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Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects (2022)

Chapter: Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Appendix B

Overview of Literature Search

The committee conducted a series of searches in five databases—PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO (ProQuest), MEDLINE (Ovid), and Embase (Ovid)— between February 2021 and March 2021 to identify all literature on premium cigars. Additional focused searches were conducted for subject- or language-specific databases, including American Chemical Society, Agricola (Ovid), LILACS, and LexisNexis. Initial search results were then expanded in June to include any relevant articles published prior to the dates included in the initial search criteria and after the initial searches were undertaken. Additional searches were run in August 2021 focusing on the use of the term “premium” for other consumer goods in specific publications.

Some 2020 and 2021 studies may not have been captured due to lags and discrepancies in database indexing. Because the last comprehensive review cigars (including premium cigars) was published in 1997, the search date range was 1996–2021. The search was limited to the English and Spanish languages but did not limit country of origin. The research questions that the committee considered informed the terms used in the search strategy (see Appendix A).

Because “premium” has been neither clearly defined nor used systematically (see Chapter 1), searches considered cigars more generally. Reviews were identified for other combustible tobacco products for comparison to premium cigars. The committee’s approach was informed by published guidelines for conducting systematic reviews and the approaches taken by prior National Academies committees (CRD, 2009; Higgins, 2021; IOM,

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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2011, 2012, 2016; NASEM, 2017, 2018; NRC, 2014; OHAT, 2019; Whiting et al., 2016). However, early in its work, the committee noted the very limited literature available on premium cigars specifically and the lack of an agreed-upon definition of “premium” and therefore a lack of consistency regarding which brands are considered premium in the literature. Moreover, many publications do not distinguish “premium” from other large cigars. In addition, the study types varied considerably (e.g., laboratory, epidemiologic and toxicologic studies, and surveys). The committee adjusted its approach and framework accordingly. The following section includes the committee’s search strategy to identify literature on premium cigars.

Committee members reviewed and assessed each relevant study. First, the committee identified what questions the literature addressed and then assessed the extent to which each study was able to answer each one. The committee considered study design, study results, and other potential sources of conflict of interest or bias, including multiple elements to assess internal and external validity, including the study sample, sampling methods, basic demographic information (age, gender, and race/ethnicity), and setting. Analytical methods were also considered, such as statistical tests used and their appropriateness. The quality of execution (e.g., dropout rates) was assessed as well. Finally, the committee considered the study results (including adjusted and unadjusted results where available), including the outcomes assessed and how these outcomes were operationalized.

Potential bias in the studies based on sponsorship, particularly by industry, is often a concern in the tobacco literature, given the industry’s history of manipulating evidence to support its interests. However, a range of nonscientific influences affect how investigators design, conduct, analyze, and interpret their data, including research sponsorship and source of employment (NASEM, 2018). The evidence assessment in this report focused on the quality of the research and reported results but recognized that financial interests raise concerns to varying degrees with the credibility of the findings. For completeness, the committee documented the source of research sponsorship or other external involvement in a table available as an online supplement, noting whether each study was funded by industry, government, other (university, foundation), or not stated (the committee used the template used in NASEM, 2018). The committee also notes other industry involvement, such as whether industry is a source of employment.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

SEARCH SYNTAX

General Keyword and Mesh Term Searches

Search Strategy for General Keyword and Database Index Terms for Cigars/Premium Cigars in Human Populations

PubMed

(Cigar Smoking[MeSH Terms]) OR ((Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND ((cigar[Title/Abstract]) OR (cigar[Text Word])) NOT ((cigarette[Title/Abstract]) OR (cigarette[Text Word]))) OR ((“handmade”[Text Word] OR “handmade”[Text Word] OR (“hand-rolled”[Text Word] OR “handrolled”[Text Word]) OR (“roll-your-own”[Text Word] OR “RYO”[Text Word] OR “R.Y.O.”[Text Word]) AND ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) OR (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/ Abstract]))) AND ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) OR (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/Abstract])))

Limit: Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles, Systematic Reviews

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Results: 127

((Cigar Smoking[MeSH Terms]) AND (premium[Text Word])) OR ((Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND (“premium cigars”[Text Word])) OR ((“premium cigar”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“premium cigar”[Text Word])) Limits: Same

Results: 6

Scopus

( ( INDEXTERMS ( cigar ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cigars ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigar ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigars ) OR INDEXTERMS ( “cigar smoking” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “cigar smoking” ) ) OR ( INDEXTERMS ( “tobacco products” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “tobacco products” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH ( “cigar” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigars” ) ) AND ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “handmade” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “hand-made” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “handrolled” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “hand-rolled” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “roll your own” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “roll-your-own” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “RYO” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “R.Y.O.” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “large” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “premium” )

