic tape (12.14) Construction Requirements Paint applied at rate of 110 to 115 square feet/gal and glass beads at 6 lb/gal and 8 lb/gal for hot-applied. Hot applied at temperatures of 130 to 145°F (12.09.03). Epoxy applied to road surface > 40°F such that wet film thickness of 20 mils +/- 1 mil. Larger glass beads applied at rate of 13 lb/hour immediately followed by smaller beads at rate of 12 lb/hour (12.10.03). Time Considerations Engineer to be noticed at least 2 weeks before painting and epoxy (12.09.01). Method of Measurement Paint and epoxy lines in linear feet, paint and epoxy markings, arrows, and symbols in square feet (12.09.04, 12.10.04). Tape in linear feet (12.12.04). Measured in square feet of markings removed (12.11). Basis of Payment Contract unit price Pavement Marking Removal Any method that does not materially damage the pavement. Damage to be repaired. Sand or other material is not allowed to accumulate (12.11). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to measure retroreflectivity of epoxy markings between 3 and 14 days after installation and submitted to engineer within 10 days of conducting test (12.10.03). Contractor to maintain temporary traffic control devices in accordance with ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features (9.71.03). Other Notes Sections on paint and epoxy do not differentiate between permanent and temporary markings. Acceptable for existing markings to be covered by black tape and epoxy resin. Tape and paint lines measured by linear feet, resin markings and symbols by square feet (12.14, 12.16).

248 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-8. Summary of standard specifications for Delaware. DOT Delaware Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 801 (Temporary Traffic Control – General), 817 (Pavement Markings), 1071 (Pavement Markings) Reference Delaware DOT 2016 URL https://deldot.gov/Publications/manuals/standard_specifications/pdfs/2016/2016_standard_specifications_08-2016.pdf?cache=1574085614181 Materials Latex paint, epoxy, thermoplastics, tape, raised/recessed markings (1071) Construction Requirements Temporary latex paint: apply about at 7 mils (817.03.3). Epoxy markings: apply on cleaned, dry pavement when air and pavement over 35°F. Apply glass spheres at rate of 12 lb/gal of epoxy (817.03.4). Thermoplastics: apply according to manufacturer instructions to clean, dry surface between 400 and 425°F when pavement is above 50°F (817.03.5). Temporary tape: apply to clean, dry surface following manufacturer's instruction (817.03.6). Time Considerations Temporary markings are kept in service for less than 30 days. Method of Measurement Painted lines and tape installation measured in linear feet, pavement markings and symbols measured by square feet, bike and pedestrian symbols by each, and raised/recessed markers by each. Paint and tape removal measured in square feet (817.05). Basis of Payment Contract unit price Pavement Marking Removal Remove in a way that will not damage pavement surface. Collect and dispose of removed material (do not wash or sweep material to the roadside). After removal on bituminous concrete, use black paint or asphalt sealer to cover exposed aggregate or embedded paint. Use abrasive blasting or water blasting to remove paint and epoxy resins (817.03.9). Monitoring and Inspection Temporary markings must meet at least marginal condition in ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features (801.03.4). Department will test for retroreflectivity (817, 1071). Other Notes Temporary markings should be applied at end of each day. Temporary markings to be in accordance with Section 817, Delaware MUTCD, and Delaware Temporary Pavement Markings Policy (801.03.04). Minimum retroreflectivity requirements for temporary latex paint (1071.01) and temporary tape (1071.04).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 249   Table E-9. Summary of standard specifications for District of Columbia. DOT District of Columbia Resource Description Standard Specifications for Highways and Structures Chapter/Section (if applicable) 104 (Scope of Work), 612 (Traffic Control) Reference District DOT 2013 URL https://ddot.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/ddot/publication/attachments/DDOT_StandardSpecificationsHighwaysStructures_2013.pdf Materials Reflective Markers and Delineators (612.11), Thermoplastic (612.12), Paint (612.13), Preformed (612.14) Construction Requirements RPMs according to contract documents and MUTCD as directed by engineer (612.11). Thermoplastic thickness 80 to 90 mils (612.12). Paint to be applied at rate as recommended by manufacturer (612.13). Preformed per manufacturer’s recommendations (612.14). Time Considerations - Method of Measurement RPMs each (612.11). Removal in square foot (612.03B). Stripe in linear foot, symbols by each (612.12). Basis of Payment Unit price (612.03B, 612.12) Pavement Marking Removal Grinding or any method approved by engineer. Black paint or asphalt not to be used to cover markings. Avoid scarring pavement. Damage must be repaired. Black nonreflective tape may be used (612.03A). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to appoint traffic safety officer responsible for maintenance of traffic (104.2C). Traffic safety supervisor must be certified by ATSSA (612.02B). Other Notes No mention of temporary markings specifically. General information for all pavement markings.

250 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-10. Summary of standard specifications for Florida. DOT Florida Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 102 (Maintenance of Traffic), 706 (Raised Pavement Markers and Bituminous Adhesive), 710 (Painted Pavement Markings), 970 (Materials for Raised Pavement Markers), 990 (Temporary Traffic Control Device Materials) Reference Florida DOT 2020b URL https://fdotwww.blob.core.windows.net/sitefinity/docs/default- source/programmanagement/implemented/specbooks/january-2020/1-20- ebook.pdf?sfvrsn=e3eca19a_2 Materials Bituminous adhesive, TRPMs, paint, removable tape, glass spheres (102-2) Construction Requirements Paint (standard): in accordance with Section 710 (102.10.2). Apply to clean dry surfaces when air temperature is > 40°F. Apply at wet film thickness according to manufacturer's recommendations (710-4). Removable tape: use Approved Products List and meet requirements of Section 990-4. Meet retroreflectivity requirements in 102-10.3.3. Apply with a pressure-sensitive adhesive that does not require use of heat, solvent, or other adhesives or activators (990-4.9) TRPMs: install according to manufacturers’ recommendations and in accordance with Section 706. Shall have base of at least 12 square inches and retroreflective faces with minimum 2.5 square inches each (970.2.1.2). Time Considerations Centerlines, lane lines, and other markings must be installed prior to opening to traffic (102-10.1). Method of Measurement Length in miles, including gaps for striping. Linear foot for transverse lines, diagonal lines, chevrons, and parking spaces. Each for messages, symbols, and arrows. TRPMs measured by each marker (102-11.20). Removal included in maintenance of traffic (lump sum (102-5.8). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (102-11.1) Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified. Markings to be removed such that pavement surface texture is not damaged and previous markings' pattern completely eliminated. Painting over markings is prohibited (102-5.8). Monitoring and Inspection Worksite traffic supervisor to be appointed to be responsible for initiating, installing, and maintaining all temporary traffic control devices (102-3.2). Temporary traffic control devices must meet acceptable criteria in ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features (102-9.1). Other Notes Removable tape and durable paint may be substituted for standard paint at noadditional cost to the department (102-13.19).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 251   Table E-11. Summary of standard specifications for Georgia. DOT Georgia Resource Description Standard Specifications Construction of Transportation Systems Chapter/Section (if applicable) 105 (Control of work), 150 (Traffic Control), 652 (Painting Traffic Stripe), 653 (Thermoplastic Traffic Stripe), 654 (Raised Pavement Markers), 656 (Removal of Pavement Markings), 657 (Preformed Plastic Pavement Markings), 659 (Hot Applied Preformed Plastic Pavement Markings) Reference Georgia DOT 2013 URL http://www.dot.ga.gov/PartnerSmart/Business/Source/specs/DOT2013.pdf Materials Paint, thermoplastic traffic stripe, RPMs, (hot applied) preformed plastic pavement markings (PPPMs) Construction Requirements Paint: apply at 25 mil thickness on dry, clean surface when air temperature > 50°F and winds not too strong (652). Thermoplastic: apply to dry pavement when temperature > 40°F. Apply > 375°F according to manufacturer's recommendations (653). RPM: apply to dry pavement when temperature > 40°F (654). PPPM: on fresh pavements, apply when air temperature > 60°F and pavement temperature > 120°F. On non-fresh pavements, apply when air temperature > 60°F, pavement temperature > 70°F, previous night's low temperature > 40°F, and no significant rain in 24 hours (657). Hot applied PPPMs: apply to clean, dry surface when air temperature > 35°F (659). Time Considerations Monitor for failure for 30 days following placement (652). If possible, wait 60 to 90 days before applying RPMs to new pavement surfaces (654). Method of Measurement Solid stripes in linear feet, linear mile, or square yard. Skip stripe in gross linear foot or gross linear mile. Markings and symbols by each (652, 657, 659). RPMs paid by each (654). Removal by linear foot, linear mile, gross linear foot, gross linear mile, or square yard (656.4) Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal Blasting (sand or water), grinding, or any method approved by engineer that completely removes markings without damaging pavement surface or texture. Use vacuum simultaneous as blasting to remove residue, sand, etc. (656.3.05). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for maintenance of traffic and keeping project in satisfactory condition at all times (105.14). Other Notes Section 150 (Traffic Control) states that this work is specified in other parts of thecontract. No specifications for temporary pavement markings found.

