Page 201 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

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Appendix B

UV Filter Usage

Page 202 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

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TABLE B.1 UV Filter Usage Information Gathered from Publicly Available Regulatory European and U.S. Databases

UV Filter	European Chemicals Agency		U.S. EPA 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)		U.S. FDA	Euromonitor 2019ⁱ Milligrams per Capita per Day (mg/c/d)
UV Filter	Tonnage^a	Uses	Tonnage	CDR Product Category (Number of Entries per Category)^b	VCRP^c	Total (mg/c/d)	Personal Care Product Category (mg/c/d) (Sun Care % of Total)
Avobenzone	≥ 1000 to < 10000	Cosmetics	No data		4,018^d	8.2	Sun care (5.8) (70%)
		Personal care products			3,995^e		Other products (2.4)
		Perfume, fragrances			4,535^f
		Processing aid: Indoor and outdoor use			5,096^g
		Indoor use in closed systems (e.g., cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters)			2,801^h
Meradimate	No data		80.8	No use specified (1 entry)	6^d,e 5^f,g,h	No data
Cinoxate	No data		No data			No data
Homosalate	≥ 1,000 to < 10,000	Cosmetics	3,410.4	Personal care products (2 entries)	65^d	27.2	Sun care (24.6) (90%)
		Personal care products			68^e		Other products (2.65)
		Processing aid: Indoor and outdoor use (health services and industrial sites)			80^f
					83^g
					47^h

Page 203 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

×

Octisalate	≥ 1,000 to < 10,000	Cosmetics	35.8	Personal care products (1 entry)	3,470^d	11.6	Sun care (9.2) (84%)
		Personal care products			3,474^e		Other products (2.47)
		Perfumes and fragrances			3,974^f
		Manufacture of chemicals and furniture			4,474^g
		Welding and soldering products			2,536^h
		Processing aid: Indoor and outdoor use
Ensulizole	≥ 100 to < 1,000	Cosmetics	No data		41^d	0.6	Sun care (0.10) (17%)
		Personal care products			42^e		Other products (0.52)
		Processing aid: Indoor and outdoor use			45^f
					49^g
					29^h
Trolamine salicylate	No data		No data		5^d,e,f,g,h	No data

Page 204 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

×

UV Filter	European Chemicals Agency		U.S. EPA 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)		U.S. FDA	Euromonitor 2019ⁱ Milligrams per Capita per Day (mg/c/d)
UV Filter	Tonnage^a	Uses	Tonnage	CDR Product Category (Number of Entries per Category)^b	VCRP^c	Total (mg/c/d)	Personal Care Product Category (mg/c/d) (Sun Care % of Total)
Octinoxate	≥ 1,000 to < 10,000	Washing and cleaning products	79.4	No use specified (2 entries, 1 CBI)	5,793^d	8.6	Sun care (3.1) (36%)
		Polishes and waxes			5,718^e		Other products (5.51)
		Laboratory chemicals	84.2	Personal care products, Symrise	6,366^f
		Perfumes and fragrances			7,025^g
		Air care products			3,559^h
		Pharmaceuticals
		Photochemicals
		Cosmetics
		Automotive care products
		Personal care products
		Paints and coatings
		Biocides (e.g., disinfectants, pest control products)
		Long-life materials: Outdoor use (metal, wooden, and plastic construction and building materials)
		Long-life materials: Indoor use (paper tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper, plastic food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones)
		Processing aid: Outdoor use

Page 205 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

×

Aminobenzoic-cid	≥ 1 to < 10	Personal care products	0	No use specified (1 entry)	18^d	No data
		Manufacture of chemicals			10^e,f,g
					7^h
Octocrylene	> 1,000 to < 10,000	Cosmetics	259.4	Personal care products (2 entries)	136^d	11.4	Sun care (9.4) (82%)
		Personal care products			142^e		Other products (2.05)
		Perfumes and fragrances	CBI	No use specified (2 entries, 2 CBI)	156^f
		Washing and cleaning products			166^g
		Automotive care products			90^h
		Paints and coating or adhesives
		Air fresheners
		Long-life materials: outdoor use (metal, wooden, and plastic construction/building materials)
		Long-life materials: indoor use (flooring, furniture, construction materials, curtains, footwear, leather products, electronic equipment, plastic food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones, paper \tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper, cardboard products).