Limit: Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles, Reviews

Limit: 1996–Present

Results: 105

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Embase

1 exp cigar/ or exp cigar smoking/ 419
2 limit 1 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 249
3 Exp tobacco/ AND (“premium cigar” or “hand-made” or “hand-rolled” or “roll-your-own” or “RYO” or “handmade” or “handrolled” or “hand rolled” or “hand made”).mp. 156
4 limit 3 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 107
5 (exp cigar smoking/ or exp cigar/) and (“premium cigar” or “hand-made” or “hand-rolled” or “roll-your-own” or “RYO” or “handmade” or “handrolled” or “hand rolled” or “hand made”).mp. 16
6 limit 5 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 8
7 2 or 4 or 6 352

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Current

Limit: Article, Article in Press, Review

Limit: Journal, Trade Journal

Results: 352

MEDLINE

1 Exp cigar smoking/ 43
2 limit 1 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”) and “humans only (removes records about animals)”) 41
3 exp tobacco products/ and (“cigar” or “cigars”).mp. 472
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
4 limit 3 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 416
5 exp tobacco/ and (“cigar” or “cigars”).mp. 192
6 limit 5 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 77
7 2 or 4 or 6 473
8 (“premium cigar” or “premium” or “large cigar” or “large” or “hand-made” or “hand-rolled” or “roll-your-own” or “RYO” or “handmade” or “handrolled” or “hand rolled” or “hand made”).mp. 1,522,462
9 limit 8 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 647,092
10 7 and 9 63

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Clinical Trials, Journal Articles, Preprints, Reviews, Systematic Reviews

Results: 473 (all cigars)

Results: 63 (premium cigar and synonyms)

PsychINFO

(su(“cigar” OR “cigars”) OR ti(“cigar” OR “cigars”) OR ft(“cigar” OR “cigars”) OR ab(“cigar” OR “cigars”)) OR (su(nicotine) OR su(“tobacco smoking”)) AND (“cigar” OR “cigars”)

(su(“cigar” OR “cigars”) OR ti(“cigar” OR “cigars”) OR ft(“cigar” OR “cigars”) OR ab(“cigar” OR “cigars”)) AND (“premium” OR “large”)

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Articles

Results: 690 (all cigars)

Results: 208 (premium cigars and synonyms)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

LILACS
tabaco [Descriptor de asunto] and cigarro OR puro [Palabras]
tobacco [Subject descriptor] and cigar [Words]
cigaro OR puro [Palabras] and grande OR prima [Palabras]

Limits: None due to the lack of options in the LILACS interface

Results: 133

Agricola

(“cigar” or “cigars”).ab. and (“cigar” or “cigars”).ti.

Results: 8

Select Search Strategies for General Keyword and Database Index Terms for Premium Cigars in Human Populations with Earlier Date Limits ( > 1996)

PubMed

((Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND ((cigar[Title/Abstract]) OR (cigar[Text Word])) NOT (cigarette[Title/Abstract])) OR (((“handrolled”[Text Word] OR “handrolled”[Text Word] OR “roll-your-own”[Text Word] OR “RYO”[Text Word] OR “premium”[Text Word] OR “large”[Text Word]) NOT (“cigarette”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigarettes”[Title/Abstract]) AND (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/Abstract])))

Limit: Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles, Systematic Reviews

Limit: Humans

Limit: > 1996

Results: 6

Scopus

( ALL ( “premium cigar” OR “premium cigars” OR “large cigar” OR “large cigars” ) ) OR ( ( INDEXTERMS ( cigar ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cigars ) OR ( ( AUTHKEY ( cigar ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigars ) ) AND ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( large ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( premium ) ) ) ) ) OR ( ( ( INDEXTERMS ( “cigar smoking” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “cigar smoking” ) AND ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( large ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( premium ) ) ) ) ) OR ( INDEXTERMS ( “tobacco products” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “tobacco products” ) AND ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( cigar ) AND ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( large ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( premium ) ) ) ) OR ( ( INDEXTERMS ( cigar ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cigars ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigar ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigars ) OR INDEXTERMS ( “cigar smoking” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “cigar smoking” ) ) OR ( INDEXTERMS ( “tobacco products” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “tobacco products” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH ( “cigar” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigars” ) ) AND ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “handmade” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “hand-made” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “handrolled” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “hand-rolled” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “roll your own” ) OR

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “roll-your-own” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “RYO” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “R.Y.O.” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “large” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “premium” ) ) )Limit: >1996

Limit: Article, Review

Limit: > 1996

Results: 86

Embase

1 exp cigar/ or exp cigar smoking/ 447
2 limit 1 to (human and yr=”1883 - 1995” and (article or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 13
3 exp tobacco/ many
4 (((“cigar” or “cigars”).ab. or (“cigar” or “cigars”).ti.) and (premium or large or “hand-made” or handmade or “hand-rolled” or handrolled or “hand rolled” or “roll-your-own” or “roll your own” or RYO or “R Y O “).ab.) or (premium or large or “hand-made” or handmade or “hand-rolled” or handrolled or “hand rolled” or “roll-your-own” or “roll your own” or RYO or “R Y O “).ti.
5 3 and 4 278
6 limit 5 to (human and yr=”1883 - 1995” and (article or “review”) and journal) 7

