of the National Academy of Engineering in 2018. Dr. Mayer is the chair of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

Mark R. Abbott (Vice Chair) was the 10th director and president of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Dr. Abbott was the dean of the College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University. He was an investigator in the Office of Naval Research’s (ONR’s) Coastal Transition Zone program and the Eastern Boundary Current program. He is presently funded by ONR to explore advanced computer architectures for use in undersea platforms. Dr. Abbott has also advised ONR and the National Science Foundation (NSF) on issues regarding advanced computer technology and oceanography. He was also a member of MEDEA, which advised the federal government on issues of national security and climate change. In 2006, Dr. Abbott was appointed by the president to a 6-year term on the National Science Board, which oversees NSF and provides scientific advice to the White House and to Congress. Dr. Abbott was appointed in 2008 by Oregon Governor Kulongoski as the vice chair of the Oregon Global Warming Commission, which is leading the state’s efforts in mitigation and adaptation strategies in response to climate change. In 2011, Dr. Abbott was the recipient of the Jim Gray eScience Award, presented by Microsoft Research to a nationally recognized researcher who has made outstanding contributions to data-intensive computing. He served as the president of The Oceanography Society from 2013 to 2014. He also served on the Board of Trustees for the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research and the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. Dr. Abbott holds a B.S. in conservation of natural resources from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. in ecology from the University of California, Davis. Dr. Abbott is a member of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

Carol Arnosti is a professor in the Department of Marine Sciences at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dr. Arnosti is a marine chemist who works at the intersection of chemistry, microbiology, and molecular ecology to investigate the relationships between the structure of organic matter and the rates and pathways by which it is degraded by microbial communities. She has pioneered new methods to measure the activities of the extracellular enzymes that initiate microbially driven carbon cycling; she has used these methods to develop a mechanistic understanding of the variable reactivity of marine organic matter and to reveal structure-function relationships within organic-matter processing microbial communities. Fieldwork for these studies has taken place in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans, and has resulted in large-scale oceanic transects revealing changing rates and substrate patterns in microbial organic matter utilization. Her extensive research collaborations in Germany have been facilitated by Fulbright and Hanse Fellowships. Dr. Arnosti received a B.A. in chemistry from Lawrence University and a Ph.D. in chemical oceanography from

the Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography. Dr. Arnosti is a member of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

Claudia Benitez-Nelson is the associate dean for instruction, community engagement, & research and the Carolina Distinguished Professor and Endowed Chair in Marine Studies in the College of Arts & Sciences at the University of South Carolina. As an associate dean, Dr. Benitez-Nelson has direct oversight of five departments (Biological Sciences; Mathematics; School of the Earth, Ocean & Environment; Psychology; and Statistics) that encompass more than 300 faculty and staff, 300 graduate students, and more than 2,500 undergraduate majors. Dr. Benitez-Nelson’s research focuses on the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus and carbon and how these elements are influenced by both natural and anthropogenic processes. She is a diverse scientist, with expertise ranging from radiochemistry to harmful algal bloom toxins and is highly regarded for her cross-disciplinary research. Over the past two decades, Dr. Benitez-Nelson has authored or co-authored more than 100 articles, including lead author publications in the journals Science and Nature. She has been continuously supported by substantial, multi-year research and education grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, among others. Her many research honors include the Early Career Award in Oceanography from the American Geophysical Union (AGU) and Fulbright and Marie Curie Fellowships. In 2015 she was named an American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow, and in 2017, was named an Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography Sustaining Fellow. Dr. Benitez-Nelson is also highly regarded as a teacher and mentor, having received the National Faculty of the Year Award from the National Society of Collegiate Scholars and the University of South Carolina’s Distinguished Professor of the Year Award, SEC Faculty Achievement Award, and Outstanding Faculty Advisor of the Year. In 2014, she received the Sulzman Award for Excellence in Education and Mentoring from the Biogeosciences Section of AGU. Dr. Benitez-Nelson is regularly called on by national and international scientific and policy agencies for her expertise and currently serves or has served as a member of the Advisory Committee to the Geoscience Directorate of NSF, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Science Advisory Board, and the National Academies’ Ocean Studies Board. Dr. Benitez-Nelson earned a B.S. in chemistry and oceanography from the University of Washington and a Ph.D. in oceanography from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program in 1999.