Page 206 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

×

UV Filter	European Chemicals Agency		U.S. EPA 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)		U.S. FDA	Euromonitor 2019ⁱ Milligrams per Capita per Day (mg/c/d)
UV Filter	Tonnage^a	Uses	Tonnage	CDR Product Category (Number of Entries per Category)^b	VCRP^c	Total (mg/c/d)	Personal Care Product Category (mg/c/d) (Sun Care % of Total)
Dioxybenzone	≥ 1 to < 10	Long-life materials: Outdoor use (metal, wooden, and plastic construction materials)	23.5	Adhesives and sealants	2^d,e,f,g,h	See benzophenones
			23.5	Automotive care products	2^d,e,f,g,h	See benzophenones
		Long-life materials: Indoor use (flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, footwear, leather products, paper and cardboard products).
		Vehicles
		Polymers
		Plastic products

Page 207 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

×

Oxybenzone	≥ 100 to < 1,000	Cosmetics	142	No use specified (2 entries, 1 is listed as zero)	1,020^d	See benzophenones
		Personal care products	9.1	Not known or reasonable ascertainable (1 entry)	928^e
		Coating products	9.1	Not known or reasonable ascertainable (1 entry)	925^f
		Fillers	68.1	Air care products (4 entries)	989^g
		Putties	68.1	Air care products (4 entries)	376^h
		Plasters
		Modeling clay
		Finger paints
		Washing and cleaning products
		Automotive care products
		Paints and coating or adhesives
		Fragrances and air fresheners
		Processing aid: Outdoor use
		Vehicles (e.g., tires, planes, cars, boats, vans, metro)
		Long-life materials: Outdoor use (metal, wooden, and plastic construction/building materials)
		Long-life materials: Indoor use (flooring, furniture, insulation construction materials, curtains, toys, footwear, leather products, paper and cardboard, electronic equipment, plastic food packaging and storage, mobile phones, and materials based on stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g., pots, pans))

Page 208 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

×

UV Filter	European Chemicals Agency		U.S. EPA 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)		U.S. FDA	Euromonitor 2019ⁱ Milligrams per Capita per Day (mg/c/d)
UV Filter	Tonnage^a	Uses	Tonnage	CDR Product Category (Number of Entries per Category)^b	VCRP^c	Total (mg/c/d)	Personal Care Product Category (mg/c/d) (Sun Care % of Total)
Sulisobenzone	≥ 100 to < 1,000	Cosmetics	41	No specified use (2 entries, 1 CBI)	1,800^d	See benzophenones
		Personal care products			1,746^e
		Washing and cleaning products			2,015^f
		Leather treatment products			2,259^g
		Air care products			1,226^h
		Automotive care products
		Paints and coating or adhesives
		Fragrances and air fresheners
		Processing aid: outdoors
		Pharmaceuticals
		Polishes and waxes
		Long-life materials: Outdoor use (tires, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads; metal, wooden, and plastic construction/building materials)
		Long-life materials: Indoor use (flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, footwear, leather products, paper and cardboard, electronic equipment, personal hygiene products, fabrics and textile, plastic food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones)