252 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-12. Summary of standard specifications for Hawaii. DOT Hawaii Resource Description Standard Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 201 (Clearing and Grubbing), 629 (Pavement Markings) Reference Hawaii DOT 2005a URL https://hidot.hawaii.gov/highways/s2005-standard-specifications/2005-standard-specifications/ Materials Temporary pavement marking tape, TPMs, paint (if final paving not completed) (629.03B) Construction Requirements Install 4-inch pavement marking tape at edge of newly paved, scarified, cold- planed, unmarked, and construction roadways. Pavement markers spaced 20 feet apart on center for solid lines. Dashed lines consist of 5-foot sections spaced 20 feet on center (629.03B). Time Considerations Temporary markings must be in place at the end of each workday. Temporary markings must be removed before placing permanent markings (629.03B). Method of Measurement No direct payment for temporary pavement markings (629.04). Basis of Payment No direct payment for temporary pavement markings (629.04). Pavement Marking Removal Grinding, burning, sandblasting, or other methods recommended by manufacturer (for tape). Painting over is not permitted (629.03D). Material and debris should be removed and sent to an authorized site for disposal (201.03F). Monitoring and Inspection Temporary pavement markings to be maintained and replaced as directed by engineer (629.03B). Other Notes Table 629.03-1 provides additional detail on types of pavement markings, including dimensions. Paint may be used for temporary markings in places where final paving is not complete. Pavement markings must be in conformance with MUTCD (629.03).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 253   Table E-13. Summary of standard specifications for Idaho. DOT Idaho Resource Description Standard Specifications for Highway Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 626 (Temporary Traffic Control), 630 (Pavement Markings) Reference Idaho Transportation Department 2018 URL https://apps.itd.idaho.gov/Apps/manuals/SpecBook/SpecBook18.pdf Materials Temporary tape, temporary waterborne paint, two-sided temporary flexible RPMs (undivided highways), reflectorized rigid RPMs (two-sided for undivided highways). Materials to be in accordance with Section 630 (Pavement Markings) (626.02). Construction Requirements To be 4 inches wide, white or yellow, and retroreflective. Adheres properly to pavement surface. 2-foot segments for broken lines. Install temporary raised markers according to manufacturer instruction. Ensure markers can be removed without heat, grinding, or blasting (626.03). Time Considerations Install temporary markings as soon as possible on newly placed pavements (626.03). Method of Measurement Tape and waterborne paint by linear foot, including removal. Temporary raised markers measured by each (626.04). Basis of Payment Contract unit price Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified. Markings to be removed without damaging pavement surface (626.03). Monitoring and Inspection Temporary traffic control devices must meet acceptable or marginal criteria as defined in ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features. Unacceptable devices must be repaired or replaced (626.03). Other Notes For temporary markings, test strip is omitted for waterborne paint. Temporary flexible/rigid RPMs can be used to supplement or replace other pavement markings (626.03).

254 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-14. Summary of standard specifications for Illinois. DOT Illinois Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 703 (Work Zone Pavement Marking), 780 Paint, 783 (Pavement Marking and Marker Removal), 1095 (Pavement Markings) Reference Illinois DOT 2016a URL http://www.idot.illinois.gov/Assets/uploads/files/Doing-Business/Manuals-Guides-&- Handbooks/Highways/Construction/Standard- Specifications/Standard%20Specifications%20for%20Road%20and%20Bridge%20 Construction%202016.pdf Materials Pavement marking tape or paint pavement markings (703.02). Materials must meet requirements for pavement marking tape (1095.06) or paint pavement markings (1095.02). Construction Requirements Paint must be installed in accordance with Section 780. Apply to clean, dry pavement. Apply tape according to manufacturer’s recommendations (703.03). Apply paint when air temperature > 50°F, with thickness > 16 mils, and apply beads at rate of 6 lb/gal (780.06). Time Considerations All temporary markings to be removed within 5 days of placement of permanent markings. Temporary pavement marking must be installed within 3 days for no- passing zones and within 14 days for all other markings. Short-term markings to be replaced by full standard pavement markings (temporary or permanent) as soon as possible (703.04). Method of Measurement Lines measured in linear feet. Double lines measured as two separate lines. Symbols and letters in square feet. Marking removal in square feet markings (703.06, 783.06). Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified. Any method that does not materially damage the pavement surface or texture may be used (783.03). Following removal method, pavement to be cleaned using air blasting, water blasting, or shot blasting (783.04). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to provide contact information for individual responsible for installing and maintaining traffic control (701.04). Other Notes Deteriorated pavement markings must be replaced by contractor within 7 days after placement. Paint generally not permitted on final surface (703.05). Field manual for temporary traffic control (Illinois DOT 2016c) provides quality guidelines for work zone pavement markings and pavement marking removal.

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 255   Table E-15. Summary of standard specifications for Indiana. DOT Indiana Resource Description Standard Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 801 (Traffic Controls for Construction and Maintenance Operations), 808 (Pavement Traffic Markings) Reference Indiana DOT 2020 URL https://www.in.gov/dot/div/contracts/standards/book/sep19/2020%20INDOT%20Standard%20Specifications.pdf Materials Paint, temporary pavement markings tape, TRPM, temporary buzz strip (801.12) Construction Requirements Painted markings applied at thickness of 15 mils when temperature > 40°F. Apply beads at rate of 6 lb/gal of paint. Second application of paint and beads likely required (808.07). Tape markers to be applied according to manufacturer's instructions. Raised markings applied according to manufacturer and used as supplement to other pavement markings. Buzz strips shall be transverse markings constructed of removable or durable markings material (801.12). Time Considerations Temporary markings placed before opening to traffic (801.12). Method of Measurement Solid lines (placing and removal) by total linear feet. Broken or dotted lines (placing or removal) by length of segment by total number of segments. Raised markers measured by each (808.12). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (808.13) Pavement Marking Removal Sandblasting, steel shot blasting, water blasting, grinding, or other approved mechanical methods. Removal must be to the fullest extent possible without damaging the pavement surface. Debris from blasting must be removed. Damage must be repaired (808.10). Monitoring and Inspection Most provisions of 808.07 (Pavement Marking Material Application, Equipment, and Performance) apply with two exceptions: the contractor does not need to measure retroreflectivity of temporary markings and quality adjustments are not made (801.12). A certified worksite traffic supervisor must be appointed to ensure that temporary traffic control devices meet acceptable standards in ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features (801.03). Other Notes Markings in service from Dec. 1 to March 31 shall be painted markings. When temporary markings are to be in place less than 14 days, dashed line pattern may be 4-foot segments on 40-foot centers and gore areas outlined only and may be 5- inch-wide lines (801.12).

256 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-16. Summary of standard specifications for Iowa. DOT Iowa Resource Description Standard Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 2527 (Pavement Marking), 2528 (Traffic Control) Reference Iowa DOT 2015 URL https://iowadot.gov/erl/current/GS/Navigation/nav.htm Materials Removable tape, paint, RPMs Construction Requirements Apply all markings to clean, dry pavements. Tape to adhere well to pavement, and capable of removal without harm to pavement. Apply paint between April 8 and Oct. 22 when temperature is > 45°F. Apply at thickness of 14 mils and rate of 343.7 feet/gal for waterborne, and a thickness of 16 mils and a rate of 300.8 feet/gal for solvent-based. Apply spheres for paint at 9 lb/gal. RPMs used as supplement to other temporary markings and should have minimum area of 1/2 square inch. Follow manufacturer's recommendations (2527.03). Time Considerations Place temporary traffic control devices before removal process begins. Do not remove temporary traffic control devices until any painted markings are tack-free. After new markings are applied, immediately remove any confusing or conflicting markings (2527.03). Method of Measurement Paint and tape lines by station (excluding spacing in skip or dotted lines). RPMs and marking symbols by each. Marking removal by station (2527.04). Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal Remove so that > 90% of pavement is visible. May be done by vacuum blasting, vacuum dry grinding, wet grinding, shot blasting, or high-pressure water blasting. Remove existing marking width plus 1 inch. Waste collection and transfer system must be used with the pavement marking removal equipment (2527.03C). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for maintenance and replacement (if necessary) of all temporary pavement markings (2527.03J). Contractor to keep traffic control technician (2528.01C). Other Notes -

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 257   Table E-17. Summary of standard specifications for Kansas. DOT Kansas Resource Description Standard Specifications for State Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 805 (Work Zone Traffic Control and Safety), 808 (Removal of Existing Pavement Markings) Reference Kansas DOT 2015 URL https://www.ksdot.org/burconsmain/specprov/2015specprov.asp Materials Paint, tape, temporary raised pavement markings (RPMs) (805.3i) Construction Requirements Solid and 8-foot broken lines for expressways, freeways, and configurations in place > 45 days. 3-foot broken lines for use on intermediate and final pavement layers before permanent markings are applied. Flexible RPMs can be used in place of paint or tape for 3-foot broken lines where permanent markers are expected to be placed within 14 days. Apply tape and RPMs according to manufacturer’s recommendations. If RPMs placed on sealed pavement, place prior to applying seal (805.3i). Time Considerations When work will occur at a location for > 3 days, remove or mask conflicting pavement markings. Place temporary markings the same day existing markings are removed, before opening to traffic (805.3i). Method of Measurement Solid, dotted, 8-foot broken, and 3-foot broken lines of paint, tape, or flexible RPMs measured by station. Rigid RPMs by each (805.1). Pavement marking removal by linear foot (808.1). Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal Methods not directly specified. Completely remove without damaging pavement surface or joints. Water blasting only allowed on concrete surfaces. Remove debris. Contractor to repair damage (808.3). Monitoring and Inspection All temporary markings to be maintained according to contract for duration of work and 14 days following completion (805.3i). Deficiencies in continuous markings limited to 10% (805.3i). Other Notes -

258 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-18. Summary of standard specifications for Kentucky. DOT Kentucky Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 112 (Maintenance and Control of Traffic During Construction), 713 (Permanent Pavement Striping), 831 (Construction Zone Temporary Marking Tapes) Reference Kentucky Transportation Cabinet 2019 URL https://transportation.ky.gov/Construction/Standard%20amd%20Supplemental%20 Specifications/Complete%20KYTC%20Standard%20Specifications%20- %202019.pdf Materials Paint, tape, TRPMs Type IVA (112.02) Construction Requirements Paint: for Interstates and parkways, striping to be 6 inches wide; for all other routes, 4 inches wide. In event of double line, spacing between lines is same as the width of one of the lines. Construct skip lines with 10-foot strip and 30-foot gaps. Apply 6- inch paint at rate of 24.8 gal/mile and 4-inch paint at rate of 16.5 gal/mile. Apply glass beads at rate of 6 lb/gal (713.03). Tape: use only new tape with width > 4 inches. Apply according to manufacturer instructions when surface temperatures > 40°F (831). RPMs: Install according to manufacturer’s recommendations (112.03.11). Time Considerations Replace missing or damaged TRPMs within 3 days and missing or damaged stripes or tape within 24 hours (112.03.11). Method of Measurement Striping measured by linear feet. TRPMs measured by each (112.04). Marking removal not measured for payment (713.03.04). Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal Remove markings using ultrahigh water pressure (water blasting). Abrasive methods may be used if removing < 1,000 feet. Vacuum marking material and debris. Avoid damage and repair damage if incurred (713.03.04). Monitoring and Inspection Maintain all temporary markings according to standard drawings, MUTCD, plans, and ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features throughout the duration of the project (112.03.01). Other Notes -

