Appendix A
Committee Member Biographies
Charles A. Menzie (Chair) is a principal at Exponent. He was the global executive director for the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry from 2014 to 2020. He specializes in the application of ecological and human health risk assessment and causal analysis methods for evaluating the potential for effects and for diagnosing the causes of environmental harms and damages. His technical expertise includes the evaluation of the environmental fate and effects of physical, biological, and chemical stressors on terrestrial and aquatic systems. He has applied his expertise to situations involving nutrient enrichment, chemical contamination, use of pesticides and other chemical products, oil and gas operations, fossil fuel and nuclear power plants, alternative energy projects, mining, invasive species, water management, and vulnerability assessments for climate change. As part of his risk assessment practice, he has developed exposure and food web models to evaluate how people and ecological receptors may be exposed to a variety of chemicals. These include several spatially explicit models used to refine exposure estimates. He previously served on the National Academies’ Committee on the Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments. Dr. Menzie has a B.S. in biology from Manhattan College and an M.A. and a Ph.D. in biology from the City University of New York.
Mark R. Cullen (Vice-Chair) retired as the director of the Center for Population Health Sciences at Stanford University, whose mission is to improve individual and population health by bringing together diverse disciplines and data to understand and address social, environmental, behavioral, and biological factors as they relate to health and disease. As a professor of Medicine, Biomedical Data Science, and Health Research and Policy with Stanford, Dr. Cullen’s major research ambition was sorting out the relative contributions of and interactions among the social, environmental, behavioral, and biomedical determinants of morbidity and mortality in adults, with special emphasis on the contributions of workplace social and physical environment. Prior to his recruitment to Stanford as the chief of the Division of General Medical Disciplines in May 2009, he was a professor of Medicine and Public Health and the director of the Occupational and Environmental Medicine at the Yale University School of Medicine. He received his B.A. from Harvard College in 1971 and his M.D. from the Yale University School of Medicine in 1976. Dr. Cullen has published extensively in numerous medical and scientific journals and co-edited the Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1st and 2nd editions. He was elected a Henry J. Kaiser Family Faculty Scholar in General Internal Medicine in 1983, and he was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 1997.
Scott Belanger retired as a research fellow from the Global Product Stewardship Global Capability Organization (Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability) of Procter & Gamble, where he was in charge of aquatic toxicology research and led its overall environmental toxicology function. He was the Chair of the Corporate Function Safety Innovation Research Programs for both human and environmental safety. His research involves the response of aquatic organisms to single compounds and complex mixtures, including classical ecotoxicological endpoints, bioaccumulation, and critical body burdens of test compounds. He is the founder and the former chair of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Project Committee on Animal Alternative Needs in Environmental Risk Assessment, a consortium of approximately 100 academic, industry, regulatory, and nongovernmental organization scientists, and presently serves as a member of the HESI Board of Trustees, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Dr. Belanger is a member of several ongoing Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) working groups, including the OECD Fish Framework, the OECD ad hoc Expert Group on the Fish Embryo Test, and the Acute Fish Toxicity Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment working group. He was appointed as the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Science Fellow in 2017. Dr. Belanger continues to work with regulatory agencies, academic units, and the private sector in environmental risk assessment matters, including weight of evidence formulation, extrapolation of laboratory findings to the field, and use and interpretation of higher tier forms of environmental scientific impact evidence. Dr. Belanger received a B.S. in zoology from the University of Wisconsin, an M.S. in biological sciences from Bowling Green State University, and a Ph.D. in zoology and aquatic ecotoxicology from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Kevin Cassel is an assistant professor and researcher in the Population Sciences in the Pacific Program at the University of Hawaii Cancer Center (UHCC), University of Hawaii at Manoa. He received his M.P.H. (epidemiology) from the University of Hawaii in 2005 and his doctorate in public health (translational research) from the University of Hawaii in 2011. Dr. Cassel began his cancer prevention and control career in 1993 as the education coordinator for the National Cancer Institute’s Cancer Information Service at the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia. He has more than 25 years of experience educating cancer patients, the public, and health care providers on effective cancer prevention and control strategies. He served for three years as the University of Hawaii Cancer Center’s education coordinator. In this role, he worked across the U.S. Associated Pacific to translate the best cancer control science into health care policies before becoming a faculty member in 2013. Dr. Cassel has provided testimony to the Hawaii legislature and co-authored an op-ed regarding the ban of sale of certain sunscreen ingredients in Hawaii. As a faculty member of UHCC, Dr. Cassel’s research agenda focuses on adapting, implementing, and disseminating effective cancer control interventions using community-based participatory research methods. His study topics include improving clinical trial participation and implementing skin cancer prevention interventions with adolescents and young adults. He is currently a site principal investigator for the Indigenous Samoan Program to Initiate Research Excellence funded by the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities. This project will establish the capacity and resources essential to conduct scientific research in American Samoa. He also is the scientific lead for the No Ke Ola Pono o Nā Kāne Project, funded by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Hawaii. This project intends to increase colorectal cancer screening in Native Hawaiian men using traditional Hawaiian customs.