Anjali Boyd is a Duke University Ph.D. student and a Dean’s Graduate Fellow in the Nicholas School of the Environment. She received her B.S. in marine science from Eckerd College as a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hollings Scholar. Her research examines how species interactions (both intra and

inter) and physical forces interact to regulate the recovery of foundation species to environmental stressors. Boyd aspires to develop novel ecosystem-based restoration and management practices to restore foundation species worldwide. She is fiercely committed to increasing representation of women and ethnic minorities in ocean sciences and elevating the voices and contributions of student and early-career scientists. Thus far, she has served as the chair and the vice chair of the Ecological Society of America’s Student Section; an appointed member of the Ecological Society of America’s Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Justice taskforce; the treasurer/secretary of the Society of Wetland Scientists’ Student Section; and a member of the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation Broadening Participation Committee. Additionally, as the director of iNviTechnology, she works to combat the underrepresentation of women and ethnic minorities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields through educational entrepreneurial programs to engage young children ages 0–5 and K–12 students. Boyd also serves as an elected official in her hometown of Durham, North Carolina, as the Durham County Soil and Water Conservation District Supervisor.

Annie Brett is an assistant professor at the University of Florida Levin College of Law, where she teaches and writes on ocean and coastal law and the intersection of law and science. Her scholarship focuses on how scientific data are used in environmental decision-making, including data collected using emerging methods and technologies. In addition to legal venues, Dr. Brett has published in leading scientific outlets, including Nature, and presented in national and international policy forums. Prior to joining the University of Florida Levin College of Law, Dr. Brett worked on international ocean policy for the Stanford University Center for Ocean Solutions and the World Economic Forum. She is an accomplished mariner, recognized as the youngest female vessel captain to operate in the Pacific. Dr. Brett received her A.B. from Harvard University and J.D. and Ph.D. from the University of Miami.

Thomas S. Chance served as the chief executive officer (CEO) and board chairman of ASV Global, an international leader in autonomous surface vehicle technology (ASV) for 9 years. Since 2010, when Mr. Chance founded the company, ASV Global has built more than 90 unmanned vessels and integrated 30 different ocean science payload types for defense, commercial, and academic applications. Mr. Chance’s role was product strategy and development. He also founded C&C Technologies in 1992, a global leader in autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) technology where he was the CEO and the board chairman. C&C was the first company in the world to offer AUV survey services to the offshore oil industry and has since amassed almost a half million line kilometers of actively propelled AUV data collection. His other work includes maritime technology development for the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the Office of Naval Research, and hydrographic survey operations in shallow and deep waters across the globe.

With 550 employees and 10 offices worldwide, he sold C&C Technologies to Oceaneering International in early 2015. Earlier, he was the vice president of business and systems development at Fugro Chance. He was a member of the National Research Council’s Committee on National Needs for Coastal Mapping and Charting. He has given dozens of conference presentations over the past 30 years. He was the chair of the National Ocean Industries Association Technology Policy Committee. He has received numerous awards including the BP Upstream Innovation Award, the Marine Technology Corporate Excellence Award, Innov8 Acadiana Award, 1996 Entrepreneur of the Year for the Gulf Coast Region, 2006 LCG International Achievement Award, 2008 Marine Technology Reporter Seamaster of the Year Award, and 2015 Junior Achievement Business Person of the Year Award. He earned an M.S. in engineering and industrial management at Purdue University. He retired as the CEO of ASV Global in May 2019 and is now working as an independent consultant. Mr. Chance is a member of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