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 259   Table E-19. Summary of standard specifications for Louisiana. DOT Louisiana Resource Description Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges Chapter/Section (if applicable) 713 (Temporary Traffic Control), 732 (Plastic Pavement Markings), 737 (Painted Traffic Striping) Reference Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development 2016 URL http://wwwsp.dotd.la.gov/Inside_LaDOTD/Divisions/Engineering/Standard_Specific ations/Standard%20Specifications/2016%20Standard%20Specifications%20for%2 0Roads%20and%20Bridges%20Manual/00%20-%202016%20- %20Standard%20Specification%20(complete%20manual).pdf Materials Paint, tape, and thermoplastic pavement markings (713.07) Construction Requirements Paint: striping to be 4 inches wide. Apply to clean, dry surface at thickness of 15 mils when temperatures < 50°F and not foggy, misty, or windy (enough to create dust) (737.04). Tape: apply according to manufacturer’ recommendations and approved by engineer. Thermoplastics: do not apply within 12 hours of rain, to wet surfaces, or when temperatures < 50°F (732.03). Time Considerations Temporary markings placed by end of each day. Long-term markings required if additional surface will not be placed within 2 weeks (713.07). Method of Measurement Striping by linear foot or linear mile. Temporary pavement legends and symbols measured by each. Temporary raised markers measured by each. Removal included in cost of temporary markings (713.11.2). Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal Method not directly specified (depends on pavement marking type). No objectionable staining or damage to the pavement surface allowed (713.07.3). Short-term pavement marking removal only required on final surface (713.07.1). Monitoring and Inspection Traffic control supervisor (TCS) and traffic control technician (TCT) appointed to monitor, maintain, and repair temporary traffic control devices. Temporary traffic control devices must be inspected daily and meet acceptable standard in ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features (713.09). Other Notes Table 713.1 provides dimensions for short-term and long-term markings based on ADT (713.07).

260 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-20. Summary of standard specifications for Maine. DOT Maine Resource Description Standard Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 627 (Pavement Markings), 652 (Maintenance of Traffic) Reference Maine DOT 2014b URL https://www.maine.gov/mdot/contractors/publications/standardspec/docs/2014/StandardSpecification-full.pdf Materials Pavement marking paint, reflectorized plastic pavement marking, temporary bidirectional yellow delineators (627.02) Construction Requirements Paint: applied at thickness of 16 mils. Apply glass beads at rate of 8 lb/gal. Temporary pliant polymer marking material required for temporary markings on final pavement and should be in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations (627.06). Bidirectional delineators may substitute for temporary lines and are placed at 40-foot intervals (627.04). Time Considerations 6-month establishment period beginning when temporary markings are in place. If < 95% of markings in place after end of period, markings to be replaced by contractor with no additional payment (627.07). Method of Measurement Temporary pavement marking lines measured as one lump sum. Other pavement markings and pavement marking removal measured by square foot (627.09). Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal Remove markings by high-pressure water, sandblasting, solvent, or other acceptable means. Must completely remove markings without damaging pavement. Burning or grinding not permitted on final surfaces (627.08). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor must provide traffic control in accordance with contract. Contractor to appoint traffic control supervisor (with ATSSA or other certification) responsible for Traffic Control Plan (652.3). Other Notes Temporary pavement lines will be applied as many times as necessary to properly delineate traffic. Bidirectional delineators (placed at 40-foot intervals) may be used in place of temporary lines (627.04).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 261   Table E-21. Summary of standard specifications for Maryland. DOT Maryland Resource Description Standard Specifications for Construction and Materials Chapter/Section (if applicable) 104 (Maintenance of Traffic), 951 (Pavement Markings Materials) Reference Maryland DOT State Highway Administration 2018 URL https://www.roads.maryland.gov/ohd2/2018_Standard_Specifications.pdf Materials Pavement marking paint, blackout tape, removable pavement markings (104.11.02) Construction Requirements Paint: shall conform with manufacturer formulations and meet supplemental requirements for viscosity, pigment for yellow paint, and color and appearance (951.01). Tape: apply according to manufacturer’s recommendations (951.02). Apply only to clean, dry surfaces. Use removable tape as temporary marking on final surfaces (104.11.03.03). Time Considerations Monitor and replace (at no additional payment) tape for 180 days and paint for 60 days (104.11.03.02). Method of Measurement Installation and removal of painted lines, tape, and blackout tape by linear foot. Installation and removal of pavement marking symbols by square foot (104.11.04). Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal Remove completely by water blasting or other approved methods; use of open flame for removal is not allowed. Removed in manner that does not damage pavement surface. Blackout tape can be used to mask existing pavement markings for traffic shift that will last < 14 days (104.11.03.03). Monitoring and Inspection Quality control testing to be performed by certified technicians. Engineer conducts quality assurance checks and completes Nighttime Visibility Evaluations (104.11.03.01). Other Notes Minimum required initial retroreflectivity values for temporary pavement markings are 250 mcd/m2/lx (white) and 150 mcd/m2/lx (yellow) (104.11.03.03).

262 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-22. Summary of standard specifications for Massachusetts. DOT Massachusetts Resource Description Standard Specifications for Highways and Bridges Chapter/Section (if applicable) 850 (Traffic Controls for Construction and Maintenance Operations) Reference Massachusetts DOT 2020b URL https://www.mass.gov/lists/construction-specifications#construction-specifications-lists/ Materials Glass beads, tape, paint, TRPMs (850.44) Construction Requirements All materials applied according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Raised markers used as supplements to paint or tape (850.64). Time Considerations Temporary markings to be effective for 90 days (850.24). Method of Measurement Pavement marking lines by linear feet. RPMs by each. Pavement marking removal by square foot (850.80). Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal Sandblasting, high-pressure water, steam or superheated water, grinders, sanders, scrapers, scarifiers, and wire bushes. Remove to fullest extent possible and repair damage. Remove material and debris. Painting over markings not allowed (850.67). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for installing and inspecting proper temporary traffic control devices (850.20). Condition must meet ATSSA Quality Standards for Work Zone Traffic Control Devices and Features. Replace unsatisfactory devices immediately as directed by engineer (850.40). Other Notes Use standard white or yellow colors from MUTCD. Retroreflectivity requirements of MUTCD must be met for 90 days (850.44).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 263   Table E-23. Summary of standard specifications for Michigan. DOT Michigan Resource Description Standard Specifications for Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 812 (Temporary Traffic Control for Construction Zone Operations), 922 (Temporary Traffic Control Materials) Reference Michigan DOT 2012 URL https://mdotjboss.state.mi.us/SpecProv/specBookHome.htm Materials Temporary Pavement Marking Type R (removable tape), Temporary Pavement Marking Type NR (tape or paint), TRPMs (812.03). Temporary pavement markings to be in accordance with Section 922 (821.02). Construction Requirements Dashed lines 4-foot segments spaced 50 feet apart center-to-center. Removable tape: use when temporary markings needed on final surface. Apply according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Tape or paint: use on pavement to be removed or replaced or when temporary markings align with final permanent markings. TRPMs: apply according to manufacturer's recommendations (812.03). Time Considerations Use paint or nonremovable tape when temporary markings are to be applied November 1 through April 15 (812.03). Method of Measurement Installation and removal of paint and tape lines by linear foot. TRPMs by each (812.04). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (812.04) Pavement Marking Removal Less than 5,000 feet of removal: sandblasting with air or water; shot blasting; high- pressure water; steam or superheated water; or grinders, sanders, scrapers, scarifiers, and wire brushes. More than 5,000 feet of removal: use self-propelled truck-mounted removal equipment. Use of paint or bituminous bond coat to cover existing markings is prohibited. Clean up debris (812.03). Monitoring and Inspection Provide and maintain temporary traffic control devices meeting the requirements in the ATSSA Quality Standards for Work Zone Traffic Control Devices and Features (812.03). Other Notes Contractor may substitute 4-inch-wide markings where 6-inch-wide markings are specified and 8-inch-wide markings where 12-inch-wide markings are specified. Temporary Pavement Marking Type R for use when placing temporary markings on finished pavements in different location than future permanent markings. Temporary Pavement Marking Type NR for use when pavement will be removed or replaced or when temporary markings in same location as permanent markings. TRPM Type 1 for use on chip seals. TRPM Type 3 supplements Type R or Type NR temporary pavement markings at engineer’s direction on tangents, transitions, runarounds, and crossovers (812.03).