Dirk Elston is a professor and the chair of the Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery at the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston. He has more than 30 years of experience in health care delivery, including more than two decades of involvement in health policy, quality, models of care, and medical coding. He has testified before the U.S. Congress on physician reimbursement and has worked on behalf of the American Medical Association and the Institute of Medicine on issues of quality, patient access, and reimbursement, including creating criteria for grant adjudication. Dr. Elston is the editor of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, and has served as the president of both the American Academy of Dermatology and the American Society of Dermatopathology. He is an honorary professor at China Medical University in Shenyang, China, and a guest professor at the Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University in Changsha, China, and an honorary member of the German Dermatological Society. Dr. Elston is a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, did his dermatology residency at Walter Reed Medical Center, and did a dermatopathology fellowship at the Cleveland
Clinic. He is the author of more than 540 peer-reviewed publications and 75 textbook chapters. He is the associate editor-in-chief of eMedicine Dermatology, is one of lead authors of Andrews Diseases of the Skin, and is the editor-in-chief of the Requisites in Dermatology series of textbooks.
Karen Glanz is the George A. Weiss University Professor of Epidemiology in the Perelman School of Medicine, a professor of nursing in the School of Nursing, and the director of the University of Pennsylvania Prevention Research Center at the University of Pennsylvania. She is a senior fellow of the Leonard Davis Institute on Health Economics, the Center for Public Health Initiatives, and the Penn Institute for Urban Research, and a distinguished fellow of the Annenberg Public Policy Center. Dr. Glanz is a globally influential public health scholar whose research focuses on cancer prevention and control, theories of health behavior, obesity and the built environment, social and health policy, and new health communication technologies. Dr. Glanz has conducted descriptive, observational, methodological, intervention, and dissemination research in skin cancer prevention since 1993. She has worked on analyses of national surveys of UV exposure and sun protection; developed, analyzed, and validated measures and methods of skin cancer prevention research; and led evidence reviews for skin cancer prevention. Dr. Glanz has co-authored an op-ed and provided media interviews regarding the ban of sale of certain sunscreen ingredients in Hawaii. Her scholarly contributions consist of more than 500 journal articles and book chapters. She is a member of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Advisory Council and served on the U.S. Task Force on Community Preventive Services for 10 years. She was previously at Emory University (2004–2009), the University of Hawaii (1993–2004), and Temple University (1979–1993). Dr. Glanz has been recognized with local and national awards for her work, including being elected to membership in the National Academy of Medicine in 2013. She is a fellow of the Society for Behavioral Medicine and received the Elizabeth Fries Health Education Award.
Christopher P. Higgins is an environmental chemist at the Colorado School of Mines (Mines). Dr. Higgins received his A.B. in chemistry from Harvard University and graduate degrees (M.S., Ph.D.) in civil and environmental engineering from Stanford University. He joined Mines in 2009, attaining the title of Professor in 2019. His research focuses on the movement and bioaccumulation of contaminants in the environment. In particular, he studies chemical fate and transport in natural and engineered systems, with a focus on poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). He has also studied the behavior of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and engineered nanoparticles in the environment. Dr. Higgins has authored or co-authored approximately 100 peer-reviewed publications and was a recipient of the 2019 Huber Prize for his research contributions by the American Society of Civil Engineers. Dr. Higgins was a panelist for the 2019 National Academies’ Environmental Health Matters Initiative PFAS Workshop on Understanding, Controlling, and Preventing Exposure to PFAS.