Page 209 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

×

Zinc oxide	≥ 100,000 to < 1,000,000	Fillers	62,613	No specified use (38 total entries, 15 are CBI, 7 listed as zero)^f	851^d	7.1	Sun care (2.5) (35%)
		Putties	62,613		806^e		Other products (4.58)
		Plasters	49,984	Adhesives and sealants (2 entries total)	821^f
		Modeling clay	49,984	Adhesives and sealants (2 entries total)	856^g
		Coating products	44,076	Agricultural products, non-pesticidal (13 entries, 3 CBI)	505^h
		Metal treatment products	44,076	Agricultural products, non-pesticidal (13 entries, 3 CBI)
		Finger paints	17.2	Automotive care products (1 entry)
		Polymers	17.2	Automotive care products (1 entry)
		Cosmetics	59,146	Building/construction materials (5 entries, 2 CBI)
		Personal care products	59,146	Building/construction materials (5 entries, 2 CBI)
		Washing and cleaning products	634	Catalyst (3 entries, 1 CBI, 1 listed as zero)
		Automotive care products	634	Catalyst (3 entries, 1 CBI, 1 listed as zero)
		Fragrances or air fresheners	49,967	Chemical manufacturing (1 entry)
		Long-life materials: Indoor use (flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, footwear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, mechanical appliances, computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines, jewelry, cutlery, pots, plastic food packaging and storage, mobile phones, fabrics, textiles and apparel including clothing, mattresses, curtains or carpets)	19.8	Contained in products used as cleaners for electroplating processes (1 entry)
			108,980	Electrical and electronic products (6 entries, 3 CBI)
			343	Fabric, textile, and leather products (2 entries, 1 CBI)
			CBI	Floor coverings (1 entry)
			5,714	Food packaging (4 entries, 3 CBI)
		Long-life materials: Outdoor use (metal, wooden, and plastic construction materials, vehicles, machinery)	CBI	Fuels and related products (1 entry, CBI)
			CBI	Furniture and furnishings (1 entry, CBI)
		pH regulators	133.4	Glass products (1 entry)
		Water treatment products	133.4	Glass products (1 entry)
		Fertilizers

Page 210 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

×

UV Filter	European Chemicals Agency		U.S. EPA 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)		U.S. FDA	Euromonitor 2019ⁱ Milligrams per Capita per Day (mg/c/d)
UV Filter	Tonnage^a	Uses	Tonnage	CDR Product Category (Number of Entries per Category)^b	VCRP^c	Total (mg/c/d)	Personal Care Product Category (mg/c/d) (Sun Care % of Total)
			CBI	Laboratory use (1 entry)
			CBI	Lawn and garden care products (1 entry, CBI)
			61,151	Metal products (6 entries)
			CBI	Miscellaneous glass products (1 entry, CBI)
			99,934	Non-TSCA use (2 entries)
			509.3	Not known or ascertainable (5 entries)
			CBI	Oil and gas exploration (1 entry, CBI)
			65,111	Paints and coatings (11 entries, 3 CBI, 2 listed as zero)
			5,714	Paper products (1 entry)
			5,843	Personal care products (4 entries, 1 CBI)
			5,378	Plastic and rubber products (24 entries, 4 CBI)
			67.8	Resale/trade (1 entry)
			7,886	Rubber tires (1 entry)
			CBI	Solvent (1 entry)
			CBI	Toys, playground, and sporting equipment (1 entry)
			283	Vulcanization aid (1 entry)
			3,289	Waste to energy (7 entries)

Page 211 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

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Titanium dioxide	≥ 1,000,000	Washing and cleaning products	6,561	No use specified (59 entries, 24 CBI, 14 listed as zero)	14,958^d	44.6	Sun care (1.0) (2%)
		Automotive care products		No use specified (59 entries, 24 CBI, 14 listed as zero)	14,842^e		Other products (43.56)
		Paints and coatings or adhesives	115	Abrasives, thermal spray (1 entry)	15,156^f
		Fragrances and air fresheners	201,873	Adhesives and sealants (16 entries, 6 CBI)	16,142^g
		Vehicles	201,873	Adhesives and sealants (16 entries, 6 CBI)	83,68^h
		Tires and brake pads	28	Adsorbent catalyst (1 entry)
		Machinery	20	Agricultural products, non-pesticidal (1 entry)
		Cosmetics		Agricultural products, non-pesticidal (1 entry)
		Personal care products	3.9	Arts, crafts, and hobby materials (1 entry)
		Long-life materials: Indoor use (flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, footwear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronics, computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines, fabrics, textiles, plastic food packaging and storage, ceramic dishes/pots/pans, rubber products, metal products)		Arts, crafts, and hobby materials (1 entry)
			1,538	Automotive care products (4 entries, 1 CBI)
			204,870	Building/construction materials (20 entries, 9 CBI)
			2,061	Catalyst
			CBI	Cleaning and furnishing care products (1 entry)
			59	Cosmetic pigment used in Halloween make-up (2 entries)
		Long-life materials: Outdoor use (metal, wooden, and plastic construction and building materials)		Cosmetic pigment used in Halloween make-up (2 entries)
			3,614	Electrical and electronic products (5 entries, 3 CBI)
			427	Fabric, textile, and leather products (6 entries, 4 CBI)
			2,014	Floor coverings (6 entries, 3 CBI)
			218	Foam seating and bedding products (2 entries)
			1,527	Food packaging (12 entries, 8 CBI)
			7874	Food products (1 entry)
			430	Furniture and furnishings (5 entries, 3 CBI)