264 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-24. Summary of standard specifications for Minnesota. DOT Minnesota Resource Description Standard Specifications for Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 1511 (Inspection of Work), 1701 (Laws to Be Observed), 1710 (Traffic Control Devices), 1717 (Air, Land, and Water Pollution), 2580 (Interim Pavement Marking), 2102 (Pavement Marking Removal) Reference Minnesota DOT 2018 URL http://www.dot.state.mn.us/pre-letting/spec/2018/2018-spec-book-final.pdf Materials Preformed plastic pavement marking tape, multicomponent liquid pavement markings, water-based paint, TRPMs (2580.2) Construction Requirements Apply to clean, dry pavement and following manufacturer’s recommendations. When using paint for interim markings, apply at thickness of 10 mil with beads applied at rate of 6 lb/gal. Apply TRPMs according to manufacturer’s recommendations (2580.3). Time Considerations Apply centerline or lane markings (temporary or final) prior to opening roadway to traffic. Apply roadway edge lines within 14 days of opening roadway to traffic (2580.3). Method of Measurement Length of line segment in linear feet (not including gaps) based on 4-inch width, with adjustment factor for other widths. TRPMs measured according to length in linear feet of line being simulated. At engineer's discretion, work may be included in a single lump-sum payment (2580.4). Marking removal measured by length or area (2102.4). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (2580.5) Pavement Marking Removal Methods not specified. Remove as stated in contract and supervised by the engineer. Minimize pavement damage and repair any damage caused by removal as directed by engineer. Removed marking material must be disposed of in accordance with 1701 and 1717 (2102.3). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to provide and maintain temporary traffic control devices in accordance with contract and Minnesota MUTCD. Department may correct deficiencies in temporary traffic control devices and deduct costs from contractor (1710.2). Materials and work subject to inspection by engineer (1511). Other Notes Dispose of removed marking material in accordance with 1701 (Laws to Be Observed) and 1717 (Air, Land, and Water Pollution).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 265   Table E-25. Summary of standard specifications for Mississippi. DOT Mississippi Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 202 (Removal of Structures and Obstructions), 618 (Maintenance of Traffic and Traffic Control Plan), 619 (Traffic Control for Construction Zones), 710 (Paint) Reference Mississippi DOT 2017b URL http://sp.mdot.ms.gov/Construction/Standard%20Specifications/2017%20Standard%20Specifications.pdf Materials Paint (waterborne or fast dry solvent), pavement marking tape, reflective RPMs (619.02) Construction Requirements Paint: adhere to manufacturer’s recommendations for mix composition (710.02.2.1). Temporary stripes to be 4 inches and be either paint or tape; choice of paint or tape is contractor's decision. Paint must be used for temporary stripes on surface treatments. (619.03.2). Time Considerations - Method of Measurement Temporary stripes measured by total distance in mile or linear foot, including the gaps in the case of skip lines (619.04). Removal of temporary markings included in cost of temporary marking installation. Removal of existing markings measured for payment (619.03). Removal of existing traffic stripes measured by total distance in linear feet not including gaps in skip lines (202.04). Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal Paint removed by controlled blast cleaning, grinding, or other approved methods. Avoid unnecessary damage to pavement surface. Tape removed according to manufacturer’s recommendations (619.03.2). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor must properly maintain temporary traffic control devices in the work zone (619.03.01). Contractor to designate a traffic control supervisor who is certified (618.01). Other Notes -

266 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-26. Summary of standard specifications for Missouri. DOT Missouri Resource Description Standard Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 620 (Pavement Marking) Reference Missouri DOT 2019c URL https://www.modot.org/sites/default/files/documents/2019%20Missouri%20Standard%20Specific%20-%20MHTC%20%28July%202019%29_SIGNED.pdf Materials TRPMs, removable or nonremovable tape, paint (standard waterborne) (620.10) Construction Requirements Painted lines 15 mil thickness, 4-inch width. Tape and TRPMs per manufacturer's recommendations (620.10). Time Considerations Permanent markings must be placed within 14 days after completion of paving (620.2.1). Method of Measurement No final measurement unless authorized changes or errors. Paint and tape: linear foot. TRPMs: each (620.10). Marking removal by linear foot (striping) or each (symbols) (620.50). Basis of Payment Contract unit price for pay items (620.10) Pavement Marking Removal 95% removal; judgement of engineer; contractor to repair excess damage (620.50). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor performs QC evaluations each day and start of marking for each pavement surface. Engineer monitors and measures retroreflectivity. Retroreflectivity measured within 14 days using 30-meter geometry retroreflectometer or handheld retroreflectometer. (620.40). Other Notes Damaged temporary markings must be replaced at contractor's expense within 2 hours. Contractor must place temporary or permanent markings at end of each day. Not more than 1 mile of roadway shall be unmarked. Use of paint instead of tape requires approval. No-passing zones must be marked. Cold-weather paint shall not be used except when temperature between 35°F and 60°F (620.10).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 267   Table E-27. Summary of standard specifications for Montana. DOT Montana Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 618 (Traffic Control), 620 (Pavement Marking Application) Reference Montana DOT 2014 URL https://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/webdata/external/const/specifications/2014/2014_stand_specs.pdf Materials Waterborne paint, striping tape, striping tabs (618.02) Construction Requirements For paint for temporary striping, apply at 10- ± 1-mil-thick wet film immediately followed by 6 lb/gal of glass beads (620.03.05). For paint for interim pavement markings, apply at 16 ± 1 mil with 8 lb/gal of glass beads (620.03.6). Tape and tabs: install in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations and instruction (620.03.5). Time Considerations Temporary striping in conflict with interim or final markings must be removed on same day (618.03.5). Interim markings must be applied within 10 days of placement of temporary striping (620.03.06). Method of Measurement Temporary pavement markings measured by linear mile (618.05). Removal may be measured by the foot or included in cost of other items (620.04.7). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (618.05.1) Pavement Marking Removal Sandblasting with air or water; high-pressure water; steam or superheated water; or mechanical grinding, scraping, sanding, or brushing. Contractor submits for approval of removal method. Remove sand and other material from the surface. Contractor must repair damage (620.03.10). Do not cover with black paint or asphalt (618.03.5). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for furnishing as well as operating, maintaining, and cleaning all temporary traffic control devices when in use (618.03.5). Temporary traffic control devices must meet standards in ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features before they are measured for payment (618.04). Contractor must appoint personnel responsible for temporary traffic control (618.03.2). Other Notes Interim markings to match the final pavement marking configuration (620.03.06).

268 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-28. Summary of standard specifications for Nebraska. DOT Nebraska Resource Description Standard Specifications for Highway Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 424 (Temporary Pavement Marking), 1069 (Temporary Pavement Marking) Reference Nebraska DOT 2017 URL https://dot.nebraska.gov/media/10343/2017-specbook.pdf Materials Temporary pavement markings tape ASTM D4592 (Types I and II), RPMs, overlay markers, and pavement markings paint (1069.01). Construction Requirements Tape: 4 inches wide with reflecting glass beads with index of reflection > 1.90. RPMs: consist of plastic shell > 4 inches wide and < 0.79 inches tall with one or more reflective faces with > 0.38 square inches of reflective surface in each direction. Overlay markers: 4 inches wide by 2 inches tall with one or two reflective faces with dimensions ¼ inch by 4 inches. Paint: composition to be specified in contract (1069.02). Time Considerations - Method of Measurement Temporary stripes and RPMs measured by linear foot, gaps not included. Pavement marking symbols measured by each. Striping removal by linear foot, symbol removal by square foot (424.05). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (424.06) Pavement Marking Removal Remove Type II tape without use of heat, solvents, grinding, or sandblasting (1069.02). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor shall appropriately furnish, install, maintain, and remove all TPMs. At preconstruction conference, contractor must provide contact information for personnel responsible for maintenance of temporary pavement markings. Department may correct deficiencies and deduct funds from contractor (424.01). Other Notes Overlay markers not to be used in place of RPMs, paint, or tape (1069.02).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 269   Table E-29. Summary of standard specifications for Nevada. DOT Nevada Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 105 (Control of Work), 202 (Removal of Structures and Obstructions), 633 (Pavement Markers), 635 (Temporary Pavement Striping Tape), 636 (Temporary Painted Pavement Marking) Reference Nevada DOT 2014 URL https://www.nevadadot.com/home/showdocument?id=6916 Materials Temporary pavement striping tape, temporary paint, and temporary raised markers Construction Requirements Temporary striping widths: 4 inches [Interstates and freeways, 8 inches (ramp gore lines)], and 12 inches (stop bars and crosswalks) (635.03.01). Tape: use of Type I tape (ASTM D4592) is required unless Type II tape is approved (635.02.1). Paint: apply when temperature > 45°F. Apply glass beads at a rate of 6 lb/gal of paint (636.03.1). Apply both paint and tape to clean, dry surfaces. Broken lines to be 10- foot segments with 30-foot gaps. Raised markers: to be reflective at least in direction of oncoming traffic (633.02.05). Time Considerations Place temporary tape before the end of a working day and before opening to traffic (635.03.1). Contractor to comply with mandates for maintenance of temporary striping within 5 working days (636.03.1). Remove temporary striping immediately once traffic pattern has changed (202.03.02). Method of Measurement Tape and paint striping measured by linear foot, including gaps. Painted double lines and solid line with broken line will be measured as one line (635.04.1, 636.04.1). Marking removal measured by linear foot, including gaps (202.04.01). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (635.05.1, 636.05.1) Pavement Marking Removal Remove striping on surfaces that will remain by hydroblasting. Perform removals on all other surfaces by approved methods. Try to avoid pavement damage (202.03.02). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to appoint traffic control supervisor with ATSSA certification (624.03.6). Contractor responsible for maintenance of contract work during construction, including always maintaining structures and roadway in satisfactory condition (105.15). Other Notes -