Rebecca D. Klaper is a professor and the director of the Great Lakes Genomics Center at the School of Freshwater Sciences at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Dr. Klaper’s goal is to do basic and applied research to inform policy decisions involving freshwater resources. Dr. Klaper studies the potential impact of emerging contaminants, such as nanoparticles and pharmaceuticals on aquatic life and how we may design these chemicals to have the least environmental impact. In addition, she examines the transport of these chemicals through the wastewater treatment systems and into the environment and how different treatment technologies may remove them from the waste stream. Her research also links the impact of these chemicals on the health of aquatic species to that of human health. Dr. Klaper received an American Association for the Advancement of Science-Science and Technology Policy Fellowship, where she worked in the National Center for Environmental Assessment at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. She has served as an invited scientific expert to both the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative and the international Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development panel on nanotechnology, where she has testified on the potential impact of nanoparticles on the environment and the utility of current testing strategies. She has also served as a technical expert to the Alliance for the Great Lakes and the International Joint Commission regarding the potential impacts of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and other emerging contaminants on the Great Lakes. Dr. Klaper is the associate editor of the Royal Society of
Chemistry journal Environmental Science: Nano. She has served on the National Research Council’s Panel to Develop a Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials. Dr. Klaper received her Ph.D. in ecology from the Institute of Ecology at the University of Georgia.
Carys L. Mitchelmore is a professor at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science’s Chesapeake Biological Laboratory in Solomons, Maryland. Her expertise is in environmental health and aquatic toxicology, and her research emphasis is on understanding the exposure to, fate, and effects of pollutants in resident organisms, particularly corals. Her research is directed toward the detection of chemical contaminants in various environmental matrices and understanding their routes of exposure, uptake and bioaccumulation, metabolism, mechanisms of toxicity, and implications to organism and ecosystem health. Applied research includes toxicity testing for application to risk assessment, regulation, and management activities and providing solutions to applied environmental problems, such as, invasive species control. Recent investigations have focused on the chemical partitioning, fate, and effects of organic UV filters, crude oils, oil spill dispersants, and organic disinfection byproducts in numerous invertebrate and vertebrate species, but especially sensitive and/or understudied species like corals and reptiles. Dr. Mitchelmore has received funding and travel support from the Personal Care Products Council for her research and testimony on UV filter effects on corals. She provided testimony to the Hawaii legislature regarding the ban of sale of certain sunscreen ingredients in Hawaii. Dr. Mitchelmore has served on two previous National Academies studies: the Committee on the Effects of Diluted Bitumen on the Environment (2016) and the Committee on Understanding Oil Spill Dispersants (2005). She was also a review coordinator for the study from the Committee on the Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response (2020). She currently serves on the National Academies’ Committee on Oil in the Sea IV: Input, Fates and Effects. Dr. Mitchelmore received her Ph.D. from the University of Birmingham (United Kingdom) in 1997 investigating the metabolism and effects of organic contaminants to aquatic organisms.
Robert H. Richmond is the director and a research professor at the Kewalo Marine Laboratory at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He received his doctorate in 1983 from the State University of New York at Stony Brook with a concentration in biological sciences. His research interests are focused on coral reef ecosystems, with studies including coral reproductive biology, ecotoxicology, coral reef ecology, and the impacts of climate change. In 2006, he was awarded a Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation, during which he developed molecular biomarkers of stress in corals as a tool for coral reef conservation. In 2014, he received an award from the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force in recognition of advancing scientific research, mentoring, and service. He was awarded grants from the Hawaii State Department of Health, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to develop biomarkers of toxicant exposure in corals in Hawaii. Dr. Richmond has provided testimony to the Hawaii legislature regarding the ban of sale of certain sunscreen ingredients in Hawaii. Dr. Richmond is currently a member of the Palau International Coral Reef Center’s board of directors, and was a member of the Climate Change and Coral Reefs working group at the Center for Ocean Solutions. He is a past president of the International Coral Reef Society and served as the convener for the 13th International Coral Reef Symposium held in Hawaii in 2016. He previously served on the National Academies’ Committee on Interventions to Increase the Resilience of Coral Reefs.
Emma J. Rosi is a senior scientist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. Previously, Dr. Rosi was an assistant professor at Loyola University of Chicago. Dr. Rosi conducts research on factors that control and influence ecosystem function in aquatic ecosystems. Her research focuses on human modifications to freshwater ecosystems such as land use change and restoration, widespread agriculture, urbanization, the release of novel contaminants, and hydrologic modifications associated with large dams. Her research spans ecosystems from small streams to large rivers and has been conducted throughout the world, and includes biogeochemistry, secondary production, food webs, carbon cycling, and the effects of emerging contaminants on ecosystem processes. She is the director of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-term Ecological Research Site. Currently she conducts research investigating how microplastics and pharmaceuticals affect stream ecology and food webs. She has served as an advisor to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through service on committees of the Science Advisory Board, on the board of Freshwater Biology, as an associate editor for Ecosystems, and as a reviewer for proposals submitted to the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture as well as for numerous scientific journals. She holds a Ph.D. and an M.S. from the University of Georgia and a B.S. from the University of Michigan.