Limit: Humans

Limit: < 1996

Limit: Article, Review

Limit: Journal or Trade Journal

Results: 20

MEDLINE

1 exp cigar smoking/ 44
2 exp tobacco products/ 8,378
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
3 (((“cigar” or “cigars”).ab. or (“cigar” or “cigars”).ti.) and (premium or large or “hand-made” or handmade or “hand-rolled” or handrolled or “hand rolled” or “roll-your-own” or “roll your own” or RYO or “R Y O “).ab.) or (premium or large or “hand-made” or handmade or “hand-rolled” or handrolled or “hand rolled” or “roll-your-own” or “roll your own” or RYO or “R Y O “).ti.
4 2 and 3 119
5 exp tobacco/ 31,786
6 3 and 5 150
7 limit 6 to (humans and yr=”1860 - 1995” and (clinical trial all or journal article or randomized controlled trial or “systematic review”)) 10

Limit: Humans

Limit: > 1996

Limit: Clinical Trial, Journal Article, RCT, Systematic Review

Results: 10

Updated Search Strategies for General Keyword and Database Index Terms for Premium Cigars in Human Populations Run in August 2021

PubMed

(Cigar Smoking[MeSH Terms]) AND (premium[Text Word]) OR (Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND (Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND ((“cigars”[Title/Abstract])) NOT ((cigarette*[Title/Abstract]) OR (Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND (“premium cigar”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“premium cigars”[Title/Abstract]) OR ((“hand-made”[Text Word] OR “handmade”[Text Word]) AND ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) OR (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/Abstract]))) OR ((“hand-rolled”[Text Word] OR “handrolled”[Text Word]) AND ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) OR (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/Abstract]))) OR ((“roll-your-own”[Text Word] OR “RYO”[Text Word] OR “R.Y.O.”[Text Word]) AND ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) OR (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/ Abstract])))

Limit: Humans

Limit: March–August 2021

Limit: Journal Articles, Systematic Reviews

Results: 1

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Scopus

( ( INDEXTERMS ( cigar ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cigars ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigar ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigars ) OR INDEXTERMS ( “cigar smoking” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “cigar smoking” ) ) OR ( INDEXTERMS ( “tobacco products” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “tobacco products” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH ( “cigar” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigars” ) )

Limit: 2021

Limit: Articles, Reviews

Results: 31

Embase

1 exp cigar/ or exp cigar smoking/ or (exp tobacco/ and (“premium cigar” or “hand-made” or “hand-rolled” or “roll-your-own” or “RYO” or “handmade” or “handrolled” or “hand rolled” or “hand made”).mp.) 575
2 Limit 1 to (human and yr=”2021-Current”) 53

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2021

Results: 53

MEDLINE

1 exp cigar smoking/ or (exp tobacco products/ and (“cigar” or “cigars”).mp.) or (exp tobacco/ and (“cigar” or “cigars”). mp.) 658
2 Limit 1 to (human and yr=”2021-Current” and journal article) 14

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2021

Limit: Journal Article

Results: 14

PsychINFO
su(“cigar” OR “cigars”) OR ti(“cigar” OR “cigars”) OR ft(“cigar” OR “cigars”) OR ab(“cigar” OR “cigars”)

Limit: Humans

Limit: April 2021–Present

Limit: Journal Articles

Results: 5

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Search Strategies on the Health Effects of Premium Cigars

PubMed

(Tobacco Smoke Pollution[MeSH Terms] AND ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) OR (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/ Abstract]))) OR ((“second-hand”[Text Word] OR “secondhand”[Text Word] OR “second-hand”[Title/Abstract] OR “secondhand”[Title/ Abstract]) OR (alcohol[Title/Abstract] OR alcohol[Text Word]) OR (nicotin*[Title/Abstract] OR nicotin*[Text Word]) OR (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons[MeSH Terms]) OR (neoplasms[MeSH Terms] OR (cancer[Text Word] OR cancer[Title/Abstract])) OR (Nitrosamines[MeSH Terms]) OR (Volatile Organic Compounds[MeSH Terms]) OR (cutaneous[Title/Abstract] OR cutaneous[Text Word]) OR (derm*[Title/ Abstract] OR derm*[Text Word]) OR (Oropharyng*[Title/Abstract] OR Oropharyng*[Text Word]) OR (circulator*[Title/Abstract] OR circulator*[Text Word]) OR (respirator*[Title/Abstract] OR respirator*[Text Word]) OR (cardiov*[Title/Abstract] OR cardiov*[Text Word]) AND ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word])) OR (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/Abstract])) OR ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) AND inhal*[Text Word])