270 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-30. Summary of standard specifications for New Hampshire. DOT New Hampshire Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 104 (Scope of Work), 619 (Maintenance of Traffic), 632 (Retroreflective Pavement Markings) Reference New Hampshire DOT 2016 URL https://www.nh.gov/dot/org/projectdevelopment/highwaydesign/specifications/documents/2016NHDOTSpecBookWeb.pdf Materials TRPMs, removable or nonremovable tape, paint (standard waterborne) (619.3) Construction Requirements TRPMs: install according to manufacturer's recommendations (619.3.3.1.2). Time Considerations Pavement markings shall be in place at end of each workday (619.3.3.1.1). Method of Measurement TRPMs by each. Tape and paint pavement marking stripes measured by linear foot. Marking removal by linear foot (striping) or square foot (symbols) (632.4). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (632.5.1). Pavement Marking Removal Remove by grinding, sandblasting, blackout tape, or other methods approved by engineer that do not cause material damage to the pavement surface. Minimize pavement scarring. Painting over existing markings with paint or asphalt mixtures is not allowed. Remove and dispose of pavement markings in conformance with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations (632.3.5). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for maintaining temporary traffic control devices according to MUTCD (104.03). Temporary traffic control devices must meet acceptable criteria in ATSSA Quality Standards for Work Zone Traffic Control Devices and Features. Temporary traffic control devices in unacceptable condition must be replaced. Retroreflectivity of temporary traffic control devices must be 90% of new material. Replacement required if retroreflectivity falls below 70% of new material (619.3.2). Other Notes TRPMs not to be used as substitute or supplement for edge lines (619.3.3.1.2). Flexible raised pavement markings not allowed on Interstates or high-speed multilane roads (619.3.3.1.3).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 271   Table E-31. Summary of standard specifications for New Jersey. DOT New Jersey Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 159 (Traffic Control), 201 (Clearing Site), 610 (Traffic Stripes, Traffic Markings, and Rumble Strips) Reference New Jersey DOT 2019 URL https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/eng/specs/2019/pdf/StandSpecRoadBridge_20190528.pdf Materials Latex paint, temporary marking tape, removable black line masking tape, TPMs(159.02.01) Construction Requirements Temporary markers: apply to clean, dry surfaces with butyl adhesive pads (159.03.04). Tape: apply to clean, dry surfaces that are 50° to 150°F when air temp > 50°F and rising. Tamp the tape for initial adhesion and then apply pressure by driving a truck over several times slowly (159.03.05). Paint: thickness of 6 ± 1 mil with glass beads applied at rate of 12 lb/gal. Apply when air temp > 45°F and pavement < 140°F. Time Considerations Only remove temporary markings when permanent markings can be placed on the same day (159.03.04). Use latex striping and markings for less than 14 days. Apply epoxy stripes and thermoplastic markings for more than 14 days (159.03.06). Method of Measurement Painted stripes and tape by linear foot. Painted symbols and temporary markers by each (159.04). For removal, stripes by linear foot, RPMs by each, and traffic markings by square foot (610.04). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (159.04). Pavement Marking Removal No methods specified. Any method that does not damage the underlying or adjacent pavement. Contractor must show to resident engineer that the method will remove at least 95% of the markings while limiting remove thickness to 1/16 inch. Area of removal includes markings and 1 inch on all sides. Only remove traffic stripes that will be replaced on the same workday (610.03.08). Dispose of marking materials in accordance with applicable state regulations and solid waste management plan (201.03.01.H). Monitoring and Inspection Traffic control coordinator (TCC) responsible (on behalf of the contractor) for implementation, maintenance, and quality control of temporary traffic control devices. Temporary traffic control devices must meet acceptable criteria in ATSSA Quality Standards for Work Zone Traffic Control Devices and Features (159.03.01). Other Notes -

272 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-32. Summary of standard specifications for New Mexico. DOT New Mexico Resource Description Standard Specifications for Highway and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 618 (Traffic Control Management), 704-A (Temporary Marking Tape), 721 (Pavement Marking Removal) Reference New Mexico DOT 2019b URL https://dot.state.nm.us/content/dam/nmdot/Plans_Specs_Estimates/2019_Specs.pdf Materials Temporary marking tape (704-A.2) Construction Requirements Tape to be 4 inches or 6 inches wide and > 35 mils thick. Apply to clean, dry pavement according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Retroreflectivity requirements in Table 704-A.2:1 must be met (704-A). Time Considerations - Method of Measurement Tape measured by linear foot (704-A.4). Pavement marking removal by linear foot (721.4). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (704-A.5, 721.5) Pavement Marking Removal Remove markings by water blasting to fullest extent without damaging the pavement surface. Use of black tape or paint not allowed. Remove and dispose of debris (721.3). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to appoint at least one TCS (with ATSSA or other certification) in charge of maintaining, cleaning, and replacing temporary traffic control devices. Temporary traffic control devices to be inspected every day they are in use (618.2). Other Notes -

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 273   Table E-33. Summary of standard specifications for New York State. DOT New York State Resource Description Standard Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 619 (Work Zone Traffic Control) Reference New York State DOT 2020a URL https://www.dot.ny.gov/main/business-center/engineering/specifications/english-spec-repository/2020_1_specs_usc_tc_vol3.pdf Materials Paint, removable pavement tape, removable wet-night reflective tape, temporary overlay markers, removable RPMs (619-3.06) Construction Requirements Temporary striping to be 4 inches wide. Temporary markings installed to clean dry surface according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Paint: applied at minimum wet thickness of 20 mils and glass beads applied immediately at a rate of 6 lb/gal. Temporary raised markers: for solid lines, place at 5-foot gaps. For striped lines place markers 2 feet apart at ends of 2-foot striped line sections (619-3.06). Time Considerations Temporary markings shall be in place by nightfall or end of workday, whichever is earlier. Within 14 days of installing any temporary markings, contractor shall either place next pavement course or install remaining temporary markings (619-3.06). Interim markings may be for up to 1 year (619-3.07). Removal must be finished prior to installation of temporary pavement markings or interim pavement markings (619-3.05). Method of Measurement Striping measured in linear feet of 4-inch-wide markings (not including gaps). Adjustments made for markings greater than 4 inches wide (619-4.06). Removal in feet (stripes) or each (letters or symbols) (619-5). Removal included in cost of work for removable pavement tape, removable wet-night reflective tape, temporary overlay markers, and removable RPMs (619-1.06). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (619-5.06) Pavement Marking Removal Markings can be removed or masked. Removal methods not specified, at contractor’s option, provided that satisfactory results can be obtained. Masking performed with removable pavement masking tape. Install masking tape according to manufacturer's instructions (619-3.05). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for installing and maintaining temporary markings according to contract documents (619-3.06). Contractor to appoint person (with ATSSA or other certification) with primary responsibility for implementation of work zone traffic control plan (619-3.01). Other Notes Removable RPMs used to supplement, not substitute for, painted pavement markings. If temporary pavement markings cannot be applied due to weather, place 2 feet of removable tape markings or temporary overlay markings at 40-foot intervals for a maximum of 3 days until standard temporary markings can be placed (619-3.06). Temporary markings (619-3.06) for durations of 14 days or less. Interim markings (619-3.07) are for crossovers, lane shifts and closures, and other temporary traffic patterns and may be used for up to 1 year.

274 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-34. Summary of standard specifications for North Carolina. DOT North Carolina Resource Description Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures Chapter/Section (if applicable) 1101 (Work Zone Traffic Control General Requirements), 1105 (Temporary Traffic Control Devices), 1205 (Pavement Marking General Requirements), 1251 (Raised Pavement Markers) Reference North Carolina DOT 2018a URL https://connect.ncdot.gov/resources/Specifications/StandSpecLibrary/2018%20Standard%20Specifications%20for%20Roads%20and%20Structures.pdf Materials Interim paint (1205-3E), TRPMs (1251-3) Construction Requirements Interim paint: use for detours, lane shifts, and surfaces other than final surface to meet time requirements when application of final pavement markings cannot occur (1205-5E). TRPMs: install with epoxy, pressure-sensitive adhesives, or hot bitumen adhesives (1251-3). Time Considerations Temporary traffic control devices must be installed before commencement of construction and removed immediately when they are no longer needed (1105-3). Method of Measurement TRPMs by each (1251-5). Paint by linear foot. Removal is measured similarly but paid separately (1205-10). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (1205-10, 1251-5) Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified. Remove by methods that are acceptable to the engineer and will not materially damage pavement surface or texture. High-pressure water blasting is not permitted on asphalt. Remove 95% of markings when polyurea is placed over existing markings. Remove 85% of markings when thermoplastic is placed over existing markings and the existing markings are not thermoplastic. Black paint or tape not allowed on concrete. Clean up and dispose of debris (1205- 3I). Monitoring and Inspection Continuous maintenance and daily scheduled inspections of temporary traffic control devices are required. Work zone traffic control devices meeting unacceptable criteria in ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Work Zone Traffic Control Devices and Features must be replaced (1105-4). Contractor to appoint work zone supervisor (1101-13). Other Notes -

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 275   Table E-35. Summary of standard specifications for North Dakota. DOT North Dakota Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 704 (Temporary Traffic Control), 762 (Pavement Marking) Reference North Dakota DOT 2014 URL https://www.dot.nd.gov/divisions/environmental/docs/supspecs/2014StandardSpecifications.pdf Materials Short-Term Pavement Marking Type NR, Short-Term Pavement Marking Type R, RPMs (762.03) Construction Requirements Short-term markings: allow final lift of asphalt surfaces to cool to 125°F before applying. Apply with alignment and spacing to match permanent markings. RPMs: for broken lines on a two-lane, two-way roadway, apply four markers spaced at 3.33-foot centers with a 30-foot gap. For solid lines, space markers at 5 feet. For double lines, place markers side-by-side 4 inches apart (762.04D). Time Considerations Apply short-term markings to the centerline before sunset on the same day the milling or paving work is performed (762.04D). Method of Measurement RPMs by each, short-term line markings by linear foot, and short-term symbols (or message markings) by square foot. Removable short-term markings include cost of installation and removal (762.06). Do not include length of gaps in broken lines. If RPMs substituted for paint, measure lengths of pavement line that would exist if paint had been installed (762.05). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (762.06) Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified. Remove by methods that do not permanently damage the pavement surface or texture. When removing using blast methods, immediately remove blast material from pavement. Masking allowed (704.04N). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for furnishing, installing, and maintaining traffic control at all times (762.01). Temporary traffic control devices classified based on ATSSA Quality Standards for Work Zone Traffic Control Devices and Features. Temporary traffic control devices in marginal category limited to 25% or less. Pavement markings that fall into the classification of unacceptable must be removed within 24 hours (762.04B). TCS must be provided if designated in plans (762.04C). Other Notes Short-term pavement markings include Type NR (Nonremovable), Type R (Removable), and Short-Term Pavement Markings for Seal Coat Projects (762.04D).

