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103Â Â The following list includes some abbreviations that are only used in the appendixes. HSM AASHTO Highway Safety Manual AIC Akaikeâs information criterion AADT annual average daily traffic ACE average causal effect ATE average treatment effect BAC blood alcohol concentration CD Causal Diagrams CLRS centerline rumble strips CART classification and regression trees CMF crash modification factor [and function] CMFunction crash modification function CP critical point CURE plots cumulative residual plots DP decision point DCMFs Development of Crash Modification Factors DSWF dynamic signal warning flashers EB empirical Bayes ELCSI-PFS Evaluation of Low Cost Safety Improvements Pooled Fund Study FHWA Federal Highway Administration CMF Clearinghouse FHWA CMF Clearinghouse F&I fatal-and-injury FI fatal or injury GBM Generalized Boosting Model GLM generalized linear model GOF goodness-of-fit GDL graduated licensing programs HSIS Highway Safety Information System ISD intersection sight distance ITE Institute of Transport Engineers LIML limited information maximum likelihood MUTCD Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices MCMC Markov chain Monte Carlo MAD mean absolute deviation MPB mean prediction bias MSE mean squared error MSPE mean squared prediction error Abbreviations
104 Guidelines for the Development and Application of Crash Modification Factors OVB omitted variable bias OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PMR pavement marking retroreflectivity PRPMs permanent raised pavement markings PO Potential Outcomes PDO property damage only PoI property of interest RTM regression to the mean RR representative retroreflectivity RHR roadside hazard rating ROR run-off-road SV single-vehicle SPF safety performance function SRS shoulder rumble strips BIC Schwarz Bayesian information criterion SEM structural equation model VMT vehicle miles traveled vpd vehicles per day