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Article, Systematic Review

Results: 1,050

Updated June 2021—2 additional results

Scopus

( ( INDEXTERMS ( cigar ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cigars ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigar ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigars ) OR INDEXTERMS ( “cigar smoking” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “cigar smoking” ) ) OR ( INDEXTERMS ( “tobacco products” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “tobacco products” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH ( “cigar” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigars” ) ) AND ( INDEXTERMS ( addiction ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcohol ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcohol AND abuse ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcohol AND consumption ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcohol AND drinking ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcohol AND intoxication ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcoholic AND intoxication ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcoholism ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cancer ) OR INDEXTERMS ( carcinogen ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cardiovascular AND system ) OR INDEXTERMS ( circulatory AND systems ) OR INDEXTERMS ( drinking AND behavior ) OR INDEXTERMS ( drug AND abuse ) OR INDEXTERMS ( drug AND dependence ) OR INDEXTERMS ( drug AND use ) OR INDEXTERMS ( environmental AND exposure ) OR INDEXTERMS ( environmental AND tobacco AND smoke ) OR INDEXTERMS ( environmental AND tobacco AND smokes ) OR INDEXTERMS (

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

inhalation ) OR INDEXTERMS ( inhalation AND exposure ) OR INDEXTERMS ( intoxication ) OR INDEXTERMS ( neoplasm ) OR INDEXTERMS ( neoplasms ) OR INDEXTERMS ( nicotiana AND tabacum ) OR INDEXTERMS ( nicotine ) OR INDEXTERMS ( nitrosamine ) OR INDEXTERMS ( respiratory AND distress ) OR INDEXTERMS ( respiratory AND system ) OR INDEXTERMS ( polycyclic AND aromatic AND hydrocarbon ) OR INDEXTERMS ( secondhand AND smoke ) OR INDEXTERMS ( secondhand AND smoke AND exposure ) OR INDEXTERMS ( smoke ) OR INDEXTERMS ( substance AND abuse ) OR INDEXTERMS ( substance-related AND disorders ) OR INDEXTERMS ( substance AND use ) OR INDEXTERMS ( tobacco AND dependence ) OR INDEXTERMS ( tobacco AND smoke ) OR INDEXTERMS ( tobacco AND smoke AND pollution ) OR INDEXTERMS ( tobacco AND use AND disorder ) OR INDEXTERMS ( voc ) OR INDEXTERMS ( volatile AND organic AND compound ) OR INDEXTERMS ( volatile AND organic AND compounds ) ) )

Limit: Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles, Reviews

Limit: 1996–Present

Results: 373

Embase

7 2 or 4 or 6 352
8 exp addiction/ or exp “drug dependence”/ or exp carcinogen/ or exp “cardiovascular system”/ or exp inhalation/ or exp “Malignant neoplasm”/ or exp Nicotine/ or exp Nitrosamine/ or exp “passive smoking”/ or exp “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon”/ or exp “respiratory system”/ or exp “respiratory tract disease”/ or exp smoke/ or exp “tobacco dependence”/ or exp “tobacco smoke”/ or exp “toxic inhalation”/ or exp “Volatile Organic Compound”/ 7,452,763
9 limit 8 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 3,336,510
10 7 and 9 121

Limit: Humans

Limit: < 1996

Limit: Article, Review

Limit: Journal or Trade Journal

Results: 121

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

MEDLINE

7 2 or 4 or 6 473
11 exp “behavior, addictive”/ or exp carcinogens/ or exp “Cardiovascular System”/ or exp “Drinking Behavior”/ or exp “Environmental Exposure”/ or exp Inhalation/ or exp “Inhalation Exposure”/ or exp neoplasms/ or exp nicotine/ or exp Nitrosamines/ or exp “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons”/ or exp “Substance-Related Disorders”/ or exp “Tobacco Smoke Pollution”/ or exp “Volatile Organic Compounds”/ 5,632,761
12 limit 11 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 2,751,131
13 7 and 12 165

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Clinical Trials, Journal Articles, Preprints, Reviews, Systematic Reviews

Results: 165

PsychINFO

((su(nicotine) OR su(“tobacco smoking”)) AND (“cigar” OR “cigars”)) AND su(“Substance Use Disorder” OR Neoplasms OR Carcinogens OR “cardiovascular system” OR “Mental disorders” OR “Mental health” OR “passive smoking” OR “respiratory system” OR “drug usage”) OR (Nitrosamine* OR “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons”)

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Articles

Results: 264

American Chemical Society

(nicotin* OR nitrosamin* OR “polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon”) AND (“cigar” OR “cigars”)

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Article

Results: 63

Updated results from June 2021—5 additional references

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Search Strategies on Vulnerable Population Groups Concerning Use of Premium Cigars

PubMed

((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) AND youth[Title/ Abstract]) OR ((minority groups[MeSH Terms]) OR ((socioeconomic factors[MeSH Terms]) OR (socioeconmic status[MeSH Terms])) OR (pregnancy[MeSH Terms]) OR (reproduction[MeSh Terms]) OR ((Disabled Persons[MeSH Terms] OR Neurodevelopmental Disorders[MeSH Terms] OR Musculoskeletal Abnormalities[MeSH Terms] OR Nervous System Diseases[MeSH Terms])) OR (Mental Disorders[MeSH Terms]) OR ((Homosexuality[MeSH Terms] OR Bisexuality[MeSH Terms] OR Sexual and Gender Minorities[MeSH Terms])) AND ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) OR (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/ Abstract])))