276 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-36. Summary of standard specifications for Ohio. DOT Ohio Resource Description Construction and Material Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 614 (Maintaining Traffic), 740 (Pavement Marking Material) Reference Ohio DOT 2019 URL http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/ConstructionMgt/OnlineDocs/Specifications/2019CMS/2019_CMS_10162018%20Final%20to%20Printer.pdf Materials Type 1 or Type 1A paint, Type I or Type II preformed material (614.11B), work zone raised pavement markers (WZRPMs) (614.115) Construction Requirements Paint: to be fast-dry, water-based, 100% acrylic. Type 1A used for cold weather applications (740.02). Application rates shown in Table 614.11-1. Preformed material: pavement marking material Type I (removable) to be > 0.03 inches and Type II (nonremovable) to be > 0.015 inches (740.06). Work zone RPMs: install according to manufacturer's recommendations to clean, dry pavement when pavement temp > 50°F (614.115). Time Considerations Use Class I work zone markings when > 14 days before final markings installed. Use Class II markings for short term. Use Class III markings for surface course when thermoplastic, spray thermoplastic, or epoxy final markings will be placed within 30 days (614.11F). Ensure that work zone markings are complete and in place before opening to traffic (614.11C). Method of Measurement Work zone marking lines measured by length (feet, mile) including gaps and intersections. Work zone RPMs measured by each. Payment includes layout, application, and removal of markings (614.15). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (614.16) Pavement Marking Removal Sand-, shot, or water blasting allowed on asphalt and concrete surfaces. Grinding may be used on temporary or nonfinal surfaces. Remove at least 95% of markings. Damage resulting in removal of more than 1/8-inch thickness of pavement must be repaired. Removable, nonreflective, preformed blackout tape is permitted with engineer's approval to cover conflicting markings. Blackout tape must be removed or replaced within 15 days of installation (614.11G). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor must install and maintain all temporary traffic control devices (614.10). Engineer will evaluate markings according to performance parameters. Markings receiving unsatisfactory numerical ratings (six or lower for daytime color and night visibility, five or lower for durability) are to be replaced immediately (614.11). Contractor to appoint someone responsible for implementing Transportation Management Plan (614.03). Other Notes Work zone RPMs may be used as substitute for or supplement to work zone pavement markings (614.115). Table provided for spacing of work zone RPMs Type A to simulate delineation of various types of lines (614.115).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 277   Table E-37. Summary of standard specifications for Oklahoma. DOT Oklahoma Resource Description Standard Specifications for Highway Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 105 (Control of Work), 857 (Construction Zone Pavement Markings), 880 (Construction Signing and Traffic Control) Reference Oklahoma DOT 2019 URL https://www.odot.org/c_manuals/specbook/2019%20-FULL-SPEC-Web-Version.pdf Materials Paint, removable pavement marking tape, or as shown on plans (857.02) Construction Requirements Apply tape and markings according to manufacturer’s recommendations to clean, dry surface when air temperatures > 50°F and wind chill > 40°F (857.04). Time Considerations Have temporary markings in place before opening any detour to traffic (857.04). Method of Measurement Striping (installation and removal) by linear foot. Words, symbols, and markers (installation and removal) by each (857.05). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (857.06) Pavement Marking Removal No required methods specified but hydroblasted mentioned by name. Remove markings according to engineer's direction without damaging the pavement surface or texture. Contractor to repair damage. Removing more than 5 mils indicates damage. Dispose of waste materials in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Painting or blotting out markings not allowed (857.04). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for maintaining work until acceptance. Unsatisfactory maintenance must be addressed within 24 hours (105.14). Contractor to appoint observer (ATSSA or department certification) to maintain temporary traffic control devices (880.02). Other Notes -

278 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-38. Summary of standard specifications for Oregon. DOT Oregon Resource Description Standard Specifications for Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 225 (Work Zone Traffic Control) Reference Oregon DOT 2018 URL https://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/Business/Documents/2018_STANDARD_SPECIFICATIONS.pdf Materials Pavement markers, temporary tape, paint (225.43g) Construction Requirements Pavement markers: construct skip lines with three individual markers spaced 5 feet apart with 30-foot gap. Solid lines made up of markers spaced 10 feet apart (225.43e). Paint or tape: striping to be 4 inches wide. Apply 10-foot segments with 30-foot gaps for skip lines (225.43g). Time Considerations On final surfaces, place permanent markings a maximum of 28 days after applying the temporary markings (225.43e). Method of Measurement Installation and removal of temporary striping (paint or tape) by linear foot. Installation and removal of temporary markers by each (225.93). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (225.93) Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified. Grinding not allowed on wearing course or existing surfaces unless markings will be paved over or obliterated or markings in same location as original markings. Do not damage pavement. Contractor to repair damage. Limit removal thickness to 1/8 inch of pavement. Contain, collect, and dispose of all removed pavement marking materials. Use of paint or asphalt to cover markings instead of removing is not allowed (225.43i). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for evaluating, maintaining, repairing, and replacing all temporary traffic control devices. Temporary traffic control devices to be evaluated according to standards of ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features. Any devices considered marginal or unacceptable must be replaced (225.60). Other Notes Types of temporary tape include temporary removable tape, temporary nonremovable tape, and temporary nonreflective tape (225.43f). Types of pavement markers include reflective pavement markers, flexible oiling pavement markers, and flexible overlay pavement markers (225.43e).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 279   Table E-39. Summary of standard specifications for Pennsylvania. DOT Pennsylvania Resource Description Standard Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 901 (Maintenance and Protection of Traffic During Construction), 962 (Waterborne Pavement Markings), 963 (Pavement Marking Removal) Reference Pennsylvania DOT 2019 URL https://www.dot.state.pa.us/public/PubsForms/Publications/Pub_408/408_2016/408_2016_IE/408_2016_IE.pdf Materials Waterborne paint (962.2), temporary nonplowable RPMs (901.3u), temporary pavement marking tape (901.2) Construction Requirements Waterborne paint: application rates 15 mils ± 1 mil, 12 mils ± 1 mil for edge line markings, 7 lb/gal for glass beads. Retroreflectivity must be measured within 21 days and meet minimum values (250 mcd/m2/lx white and 165 mcd/m2/lx yellow) (962.3). Minimum temperature for application of paint 50°F. Relative humidity must be less than 80% for placement. Retroreflectivity requirements waived if department directs contractor to install markings when temperature and relative humidity requirements not met. 4-inch-wide markings except for lane lines on multilane highways, which are 6-inch markings. Temporary pavement marking tape or nonplowable raised markers may be used instead of paint (except for final markings) when directed (901.3k). Temporary RPMs per manufacturer’s recommendations (901.3u). Time Considerations For most operations, replace all lane lines and centerlines on same day. For seal coat/surface treatment (oil and chip), place “No Pavement Markings” signs at 0.5- mile intervals and replace signs with markings in 7 to 14 days. For slurry seal, heat scarification, and microsurfacing operations, install “No Pavement Markings” signs at 0.5-mile intervals and replace signs with markings in 3 to 7 days (901.3k). Method of Measurement Linear foot for line markings. Each for legend markings (962.4). Removal of pavement marking lines by linear foot or square foot. Removal of pavement marking legends by each or square foot (963.4). Basis of Payment Unit bid price Pavement Marking Removal No required methods specified. Remove at least 90% of markings and avoid damaging or grooving the surface more than 1/32 inch. Grinding is only allowed for removal of thermoplastics, cold plastic, or epoxy marking materials. Collect and dispose of residue. Contractor to repair damage. Painting over existing markings with black paint is not allowed (963.3). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor must always maintain, clean, and operate all temporary traffic control devices; devices must comply with the acceptable or marginal standards of the Pennsylvania Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices. If contractor fails to meet maintenance requirements, the department will establish a deadline for completion of maintenance (901.3a, b). Other Notes -

280 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-40. Summary of standard specifications for Rhode Island. DOT Rhode Island Resource Description Standard Specifications for Rhode and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) T.20 (Pavement Markings), T.21 (Temporary Construction Zone Reflective Pavement Delineators), 105.13 (Maintenance During Construction) Reference Rhode Island DOT 2018 URL http://www.dot.ri.gov/documents/doingbusiness/Bluebook.pdf Materials Temporary reflectorized pavement markings (tape), temporary fast-drying waterborne pavement markings (T20.01), temporary construction zone reflective pavement delineators (T.21) Construction Requirements Temporary waterborne paint: reflective spheres to be applied at rate 3 lb/gal to wet paint with thickness of 8 mils (T.20.03.4). Temporary waterborne paint must meet requirements in T.20.03.3 Paragraphs a, b, and c. Temporary pavement delineators: consist of shell and lens molded from methyl methacrylate. Dimensions to be 4 inches x 4 inches with reflective area > 0.38 square inches in each reflective face. Adhere to clean, dry surface according to manufacturer's recommendations (T.21.02, T.21.03). Time Considerations Temporary markings placed on newly paved roadways that shall be open to traffic at the end of each day's work (T.20.03.4). Removed markings must be replaced within 1 day (T.20.03.6d). Method of Measurement Installation and removal of temporary striping (paint or tape) by linear foot (excluding gaps and skips). In certain cases, all temporary traffic control paid as lump sum (T20.04). Temporary pavement delineators measured by each (T.21.04). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (T.20.05, T.21.05) Pavement Marking Removal Grinding or power washing. Remove at least 95% of surface area of markings. Removal equipment must collect grindings (T.20.03.6d). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for maintenance of work during construction (105.13). Paint manufacturer must provide two 1-quart samples and batch formula before award (T.20.03.3c). Other Notes Installation of temporary pavement markings in same direction as traffic flow (T.20.03.6b).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 281   Table E-41. Summary of standard specifications for South Carolina. DOT South Carolina Resource Description Standard Specifications for Highway Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 609 (Temporary Pavement Markings), 610 (Work Zone Traffic Control Procedures) Reference South Carolina DOT 2007 URL https://www.scdot.org/business/pdf/2007_full_specbook.pdf Materials Fast-dry paint, thermoplastic, epoxy, tape, and TRPMs (609.1) Construction Requirements Apply all markings according to plans on clean, dry surface. Do not place thermoplastic, epoxy, or tape within 24 hours after rainfall. Paint: apply at wet film thickness of no less than 15 mils. Thermoplastics: apply at thickness of 60 mils on asphalt pavements that must maintain traffic for 4 to 6 months or longer. Epoxy: apply at thickness of 20 mils on concrete pavements that must maintain traffic for 4 to 6 months or longer (609.4). TRPMs: use as supplement to other temporary pavement markings (609.4.2). Time Considerations Install TRPMs within 7 days of application of an asphalt concrete course unless another asphalt concrete course is scheduled within 30 days (609.4.2). Method of Measurement Temporary marking lines measured by linear foot (excluding gaps in broken lines). Temporary marking symbols and TRPMs measured by each. No separate measurement for pavement marking removal (609.5). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (609.6) Pavement Marking Removal Sandblasting with air or water, high-pressure water, steam or superheated water, shot blasting, and (on asphalt surfaces only) grinding. Use of paint to cover markings not allowed. Remove residue from blasting. If pavement is damaged during removal, contractor must repair or resurface pavement (609.4.1.2). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor responsible for maintaining traffic during project construction including providing, installing, maintaining, relocating, and removing all temporary traffic control devices (610.1). Other Notes Temporary marking retroreflectivity must be in accordance with department requirements (609.2.1.2).