Kanade Shinkai is a professor of dermatology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). She specializes in medical dermatology and has authored more than 100 papers on cutaneous disease, including cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease. She is the lead author of the drug eruptions chapter in Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. Dr. Kanade has served as the editor-in-chief of JAMA Dermatology since July 2018. In this role she has evaluated numerous papers on worldwide trends in keratinocyte carcinoma and melanoma incidence, the role of UV exposure in the pathogenesis of keratinocyte carcinomas and melanomas, and also on systemic absorption of sunscreen. She co-authored two editorials in JAMA on systemic absorption of sunscreen in 2019 and 2020. Within the specialty of dermatology, Dr. Shinkai has served in several additional leadership roles, including as a member of the American Academy of Dermatology regulatory committee (a group that has focused on sunscreen safety), the Medical Dermatology Society, and the Association of Professors of Dermatology. She is passionate about medical education and has completed a year of pedagogy training at UCSF. She has served several educational leadership roles in the UCSF School of Medicine, and has recently served as the residency Program Director at UCSF; she now serves as the vice chair of education for the department. Dr. Shinkai completed a Ph.D. at UCSF in the biochemistry and molecular biology program, studying innate immunity. She received an M.D. at UCSF and completed her internship in internal medicine and dermatology training at UCSF.
Paul Westerhoff is a Regents Professor in the School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment in the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering and a member of the civil, environmental, and sustainable engineering faculty at Arizona State University (ASU). Professor Westerhoff joined ASU in August 1995 and was promoted to full professor as a University Exemplar in 2007. He served as the department chair in civil and environmental engineering and was the founding director for the School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment. Professor Westerhoff has garnered wide recognition for his work related to treatment and occurrence of emerging contaminants in water, including the nanoparticles ZnO and TiO2 that compose mineral suncreen UV filters. He has led research investigating the fate of nanomaterials in water; use of nanomaterial-based technologies for water and reuse treatment, reactions, and fate of oxo-anions (bromate, nitrate, arsenate) during water treatment; characterization, treatment, and oxidation of natural organic matter in watersheds; formation of disinfection by-products; and removal of taste and odor micropollutants. He has more than 260 peer-reviewed journal article publications. He belongs to American Society of Civil Engineers, American Water Works Association, AEESP, American Chemical Society, International Ozone Association, International Water Association, Arizona Water Pollution Control Association, and International Humic Substances Society and serves on numerous voluntary committees for these organizations. He currently is the co-chair of the U.S.-European Exposure Community of Researchers. He is currently the deputy director of the National Science Foundation–funded Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Enabled Water Treatment. In 2018–2019 he was a member of the ad hoc review committee to conduct a quadrennial review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, contributing to the 2020 National Academies report A Quadrennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative: Nanoscience, Applications, and Commercialization.
Cheryl M. Woodley has served as a research scientist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science in Charleston, South Carolina, for the past 30 years. With expertise in biochemistry, cellular biology, and pathobiology, she leads a multidisciplinary research team focused on understanding the effects of physical, chemical, and/or biological risk factors affecting conservation and management of vulnerable shallow-water coral species. Specific areas of interest include coral reproduction, disease pathologies and treatment, ecotoxicology, and diagnostic assay development. Dr. Woodley also holds an adjunct graduate faculty position at the College of Charleston and serves as the coordinator for the
Coral Disease and Health Consortium, a working group of the U.S. Coral Reef Taskforce. She is the co-editor of a comprehensive reference book (Diseases of Coral) and has co-authored more than 65 publications, two of which concern the toxicological effects of UV filters (benzophenone-2 and oxybenzone) on coral. Upon request and in her personal capacity, Dr. Woodley has provided expert opinions to several city, state, and federal legislators on the impacts of UV filters on coral health. Dr. Woodley completed her doctorate in the Molecular, Cellular, and Pathobiology program at the Medical University of South Carolina, studying serine proteases in the kallikrein-kinin system, and received specialized training in virology at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.