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Article, Systematic Review

Results: 471

Updated result from June 2021—1 additional reference

Scopus

( ( INDEXTERMS ( cigar ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cigars ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigar ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigars ) OR INDEXTERMS ( “cigar smoking” ) OR ( “cigar smoking” ) ) OR ( INDEXTERMS ( “tobacco products” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “tobacco products” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH ( “cigar” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigars” ) ) AND ( INDEXTERMS ( adolescent ) OR INDEXTERMS ( adolescents ) OR INDEXTERMS ( african AND american ) OR INDEXTERMS ( african AND americans ) OR INDEXTERMS ( child ) OR INDEXTERMS ( demographic AND factors ) OR INDEXTERMS ( disability ) OR INDEXTERMS ( disabled AND person ) OR INDEXTERMS ( disabled AND persons ) OR INDEXTERMS ( educational AND status ) OR INDEXTERMS ( ethnic AND group ) OR INDEXTERMS ( ethnic AND difference ) OR INDEXTERMS ( ethnic AND minority ) OR INDEXTERMS ( hispanic AND americans ) OR INDEXTERMS ( hispanic ) OR INDEXTERMS ( homosexuality ) OR INDEXTERMS ( intellectual AND disability ) OR INDEXTERMS ( intellectual AND impairment ) OR INDEXTERMS ( juvenile ) OR INDEXTERMS ( mental AND disease ) OR INDEXTERMS ( mental AND disorders ) OR INDEXTERMS ( mental AND health ) OR INDEXTERMS ( minority AND group ) OR INDEXTERMS ( minority AND groups ) OR INDEXTERMS ( physical AND disability ) OR INDEXTERMS ( sexual AND gender AND minority ) OR INDEXTERMS ( sexual AND minority ) OR INDEXTERMS ( social AND status ) OR INDEXTERMS (

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

socioeconomic AND factors ) OR INDEXTERMS ( socioeconomic AND status ) OR INDEXTERMS ( transgender ) OR INDEXTERMS ( young AND adult ) OR INDEXTERMS ( youth ) ) )

Limit: Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles, Reviews

Limit: 1996–Present

Results: 663

Embase

7 2 or 4 or 6 352
11 exp bisexuality/ or exp demography/ or exp disability/ or exp “disabled person”/ or exp “educational status”/ or exp “ethnic group”/ or exp “ethnic or racial aspects’”/ or exp homosexuality/ or exp “mental disease”/ or exp “mental health”/ or exp “minority group”/ or exp “sexual and gender minority”/ or exp “social status”/ or exp “socioeconomics”/ or exp transgender/ 3,335,742
12 limit 11 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 1,833,453
13 7 and 12 158
31 limit 11 to (embryo <first trimester> or child <unspecified age> or preschool child <1 to 6 years> or school child <7 to 12 years> or adolescent <13 to 17 years>) 576,464
32 7 and 31 57
33 exp pregnancy/ 625,984
34 limit 33 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 249,962
35 7 and 34 3

Limit: Humans

Limit: < 1996

Limit: Article, Review

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Limit: Journal or Trade Journal

Results: 218

MEDLINE

7 2 or 4 or 6 473
14 exp Adolescent/ or exp child/ or exp “ethnic groups”/ or exp Bisexuality/ or exp homosexuality/ or exp demography/ or exp “disabled persons”/ or exp “Socioeconomic Factors”/ or exp “Ex-Smokers”/ or exp “Minority Groups”/ or exp minors/ or exp “Psychological Distance”/ or exp “Sexual and Gender Minorities”/ or exp Smokers/ or exp “Social Class”/ or exp “Vulnerable Populations”/ 4,616,504
15 limit 14 to (humans and yr=”1996” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 2,828,786
16 7 and 15 340
34 limit 14 to (“all infant (birth to 23 months)” or “all child (0 to 18 years)” or “newborn infant (birth to 1 month)” or “infant (1 to 23 months)” or “preschool child (2 to 5 years)” or “child (6 to 12 years)” or “adolescent (13 to 18 years)”) 3,156,650
35 7 and 34 272

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Clinical Trials, Journal Articles, Preprints, Reviews, Systematic

Reviews

Results: 612

PsychINFO

((su(nicotine) OR su(“tobacco smoking”)) AND (“cigar” OR “cigars”)) AND su(“racial and ethnic groups” OR “sexual minority groups” OR child OR demography OR “demographic characteristics” OR “disabled personnel” OR “minority groups” OR “racial and ethnic differences” OR “social status” OR “socioeconomic factors” OR “socioeconomic status”)