282 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-42. Summary of standard specifications for South Dakota. DOT South Dakota Resource Description Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges Chapter/Section (if applicable) 634 (Temporary Traffic Control) Reference South Dakota DOT 2015 URL https://dot.sd.gov/media/documents/2015_SDDOT_SpecBook.pdf Materials Temporary paint (980 Paint), TRPMs, temporary flexible vertical markers (tabs), and temporary pavement marking tape (984 Temporary Traffic Control Devices) (634.2, 634.3L) Construction Requirements Tape: applied according to manufacturer's recommendations. To be 4 inches wide and 2 feet long in 40-foot cycles (or 20-foot cycles for curves with severe curvature). TRPMs and flexible vertical markers: used in place of paint or tape, to be 4 inches wide and applied according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Paint: to be 4-feet long and cycle lengths of 40 feet (or 2feet long with 20-foot cycles for curves with severe curvature) (634.3L). Time Considerations Remove pavement markings before changing traffic pattern (634.3M). Method of Measurement Temporary pavement markings measured by linear foot or mile. One longitudinal measurement is taken along roadway centerline and used as pay quantity for all temporary pavement markings. Payment for marking removal based on plan quantities (634.4J, K). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (634.5J, K) Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified. Any method that does not materially damage the pavement surface or texture. Covering of markings not allowed. Remove accumulated material such as sand. Contractor to repair damage (634.3M). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor shall constantly monitor and maintain temporary traffic control devices. Contractor shall make weekly after-dark inspections and appoint employee(s) whose primary job is to maintain temporary traffic control devices (634.3). Other Notes -

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 283   Table E-43. Summary of standard specifications for Tennessee. DOT Tennessee Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 712 (Temporary Traffic Control), 716 (Pavement Markings) Reference Tennessee DOT 2015 URL https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/tdot/construction/old_web_page/TDOT_2015_Spec_Book_FINAL_pdf.pdf Materials Temporary pavement marking tape or reflectorized paint with raised reflective pavement markers (712.02B) Construction Requirements For temporary striping, provide 4-inch-wide markings as described in the plans. On intermediate surfaces, use paint, tape, RPMs, or a combination as indicated in plans (712.06). Time Considerations Install all necessary temporary pavement markings before dark (712.06). Method of Measurement Temporary striping (paint, tape, RPMs, or a combination) measured by linear feet installed (712.09). For work zones, removal of pavement markings included in lump-sum-item traffic control (712.09). Removal of painted markings by linear feet except for channelization striping (square yard) and word or design (each) (716.08L, 716.09). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (712.10, 716.09) Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified. Use method that causes the least amount of pavement damage. Contractor to repair damage as directed by engineer. Do not apply black paint or asphalt over markings in lieu of removal. Remove residue. If plastic is replacing paint, at least 75% paint removal required (716.07B). Monitoring and Inspection Maintain temporary traffic control devices to meet the acceptable requirements as prescribed by ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features (712.07). Other Notes Removable pavement markings must use materials from Qualified Product List (712.02B).

284 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-44. Summary of standard specifications for Texas. DOT Texas Resource Description Standard Specifications Book, Departmental Material Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 662 (Work Zone Pavement Markings), 666 (Retroreflectivized Pavement Markings), 668 (Prefabricated Pavement Markings), 672 (Raised Pavement Markers), 677 (Eliminating Existing Pavement Markings and Markers) Reference Texas DOT 2014b URL https://www.txdot.gov/business/resources/txdot-specifications.html Materials Thermoplastic, paint, pavement markers (reflectorized), traffic buttons, permanent prefabricated pavement markings, temporary (removable) prefabricated pavement markings, temporary flexible, reflective roadway marker tabs, glass beads (662.2). Construction Requirements Thermoplastic: apply with thickness at least 60 mils. Paint: apply with minimum dry thickness of 12 mils (662.3.1). Retroreflective markings: install to clean, dry surfaces according to plans (666.4). Prefabricated markings: apply to clean, completely dry surface according to manufacturer's recommendations and specifications of plans (668.3). RPMs: apply RPMs and adhesives according to manufacturer's recommendations. Place immediately after adhesive is applied and ensure that 100% of bonding area is in contact with adhesive (672.3). Time Considerations Install temporary markings before opening roadway to traffic. Place standard (permanent) markings at least 3 days after placement of surface treatment (662.3.1). Maintain markings for 30 days following installation (662.3.3). Method of Measurement Striping measured by linear foot. Words, shapes, symbols, and temporary reflective roadway marker tabs measured by each. RPMs used to simulate markings to be measured by foot of marking or each RPM. Measurement is based on plan quantities (662.4). Removal by each (word, symbols, shapes) or foot based on plan quantities (677.5). Basis of Payment Unit bid price. Includes installation and removal for work zone pavement markings (662.5). Existing pavement markings and markers based on unit price with no direct payment for removal of RPMs (677.6). Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified. Burning, blasting, surface treatment, and mechanical methods mentioned. Grinding not allowed. Removal should minimize pavement damage as approved by engineer. Markers must be removed in conformance with federal, state, and local regulations. Contractor must repair damage more than 1/4- inch deep (677.4). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to ensure inspection of all markings to verify visibility from at least 300 feet in daylight and 160 feet at night (in automobile low-beam headlights) (662.3.3). Other Notes Short-term markings allowed when standard markings cannot be placed before opening to traffic. When short-term markings are used in this way place standard markings within 14 days of placement of the surface. Inclement weather may extend this time frame (662.3.1).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 285   Table E-45. Summary of standard specifications for Utah. DOT Utah Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 01554 (Traffic Control), 01558 (Temporary Pavement Markings), 02765 (Pavement Marking Paint) Reference Utah DOT 2017b URL https://www.udot.utah.gov/main/uconowner.gf?n=31730316757114651 Materials Pavement marking paint and glass beads, pavement marking tape, TRPMs (01558.2) Construction Requirements TRPMs: to be 4 inches wide, 2 inches tall, 0.06-inch thickness with reflective surface of at least 1 square inch (01558.2). Spacing to be 10 feet for solid line, three at 5 feet at 40-foot cycle length for broken lines. Apply according to manufacturer's direction. Paint: reapply painted markings at 2-week intervals to maintain clarity. Tape: apply according to manufacturer's direction (01558.3). Time Considerations - Method of Measurement Temporary pavement markings not measured (01558.1.7) Basis of Payment Costs included in "Traffic Control" (01558.1.7) Pavement Marking Removal High-pressure water spray, sandblasting, shot blasting. Do not cover with black paint or other substance in lieu of removal. Do not use grinding unless approved by engineer (02765.3.4). Monitoring and Inspection All temporary traffic control devices must meet acceptable classification in ATSSA Quality Standards for Work Zone Traffic Control Devices and Features (01554.1.11). Contractor to appoint traffic control maintainer (ATSSA certification and department endorsement) responsible for oversight of traffic control (01554.1.10). Other Notes -

286 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-46. Summary of standard specifications for Vermont. DOT Vermont Resource Description Standard Specifications for Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 641 (Traffic Control Devices), 646 (Retroreflective Pavement Markings) Reference Vermont Agency of Transportation 2018 URL https://outside.vermont.gov/agency/VTRANS/external/docs/construction/02ConstrS erv/PreContract/2018SpecBook/2018%20Standard%20Specifications%20for%20C onstruction.pdf Materials Temporary pavement marking tape (removable), pavement marking mask, linestriping targets (LSTs), and paint with glass beads (646.08) Construction Requirements Tape: install according to manufacturer's requirement. Mask: to be black or other color compatible with pavement surface and to be installed according to manufacturer's requirements. LST: to be used as substitute for pavement markings for 14 days or less. For solid lines, placed in 10-foot intervals; for dashed lines, place groups of three LSTs spaced at 5 feet with 30-foot spaces between groups. Paint: when applied to base or intermediate surfaces, have thickness of at least 8 mils with glass beads applied at 3 lb/gal (646.08). Time Considerations All temporary markings to be applied at the end of each workday and completed before dusk (646.04). Method of Measurement Striping measured by linear feet, not including gaps or open spaces in dashed or dotted lines. LSTs measured by each. Pavement marking mask and marking removal measured by square feet (646.13). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (646.14) Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified. Remove in a manner that minimizes pavement scars and removes all of the existing markings (grinding is used as an example). Painting over existing markings is not permitted. Removal should meet the approval of the engineer (646.12). Monitoring and Inspection Traffic devices must conform to contract and MUTCD. Contractor responsible for inspections during daytime and nighttime to verify proper placement and operation of temporary traffic control devices (631.03). Other Notes Markings on wearing course that remain in place for less than 14 days must betape or LSTs, not paint (646.08).