Daniel Costa is the director of the Institute of Marine Sciences and the Distinguished Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Dr. Costa completed a B.A. at the University of California, Los Angeles, and a Ph.D. at the University of California, Santa Cruz, followed by postdoctoral research at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. His research focuses on the ecology and physiology of marine mammals and seabirds, taking him to every continent and almost every habitat from the Galapagos to Antarctica. He has worked with a broad range of animals including turtles, penguins, albatross, seals, sea lions, sirenians, whales, and dolphins and has published more than 400 scientific papers. His current work is aimed at recording the movement and distribution patterns of marine mammals and seabirds in an effort to understand their habitat needs. This work is helping to identify biodiversity hot spots and the factors that create them. He has been developing tools to identify and create viable Marine Protected Areas for the conservation of highly migratory species. In addition, his research is studying the response of marine mammals to underwater sounds and developing ways to assess whether the potential disturbance may result in a population consequence. He has been active in graduate education having supervised 22 master’s students, 30 doctoral students, and 15 postdoctoral scholars. With Barbara Block he co-founded the Tagging of Pacific Predators program, a multidisciplinary effort to study the movement patterns of 23 species of marine vertebrate predators in the North Pacific Ocean. He is an internationally recognized authority on tracking of marine mammals and birds. He has served as a member of a number of international science steering committees including the Integrated Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics program, The Census of Marine Life, Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics, Climate Impacts on Top Predators, the Southern Ocean Observing System, and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research. Dr. Costa is a member of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

Foundation Graduate Fellow, Dr. Jenkins received her Ph.D. from Duke University in 2006 by pioneering a new field of study into the invention and adoption of marine conservation technology. Since then, she has worked as an environmental consultant for the Natural Resources Defense Council, while also actively participating in the burgeoning field of Studies in Expertise and Experience. As an American Association for the Advancement of Science Science and Technology Policy Fellow with the National Marine Fisheries Service’s Office of International Affairs, she helped implement new regulations to address bycatch and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing by foreign nations. Dr. Jenkins became a research associate at the University of Washington in 2009, where her research was supported by the David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship and the Ford Foundation Diversity Postdoctoral Fellowship. In 2011, Dr. Jenkins was hired as an assistant professor at the School of Marine and Environmental Affairs and was recently awarded the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship and inducted into the Global Young Academy. Dr. Jenkins is a member of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

Sandra Knight is a senior research engineer in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Maryland where she works with her colleagues in the development of water policy, disaster resilience, and flood risk management initiatives to support the Center for Disaster Resilience. Additionally, she is the founder and the president of WaterWonks LLC in Washington, DC. Her company was formed to capitalize on her extensive experience in federal disaster reduction, flood risk management, and marine transportation policies and programs, having spent more than 30 years administering these and other policies at three federal agencies. Dr. Knight finished her federal career in October 2012 as the Deputy Associate Administrator for Mitigation, Federal Emergency Management Agency, responsible for the nation’s floodplain mapping, management and mitigation grants supporting the National Flood Insurance Program, environmental compliance for the agency, and oversight of the National Dam Safety Program. At the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2007–2009, she was responsible for the development of policies and strategies to ensure scientific excellence and improved performance of NOAA’s research portfolio. Prior to that, she spent 26 years with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Her last position with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was as the technical director for navigation research. She is a registered professional engineer in Tennessee, a Diplomate Water Resource Engineer, and a Diplomate Navigation Engineer. She is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Meteorological Society, the Society of Women Engineers, Sigma Xi, and a fellow for PIANC. Dr. Knight received a B.S. from Memphis State University, and an M.S. from Mississippi State University. Dr. Knight holds a Ph.D. from University of Memphis. All degrees were in civil engineering.

sustainable development, science, society, and policy. She has established and led science and research initiatives across the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) and around the world. Professor McGlade is known for her research on data and informatics and the use of earth observation, and assessments on biodiversity, climate change, natural capital accounting and ecosystems, oceans, social dynamics and Indigenous knowledge, and sustainable development. She is an author of more than 200 publications, including as the lead author and the editor-in-chief of more than 45 major EU and UN publications and research reports. She has been awarded a number of prizes and awards for her research. Professor McGlade completed her B.Sc. in marine biology, biochemistry, and soil science at Bangor University, United Kingdom, in 1977. She obtained her Ph.D. in 1980 on aquatic sciences and zoology from the University of Guelph in Canada. From 1987 to 1989, she was the Adrien Fellow at Darwin College and obtained an M.A. from the University of Cambridge. She holds honorary degrees from the University of Bangor, Keele and Kent.