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Limit: Journal Articles

Results: 104

Search Strategies on Behavioral Characteristics Regarding the Use of Premium Cigars

PubMed

((addict*[Text Word] OR addict*[Title/Abstract] OR (abus*[Text Word] OR abus*[Title/Abstract]) OR (Tobacco Use Disorder[MeSH Terms]) OR (Smoking Cessation[MeSH Terms]) OR (Tobacco Use Cessation[MeSH Terms]) OR (“plasma nicotine”[Title/Abstract] AND “plasma nicotine”[Text Word]) OR (“ad libitum”[Title/Abstract] AND “ad libitum”[Text Word])) AND ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) OR (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/Abstract])))

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Article, Systematic Review

Results: 304

Scopus

( ( INDEXTERMS ( cigar ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cigars ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigar ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigars ) OR INDEXTERMS ( “cigar smoking” ) OR ( “cigar smoking” ) ) OR ( INDEXTERMS ( “tobacco products” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “tobacco products” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH ( “cigar” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigars” ) ) AND ( INDEXTERMS ( addiction ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcohol ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcohol AND abuse ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcohol AND consumption ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcohol AND drinking ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcohol AND intoxication ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcoholic AND intoxication ) OR INDEXTERMS ( alcoholism ) OR INDEXTERMS ( drinking AND behavior ) OR INDEXTERMS ( drug AND abuse ) OR INDEXTERMS ( drug AND dependence ) OR INDEXTERMS ( drug AND use ) OR INDEXTERMS ( intoxication ) OR INDEXTERMS ( smoking AND cessation ) OR INDEXTERMS ( substance AND abuse ) OR INDEXTERMS ( substance-related AND disorders ) OR INDEXTERMS ( substance AND use ) ) )

Limit: Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles, Reviews

Limit: 1996–Present

Results: 547

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Embase

7 2 or 4 or 6 352
14 exp addiction/ or exp “drug dependence”/ or exp “smoking cessation”/ or exp “substance abuse”/ or exp “substance use”/ or exp “tobacco dependence”/ 802,188
15 limit 14 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 427,004
16 7 and 15 305

Limit: Humans

Limit: < 1996

Limit: Article, Review

Limit: Journal or Trade Journal

Results: 305

MEDLINE

7 2 or 4 or 6 473
17 exp “Tobacco Use Disorder”/ or exp “Tobacco Use Cessation”/ or exp “Tobacco Smoking”/ or exp “Smoking Reduction”/ or exp “Smoking Cessation”/ or exp smokers/ or exp “ex-smokers”/ or exp “drinking behavior”/ 117,511
18 limit 17 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 80,122
19 7 and 18 200

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Clinical Trials, Journal Articles, Preprints, Reviews, Systematic Reviews

Results: 200

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

PsychINFO

((su(nicotine) OR su(“tobacco smoking”)) AND (“cigar” OR “cigars”)) AND su(“substance use disorder” OR “smoking cessation”)

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Articles

Results: 117

Search Strategies on Dual-Use of Premium Cigars and Cannabis Products

PubMed

((blunt*[Title/Abstract] OR blunt*[Text Word] OR (hypin*[Title/Abstract] OR hypin*[Text Word]) OR (freakin*[Title/Abstract] OR freakin*[Text Word]) OR (champin*[Title/Abstract] OR champin*[Text Word])) AND ((“cigar”[Text Word] OR “cigars”[Text Word]) OR (“cigar”[Title/Abstract] OR “cigars”[Title/Abstract])))

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Article, Systematic Review

Results: 62

Scopus

( ( INDEXTERMS ( cigar ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cigars ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigar ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigars ) OR INDEXTERMS ( “cigar smoking” ) OR ( “cigar smoking” ) ) OR ( INDEXTERMS ( “tobacco products” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “tobacco products” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH ( “cigar” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigars” ) ) AND ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( blunt* ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( hypin* ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( freakin* ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( champin* ) ) )

Limit: Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles, Reviews

Limit: 1996–Present

Results: 57

Embase

7 2 or 4 or 6 352
23 exp cannabis/ 34,339
24 limit 23 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 17,509
25 blunt.mp. 48,552
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
26 limit 25 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 25,652
27 (freakin* or hypin* or champin*).mp. 74
28 limit 27 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 21
29 24 or 26 or 28 43,126
30 7 and 29 38

Limit: Humans

Limit: < 1996

Limit: Article, Review

Limit: Journal or Trade Journal

Results: 38

MEDLINE

7 2 or 4 or 6 473
26 exp cannabis/ 9,654
27 limit 26 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 3,416
28 blunt.mp. 33,447
29 limit 28 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 17,770
30 (freakin* or hypin* or champin*).mp. 69
31 limit 30 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 22
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
32 27 or 29 or 31 21,196
33 7 or 32 34

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Clinical Trials, Journal Articles, Preprints, Reviews, Systematic Reviews