Page 212 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

×

UV Filter	European Chemicals Agency		U.S. EPA 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)		U.S. FDA	Euromonitor 2019ⁱ Milligrams per Capita per Day (mg/c/d)
UV Filter	Tonnage^a	Uses	Tonnage	CDR Product Category (Number of Entries per Category)^b	VCRP^c	Total (mg/c/d)	Personal Care Product Category (mg/c/d) (Sun Care % of Total)
			205,769	Ink, toner, and colorant products (19 entries, 10 CBI)
			CBI	Laundry and dishwashing products (1 entry)
			21.2	Metal products (3 entries, 1 CBI, 1 listed as zero)
			CBI	Miscellaneous glass productions (1 entry)
			CBI	Non-TSCA use (2 entries, 2 CBI)
			612	Not known or reasonable ascertainable (13 entries, 5 CBI, 1 listed as zero)
			220,736	Paints and coatings (80 entries, 34 CBI, 2 listed as zero
			200,863	Paper products (7 entries, 4 CBI)
			12,187	Personal care products (9 entries, 3 CBI, 1 listed as zero)
			7,874	Pharmaceuticals (1 entry)
			19,288	Plastic and rubber products (26 entries, 12 CBI)
			1.2	Rubber tires (1 entry)
			715	Toys, playground, and sporting equipment (6 entries, 3 CBI)

Page 213 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

×

Padimate O	≥ 100 to < 1,000	Formulation of inks, coatings, and adhesives	No Data	No Data	No Data
		Manufacturing in closed system processes
		Cosmetics
		Plant protection product additive
Benzophenones^k					11.4	Sun care (9.3) (82%)
Benzophenones^k						Other products (2.11)

NOTE: UV filter usage data purchased from Euromonitor for cosmetics, personal care products, and sunscreens is also presented.

^a Per annum tonnage band reported in the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) database for the ingredient.

^b Data reported in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) program under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The tonnage has been aggregated based on the reported product category. In cases where product category was not listed, no use specified is reported. The total number of entries per product category are listed and if any tonnage data was reported as zero or confidential business information (CBI) the number of entries fitting these criteria are also reported.

^c The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Voluntary Cosmetic Reporting Program (VCRP) is a voluntary reporting system for use by manufacturers, packers, and distributors of cosmetic products in the United States. It does not apply to professional cosmetic products (e.g., salons, spas, skin care clinics). The product frequency within the database is provided. Product frequency could serve as a proxy for usage, where a higher frequency could translate to higher use in cosmetics and personal care products.

^d The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Voluntary Cosmetic Reporting Program (VCRP) product frequency for ingredient in 2016.

^e The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Voluntary Cosmetic Reporting Program (VCRP) product frequency for ingredient in 2017.

^f The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Voluntary Cosmetic Reporting Program (VCRP) product frequency for ingredient in 2018.

^g The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Voluntary Cosmetic Reporting Program (VCRP) product frequency for ingredient in 2019.

^h The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Voluntary Cosmetic Reporting Program (VCRP) product frequency for ingredient in 2020.

ⁱ Euromonitor sales data for cosmetics and personal care products in 2019. The data is also reported by product categories created by Euromonitor.

^j Euromonitor reports “other sunscreens.”

^k Euromonitor reports tonnage data for “benzophenones” rather than the individual ingredients Oxybenzone, Sulisobenzone, Dioxybenzone.

SOURCE: Modified from table provided by Iain Davies, Personal Care Products Council.

Page 214 Cite

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: UV Filter Usage." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26381.

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