Thomas J. Miller is a professor of fisheries and population dynamics and the director of the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Dr. Miller’s research interests include recruitment and population dynamics of aquatic animals, fish early life history, and blue crabs. His relevant National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine service includes membership on the Committee on Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta, the Panel to Review California Draft Bay Delta Conservation Plan, and the Committee on the Review of the Marine Recreational Fisheries Information Program. He is also currently serving as a member of the National Academies’ Research Associateship Program’s Panel on Life Sciences. Dr. Miller received his B.Sc. in human and environmental biology at the University of York, United Kingdom. He later received his M.S. at North Carolina State University in ecology, and his Ph.D. in zoology, also from North Carolina State University. He undertook postdoctoral training at McGill University. Dr. Miller is a member of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

S. Bradley Moran is the dean of the College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences and a professor of oceanography at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Prior to his appointment as the dean, he served as the acting director of the Obama administration’s National Ocean Council, the assistant director for Ocean Sciences in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the program director in the Chemical Oceanography Program at the National Science Foundation. He focused on implementing federal ocean science policy and facilitating interagency efforts and partnerships on a broad range of ocean policy, resource, economic, and national security matters. Dr. Moran’s principal research interests include applying uranium-series and artificial radionuclides as tracers

of marine geochemical processes, and fostering economic development partnerships in energy and environmental research, technology, policy, and education. In 2007, he envisioned and implemented the nation’s first Masters of Business Administration-Masters of Oceanography dual degree, the “Blue MBA.” He is currently an editor for the Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans and an editorial board member of the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering and the Journal of Marine Research. Dr. Moran is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Consortium for Ocean Leadership, the Board of Directors of the Alaska Ocean Observing System, the Board of Directors of the North Pacific Research Board, and the Board of the Alaska Sea Life Center. Dr. Moran earned a B.Sc. in chemistry from Concordia University and a Ph.D. in oceanography from Dalhousie University, and he conducted postdoctoral research at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Dr. Moran is a member of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

Ruth M. Perry is a marine scientist and a regulatory policy specialist responsible for offshore marine environmental regulations and policy for the Shell Exploration and Production Company. She integrates marine science and ocean technology into regulatory policy advocacy and decision-making in the areas of marine sound, marine spatial planning, ocean observing, and marine mammal and life science, primarily in the Gulf of Mexico. Dr. Perry is also responsible for helping Shell to develop public–private science collaborations, such as real-time monitoring programs with autonomous technology, to improve industry’s knowledge of the offshore marine environment. Dr. Perry has more than 10 years of ocean technology research and system implementation, field experience, and ocean policy analysis, including research cruises to monitor coastal hypoxia and the offshore physical environment, deploying and operating ocean observing systems, and marine mammal observing in the Gulf of Mexico, Ecuador, and the Galapagos Islands. She is a member of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Ocean Studies Board and Gulf Research Program Loop Current Committee, a Board Member of Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System, and on the Science Advisory Board for Texas OneGulf RESTORE Center of Excellence. She was recently awarded the Marine Technology Society’s Young Professional Award for 2017. She earned a doctorate in oceanography from Texas A&M University in 2013.