Results: 34

PsychINFO

((su(nicotine) OR su(“tobacco smoking”)) AND (“cigar” OR “cigars”)) AND su(Cannabis) OR (freakin* OR hypin* OR champin*)

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Articles

Results: 130

Search Strategies on Premium Cigars in the Context of the Tobacco Industry

Scopus

( ( INDEXTERMS ( cigar ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cigars ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigar ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigars ) OR INDEXTERMS ( “cigar smoking” ) OR ( “cigar smoking” ) ) OR ( INDEXTERMS (“tobacco products”) OR AUTHKEY ( “tobacco products” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH ( “cigar” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigars” ) ) AND (INDEXTERMS ( tobacco AND industry ) ) )

Limit: Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles, Reviews

Limit: 1996–Present

Results: 56

Updated results from June 2021—3 additional references

Embase

7 2 or 4 or 6 352
17 exp “tobacco industry”/ 5,845
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
18 limit 17 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 2,991
19 7 and 18 21

Limit: Humans

Limit: < 1996

Limit: Article, Review

Limit: Journal or Trade Journal

Results: 21

MEDLINE

7 2 or 4 or 6 473
20 Exp “tobacco industry”/ 4,658
21 limit 20 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 3,038
22 7 and 21 32

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Clinical Trials, Journal Articles, Preprints, Reviews, Systematic Reviews

Results: 32

PsychINFO

((su(nicotine) OR su(“tobacco smoking”)) AND (“cigar” OR “cigars”)) AND “tobacco industry”

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Articles

Results: 32

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

LexisNexis

Query Results Notes
“cigar” or “cigars” 7,023 Search limited to “Tobacco Industry” and “Tobacco Mfg” Index Terms, 1996 – present, and the “Industry Trade Press” source group.
(“cigar” or “cigars”) AND (“premium” OR “large”) 8,001 Same limits as last search.
(“cigar” or “cigars”) AND (“premium”) 3,419 Same limits.
(“cigar” or “cigars”) AND (“large”) 5,872 Same limits.
((“cigar” or “cigars”) w/5 (“premium” OR “large”)) 948 Proximity search; the terms appear within five words of each other
  • Previous search limited to Medicine and Health Industry subset
408
  • Previous search further limited to include the word “constituent”
17

Search Strategies on the Marketing of Premium Cigars

Scopus

( ( INDEXTERMS ( cigar ) OR INDEXTERMS ( cigars ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigar ) OR AUTHKEY ( cigars ) OR INDEXTERMS ( “cigar smoking” ) OR ( “cigar smoking” ) ) OR ( INDEXTERMS ( “tobacco products” ) OR AUTHKEY ( “tobacco products” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH ( “cigar” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigars” ) ) AND ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( market* ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( promot* ) ) ) AND PUBYEAR > 1995 AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SRCTYPE , “j” ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “ar” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , “re” ) )

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Limit: Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles, Reviews

Limit: 1996–Present

Results: 236

Embase

7 2 or 4 or 6 352
20 exp “commercial phenomena”/ 130,926
21 limit 20 to (human and yr=”1996 -Current” and (article or article in press or “review”) and (journal or trade journal)) 42,090
22 7 and 21 63

Limit: Humans

Limit: < 1996

Limit: Article, Review

Limit: Journal or Trade Journal

Results: 63

MEDLINE

7 2 or 4 or 6 473
23 Exp marketing/ 35,562
24 limit 23 to (humans and yr=”1996 -Current” and (clinical trial, all or journal article or preprint or “review” or “systematic review”)) 16,997
25 7 and 24 70

Limit: Humans

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Clinical Trials, Journal Articles, Preprints, Reviews, Systematic Reviews

Results: 70

PsychINFO

((su(nicotine) OR su(“tobacco smoking”)) AND (“cigar” OR “cigars”)) AND su(Advertising OR commerce OR “consumer behavior” OR Marketing OR retailing)

Limit: Humans

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Limit: 1996–Present

Limit: Journal Articles

Results: 76

Search Strategies on Other Tobacco Products

Cigarettes

Search Strategies for Cigarette Keywords

PubMed

(Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND ((cigarette*[Title/Abstract]) OR (cigarette*[Text Word])) OR cigarette smoking[MeSH Terms]

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 99

Updated results from June 2021—2 additional references

Embase

1 Exp cigarette/ 2,893
2 limit 1 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 67

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 67

Updated Embase results from June 2021

3 Exp cigarette/ 3,013
4 Limit 3 to (human and yr=”2021-Current”) 423
5 Limit 3 to “review” 19

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2021–Current

Limit: Reviews

Results: 19

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

MEDLINE

1 exp “tobacco products”/ and cigarette*.mp. 4,560
2 limit 1 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 49

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 49

Updated MEDLINE results from June 2021

3 exp “tobacco products”/ and cigarette*.mp. 4,917
4 Limit 3 to (human and yr=”2021-Current” and “systematic review”) 4

