Aviation After a Year of Pandemic
Economics, People, and Technology

PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP

Robert Pool, Rapporteur

Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board

Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
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This activity is based on work supported by Contract NNH16CD01B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any agency or organization that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-09358-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-09358-9
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/26375

Cover design by Tim Warchocki.

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Aviation After a Year of Pandemic: Economics, People, and Technology: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26375.

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AVIATION AFTER A YEAR OF PANDEMIC—ECONOMICS, PEOPLE, AND TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOP PLANNING COMMITTEE

JOHN-PAUL B. CLARKE, University of Texas, Austin, Chair

EDWARD F. CRAWLEY, NAE,¹ Massachusetts Institute of Technology

VICKI S. HERTZBERG, Emory University

PARIMAL KOPARDEKAR, NASA Ames Research Center

ILAN KROO, NAE, Stanford University

ANDREW R. LACHER, Noblis

VALERIE M. MANNING, Airbus SAS

Staff

ALAN ANGLEMAN, Deputy Director, Space Studies Board and Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, Study Director

SARA CRANDALL, Associate Program Associate, Space Studies Board, Assistant Study Director

MARGUERITE SCHNEIDER, Administrative Coordinator, Air Force Studies Board

COLLEEN N. HARTMAN, Director, Space Studies Board, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, and Board on Physics and Astronomy

___________________

¹ Member, National Academy of Engineering.

AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ENGINEERING BOARD

ILAN KROO, NAE,¹ Stanford University, Chair

BRIAN M. ARGROW, University of Colorado, Boulder

ROBERT D. BRAUN, NAE, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

EDWARD F. CRAWLEY, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

WILLIAM R. GRAY III, U.S. Air Force

SUSAN J. HELMS, NAE, Orbital Visions, LLC

JOHN C. KARAS, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company

ANDREW R. LACHER, Noblis

NICHOLAS D. LAPPOS, Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company

GEORGE T. LIGLER, NAE, GTL Associates

LESTER L. LYLES, NAE, Independent Consultant

VALERIE MANNING, Airbus SAS

PARVIZ MOIN, NAE/NAS,² Stanford University

DARRYLL J. PINES, NAE, University of Maryland

ROBIE I. SAMANTA ROY, Electra.aero

WANDA A. SIGUR, NAE, Independent Consultant

DAVID W. THOMPSON, NAE, Orbital ATK, Inc. (retired)

ANTHONY M. WAAS, University of Michigan

MICHAEL I. YARYMOVYCH, NAE, Sarasota Space Associates (retired)

SHERRIE L. ZACHARIUS, Aerospace Corporation (retired)

Staff

COLLEEN N. HARTMAN, Director

ALAN ANGLEMAN, Deputy Director

DWAYNE DAY, Senior Program Officer

MARGARET A. KNEMEYER, Financial Officer

RADAKA LIGHTFOOT, Senior Financial Associate

DANIEL NAGASAWA, Program Officer

CELESTE A. NAYLOR, Information Management Associate

TANJA PILZAK, Manager, Program Operations

ANDREA REBHOLZ, Program Coordinator

___________________

¹ Member, National Academy of Engineering.

² Member, National Academy of Sciences.

Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings, nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by David (Ed) Crow, NAE,¹ University of Connecticut. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies.

___________________

¹ Member, National Academy of Engineering.

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Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

2 OVERVIEW: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

3 POLICY AND PROCEDURES

4 AIRCRAFT DESIGN AND FLIGHT OPERATIONS, PERSONNEL, AND PERFORMANCE

5 OPERATIONS AND PERFORMANCE: AIRPORTS, GROUND TRANSPORTATION, AND AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

6 AVIATION ECONOMICS

7 CRITICALLY NEEDED CAPABILITIES, RESEARCH, AND NEXT STEPS

APPENDIXES

A Statement of Task

B Workshop Agenda

C Acronyms

D Planning Committee and Staff Biographical Information

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