James Sanchirico is a professor of natural resource economics in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy and an associate director of the Coastal and Marine Science Institute at the University of California, Davis (UC Davis). His main research interests are the economic analysis of policy design, implementation, and evaluation for marine and terrestrial species conservation, and the development of economic-ecological models for forecasting the effects of resource

management policies. He received the Rosenstiel Award for Oceanographic Sciences in 2012, which honors scientists who, in the past decade, have made significant and growing impacts in their field; the UC Davis Distinguished Scholarly Public Service Award in 2014; and the 2010 and 2000 Quality of Research Discovery Award from the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. He is currently the co-editor at the Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists and the principal investigator on the National Science Foundation–funded Sustainable Oceans National Research Training program at UC Davis. He served on the Lenfest Fishery Ecosystem Task Force; a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine committee evaluating the effectiveness of stock rebuilding plans of the 2006 Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization; a National Academies committee to review the U.S. Ocean Acidification Research Plan; a National Academies committee to review the Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology Research Priorities Plan; and 6 years on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Science Advisory Board (including service on the Ecosystem Science and Management Working Group and Social Science Working Group). Dr. Sanchirico received a B.A. in economics and mathematics from Boston University and a Ph.D. in agricultural and resource economics from UC Davis. He is a member of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

Mark J. Spalding is the president of The Ocean Foundation and an authority on international ocean policy and law. He is the former director of the Environmental Law and Civil Society Program, and the editor of the Journal of Environment and Development at the Graduate School of International Relations & Pacific Studies (IR/PS), University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Mr. Spalding has also taught at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD’s Muir College, UC Berkeley’s Goldman School of Public Policy, and UCSD’s School of Law. He was a research fellow at UCSD’s Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, a Sustainability Institute—Donella Meadows Leadership Fellow, and a SeaWeb Senior Fellow. He is the chair emeritus of the National Board of Directors of the Surfrider Foundation, and was the chair of the environmental law section of the California State Bar Association. He holds a B.A. in history with Honors from Claremont McKenna College, a J.D. from Loyola Law School, and a master’s degree in Pacific international affairs from IR/PS. Mr. Spalding is a member of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

Lynne D. Talley is a professor of oceanography at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Talley’s expertise and research interests include general ocean circulation, hydrography, theory of wind-driven circulation, and ocean modeling. She is the co-principal investigator for the U.S. GO-SHIP program; GO-SHIP is an international repeated decadal

survey of the deep ocean’s physical and chemical properties. She is the head of the observational team in the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling program that is deploying a network of biogeochemical Argo profiling floats throughout the Southern Ocean. She was a lead author on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4th and 5th Assessment Reports chapter on Ocean Observations, and on the 5th Assessment Report’s Technical Summary and Summary for Policymakers. Dr. Talley has an extensive National Research Council committee background, having served previously on the Climate Research Committee; Global-Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Panel; Panel to Review the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center; and committees on Abrupt Climate Change, Climate Change Feedbacks, and Future Science Opportunities in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. She is a member of the CLIVAR Southern Ocean Region Panel and the U.S. CLIVAR Southern Ocean Working Group. Dr. Talley was a National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator in 1987. Dr. Talley received her Ph.D. in physical oceanography from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program in Oceanography. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the American Geophysical Union, the American Meteorological Society, and the Oceanography Society.

Robert (Bob) S. Winokur has more than 55 years of experience in marine science and satellite remote sensing and retired as a long-time senior executive after 47 years of federal service. As a senior executive in the federal government and private sector his positions included Deputy Oceanographer of the Navy and Deputy/Technical Director for Oceanography, Space and Maritime Domain Awareness, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations; acting Oceanographer of the Navy; Assistant Administrator for Satellite and Information Services and Acting Director, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); senior executive positions in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy and the Office of Naval Research; president, Earth Satellite Corporation; and vice president, Consortium for Oceanographic Research and Education. His technical experience focused on undersea warfare, ocean policy, and satellite remote sensing. He is currently a senior advisor for the Michigan Tech Research Institute and NOAA Satellite Service, consulting on ocean and space policy and programs. Mr. Winokur has a bachelor’s degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a master’s degree from American University. He has served on numerous government advisory boards and national and international committees on undersea technology, remote sensing, environmental satellite systems, ocean policy, and oceanographic ship management and planning. He is a fellow of the Marine Technology Society, the Acoustical Society of America, and the American Meteorological Society and serves as a member of the Ocean Studies Board at the National Academies.

This page intentionally left blank.