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 287   Other Notes Type A or B pavement markings for use when roadway will be resurfaced. Type D and Classes II and III (removable tape) pavement markings for use on final pavement surface or if traffic pattern may change before pavement resurfacing. Type E is nonreflective black removable tape (512.03k). Tables of retroreflectivity requirements for different pavement marking types in 246.03. Table E-47. Summary of standard specifications for Virginia. DOT Virginia Resource Description Road and Bridge Specifications Chapter/Section (if applicable) 246 (Pavement Markings), 512 (Maintaining Traffic), 704 (Pavement Marking and Markers) Reference Virginia DOT 2016a URL http://www.virginiadot.org/business/resources/const/VDOT_2016_RB_Specs.pdf Materials TPMs (in accordance with Section 235), flexible temporary pavement markers (FTPMs) (from Approved Products List 22), temporary (construction) pavement markings (in accordance with Section 246 (512.02). Temporary (construction) pavement markings include Type A or B [temporary (construction) markings], Type D, Classes II and III (removable tape), and Type E (nonreflective black removable tape) (512.03k). Construction Requirements Temporary (construction) pavement markers applied according to manufacturer’s recommendations (512.03k). Temporary markers installed at 20-foot spacing in merging or shifting tapers of work zones that will encroach upon the traveled roadway for more than 3 days. In other uses, temporary markers placed at 40-foot spacing (512.03m). Time Considerations Pavement markings shall be complete as follows: (1) prior to opening up lane to traffic for Interstates and freeways; (2) within 24 hours for roadways with traffic volumes > 10,000 ADT; (3) within 48 hours for roadways with volumes between. 3,000 and 10,000 ADT; and (4) within 72 hours for roadways with volumes < 3,000 ADT. If permanent markings cannot be installed within these time constraints, temporary markings shall be installed within the same time frame and remain in place until permanent markings can be installed (704.03). Method of Measurement Temporary striping measured in linear feet, temporary symbols and word markings, and TPMs by each. Removal of striping markings measure in linear feet of 6-inch width of removal. Other marking removal measured in square feet (512.04). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (512.04) Pavement Marking Removal Grinding, blasting, or a combination. Other methods may be used with engineer’s approval. Workers must be protected in conformance with OSHA standards during the removal process. Dispose of removal residue in accordance with state and federal regulations. Contractor to repair damage that causes unsafe conditions. For lane shifts and transitions, 100% removal is required (512.03l). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor shall perform quality control testing and maintain a daily log (Form C-85) for both permanent and temporary markings and markers (704.03). Contractor responsible for maintaining markings and replacing markings as needed. Deficient temporary (construction) markings include markings with inadequate retroreflectivity, color qualities, or adherence to pavement. Engineer will conduct visual nighttime inspections of temporary (construction) pavement markings for retroreflectivity (512.03k).

288 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-48. Summary of standard specifications for Washington. DOT Washington Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 5-02 (Bituminous Surface Treatment), 8-23 (Temporary Pavement Markings) Reference Washington State DOT 2020b URL https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/fulltext/M41-10/SS.pdf Materials RPM, temporary marking paint, plastic, glass beads, temporary pavement marking tape, temporary flexible RPMs (8-23.2) Construction Requirements Broken lines consist of 4-foot lines with 36-foot gap. Paint: for short-duration markings, applied at thickness of 15 mils or 108 square feet per gallon. Tape: apply according to manufacturer’s recommendations. TRPMs: not permitted on bituminous pavement treatments. Flexible raised markings: required for new applications of bituminous surface treatments but not permitted for other pavement types. Apply according to manufacturer's recommendations [8-23.3(4)]. Time Considerations Place temporary pavement markings on same day as paving [5-02.2(11)]. Method of Measurement Temporary markings measured by linear feet (with no deduction for gaps in lines) or by each grouping of markings (8-23.4). Removal measured by linear foot (line markings), each (symbol markings), or square foot (crosswalks) (8-22.4). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (8-23.5 and 8-22.5) Pavement Marking Removal Remove such that blemishes blend in with adjacent pavement. Grinding can be used to fully remove markings in areas designated for application of hot mix asphalt (HMA) or bituminous surface treatment (BST). Such removal to take place from April 1 through Sept. 30 and only in areas that shall be paved in the same time frame. For removal on concrete surfaces and areas not overlaid by HMA or BST, grinding allowed but limited to depth just below the surface, and then water blasting or shot blasting required. Remove sand and other material. Contractor to repair damage as determined by the engineer [8-22.3(6)]. Flexible markers on bituminous surfaces to be removed by being cut flush with the surface [8-23.3(4)E]. Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to maintain temporary pavement markings in serviceable condition until placement of permanent markings. Damaged or missing markings shall be repaired or replaced immediately (as required by the Engineer) and meet the requirements of the original markings [8-23.3(4)D]. Other Notes Temporary markings are classified as Temporary Pavement Markings—Short Duration or Temporary Pavement Markings—Long Duration. Long-duration paint, tape, and plastic must meet requirements of 8-22.3(3). Long-duration RPMs must meet 8-09.3. Long-duration flexible pavement markings must meet manufacturer’ recommendations [8-23.3(4)].

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 289   Table E-49. Summary of standard specifications for West Virginia. DOT West Virginia Resource Description Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges Chapter/Section (if applicable) 636 (Maintaining Traffic), 663 (Pavement Markings), 711 (Paint, Coatings, Oils, and Inks), 715 (Miscellaneous Materials) Reference West Virginia DOT 2017 URL https://transportation.wv.gov/highways/contractadmin/specifications/2017StandSpec/Documents/2017_Standard.pdf Materials Temporary reflectorized pavement marking tape or reflectorized paint and reflectorized pavement markers (636.8). Temporary pavement markings and RPMs must comply with Section 663. Materials in accordance with standard specifications as follows: Interim Pavement Markings, Type VIIA (715.40.3); Temporary Pavement Marking Tape, Types VIIB and VIIC (715.40.4); and Temporary White or Yellow Paint (711.40) (663.2). Construction Requirements Pavement markers: placed as supplementary to paint or tape and installed at 40- foot intervals. If used as alternative for solid line, markers placed at 5-foot spacing; for dashed lines, four markers placed at 3-foot intervals with 40-foot gaps (636.8). Time Considerations Temporary markings to be placed as soon as practicable after construction of detour (636.8). Interim markings must be replaced by temporary markings within 3 to 14 days (663.5.1.1.2). Method of Measurement Paint and tape measured by linear foot. Reflectorized markers by each. Pavement marking removal by linear feet of 4-inch widths of removal (636.23.8, 9, 10, and 11) Basis of Payment Unit bid price (636.24) Pavement Marking Removal Hydroblasting, sandblasting, chemicals, burning with excess oxygen, or other suitable method. Full removal (eradication) defined as at least 90% removal. Avoid damage to pavement surface or texture. Remove residue. Contractor to repair damage at engineer’s direction (636.7). Monitoring and Inspection All temporary traffic control devices shall be maintained based on weekly inspections. Temporary traffic control devices must be kept in good position, positioned correctly, and unobstructed. Contractor to designate person responsible for controlling traffic safely in work zone (636.3). Other Notes Color requirements for temporary paint shown in 711.40. Markings must be visible with headlights at night. Project engineer may require retroreflectivity readings (711.40).

290 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Table E-50. Summary of standard specifications for Wisconsin. DOT Wisconsin Resource Description Standard Specifications for Highway and Structure Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 104 (Scope of Work), 643 (Traffic Control), 646 (Pavement Marking), 649 (Temporary Pavement Markings) Reference Wisconsin DOT 2020b URL https://wisconsindot.gov/rdwy/stndspec/mob-down/20stndspec.zip Materials Liquid markings (paint or epoxy), RPMs, and tape (removable or mask-out). Materials must conform with 646.2 (649.3). Construction Requirements Construct in accordance with 646.3.1.1 (general marking) and 646.3.1.2 (long line).Paint: apply at thickness of 12 mils with glass beads applied at rate of 4 to 5 lb/gal. Epoxy: apply at thickness of 16 mils with glass beads applied at rate of 12 to 15 lb/gal (649.3). Time Considerations Apply temporary markings on same day as pavement placement or as soon as permitted by weather (649.3). Permanent marking must be placed within 7 days of completed paving (646.3.1.2). Method of Measurement Temporary striping by linear foot. Temporary words, symbols, or raised markers by each (649.5). For temporary markings, placement, maintenance, and removal are included in the pay item (649.5). Marking removal by linear foot (line marking) or each (special markings or plowable RPM) (646.5.1). Basis of Payment Unit bid price (649.5 and 646.5.1) Pavement Marking Removal Unless bid item specifies water blasting, may remove markings by air blasting, water blasting, grinding, or combination of these methods. Markings to be removed completely based on plans or at engineer’s direction. Collect, haul, and dispose of removal residue (646.3.1.4). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor must furnish, erect, and maintain any temporary traffic control devices necessary for adequate and safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians (104.6.6). Temporary traffic control devices must meet acceptable criteria in ATSSA Quality Guidelines for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Features (643.2.1). Other Notes -

Summary of DOT Specications for Temporary Pavement Markings and Pavement Marking Removal 291   Table E-51. Summary of standard specifications for Wyoming. DOT Wyoming Resource Description Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Chapter/Section (if applicable) 703 (Temporary Traffic Control) Reference Wyoming DOT 2010 URL http://www.dot.state.wy.us/files/live/sites/wydot/files/shared/Construction/2010%20Standard%20Specifications/2010%20Standard%20Specifications.pdf Materials Striping paint and glass beads (703.2.5), temporary pavement striping tape (703.2.6), TRPMs (703.2.7) Construction Requirements Paint: use commercially manufactured temporary pavement paint without diluting and apply glass beads. Tape: to be pressure-sensitive and manufactured specifically for use as temporary striping. Raised markers: to be 2 inches by 4 inches with at least 1 square inch of reflective area on each side. Use markers that can be adhered by either hot-melt bitumen, epoxy, or butyl pads (703.2.5,6, & 7). Paint application rates: 100 square feet per gallon (16 mil), 8 lb/gal for glass beads (703.4.9). Time Considerations - Method of Measurement All temporary traffic control by lump sum. Additional striping or tape not included in the contract is measured by length for payment as Category IV Traffic Control Device (TCD) Units (703.5.1). Basis of Payment Lump sum or Category IV TCD Units (703.5.1) Pavement Marking Removal Method not specified; remove or cover markings with engineer approval. Avoid damage to pavement surface. Remove or cover markings conflicting with traffic patterns expected to be in place for more than 3 days (703.4.8.3). Monitoring and Inspection Contractor to furnish, locate, maintain, and remove all construction temporary traffic control devices (703.4.1). Contractor to provide name and phone number of designated traffic control maintainer(s). Traffic control maintainer(s) to perform the necessary maintenance to keep all temporary traffic control devices in good condition (703.4.3). Other Notes -