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2021–Current

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 4

Search Strategies of the Health Effects of Cigarettes

PubMed

(((Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND ((cigarette*[Title/Abstract]) OR (cigarette*[Text Word])) OR cigarette smoking[MeSH Terms])) AND (Cardiovascular System[MeSH Terms] OR Tobacco Smoke Pollution[MeSH Terms] OR neoplasms[MeSH Terms] OR nicotine[MeSH Terms] OR Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons[MeSH Terms] OR Nitrosamines[MeSH Terms] OR Volatile Organic Compounds[MeSH Terms] OR skin diseases[MeSH Terms] OR Respiratory System[MeSH Terms])

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 34

Embase

1 Exp cigarette/ 2,893
2 limit 1 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 67
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
7 exp carcinogen/ or exp “cardiovascular system”/ or exp inhalation/ or exp “Malignant neoplasm”/ or exp Nicotine/ or exp Nitrosamine/ or exp “passive smoking”/ or exp “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon”/ or exp “respiratory system”/ or exp “respiratory tract disease”/ or exp smoke/ or exp “tobacco dependence”/ or exp “tobacco smoke”/ or exp “toxic inhalation”/ or exp “Volatile Organic Compound”/ or exp “Cigarette smoke”/ or exp “Cigarette smoke condensate”/ 7,228,593
8 limit 7 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 69,075
9 2 and 8 33

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 33

MEDLINE

1 exp “tobacco products”/ and cigarette*.mp. 4,560
2 limit 1 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 49
7 exp “behavior, addictive”/ or exp carcinogens/ or exp “Cardiovascular System”/ or exp “Drinking Behavior”/ or exp “Environmental Exposure”/ or exp Inhalation/ or exp “Inhalation Exposure”/ or exp neoplasms/ or exp nicotine/ or exp Nitrosamines/ or exp “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons”/ or exp “Substance-Related Disorders”/ or exp “Tobacco Smoke Pollution”/ or exp “Volatile Organic Compounds”/ 5,632,761
8 limit 7 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 24,368
9 2 and 8 20

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 20

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Search Strategies on Cigarettes and Vulnerable Populations

PubMed

((Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND ((cigarette*[Title/Abstract]) OR (cigarette*[Text Word])) OR cigarette smoking[MeSH Terms]) AND ((adolescent[MeSH Terms]) OR (child[MeSH Terms]) OR (minority groups[MeSH Terms]) OR (socioeconomic factors[MeSH Terms]) OR (pregnancy[MeSH Terms]) OR (reproduction[MeSH Terms]) OR (Disabled Persons[MeSH Terms]) OR (Mental Disorders[MeSH Terms]) OR (Sexual and Gender Minorities[MeSH Terms]) OR (Homosexuality[MeSH Terms]) OR (Bisexuality[MeSH Terms]))

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 28

Embase

1 Exp cigarette/ 2,893
2 limit 1 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 67
16 exp bisexuality/ or exp demography/ or exp disability/ or exp “disabled person”/ or exp “educational status”/ or exp “ethnic group”/ or exp “ethnic or racial aspects’”/ or exp homosexuality/ or exp “mental disease”/ or exp “mental health”/ or exp “minority group”/ or exp “sexual and gender minority”/ or exp “social status”/ or exp “socioeconomics”/ or exp transgender/ 3,341,522
17 limit 16 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 50,592
18 2 and 17 23
19 limit 17 to (embryo <first trimester> or infant <to one year> or child <unspecified age> or preschool child <1 to 6 years> or school child <7 to 12 years> or adolescent <13 to 17 years>) 5,258
20 2 and 19 5
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
21 exp child/ or exp adolescent/ or exp pregnancy/ 3,789,956
22 limit 21 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010-current”) 24,391
23 2 and 22 11

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 39

MEDLINE

1 exp “tobacco products”/ and cigarette*.mp. 4,560
2 limit 1 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 49
12 exp Adolescent/ or exp child/ or exp “ethnic groups”/ or exp Bisexuality/ or exp homosexuality/ or exp demography/ or exp “disabled persons”/ or exp “Socioeconomic Factors”/ or exp “Ex-Smokers”/ or exp “Minority Groups”/ or exp minors/ or exp “Psychological Distance”/ or exp “Sexual and Gender Minorities”/ or exp Smokers/ or exp “Social Class”/ or exp “Vulnerable Populations”/ 4,616,504
13 limit 12 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 35,195
14 2 and 13 14

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 14

Search Strategies on Behavioral Characteristics and Cigarette Use

PubMed

((Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND ((cigarette*[Title/Abstract]) OR (cigarette*[Text Word])) OR cigarette smoking[MeSH Terms]) AND

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

((Tobacco Use Disorder[MeSH Terms]) OR (substance use disorder[MeSH Terms]) OR (Smoking Cessation[MeSH Terms]) OR (Tobacco Use Cessation[MeSH Terms]))

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 34

Embase

1 Exp cigarette/ 2,893
2 limit 1 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 67
27 exp addiction/ or exp “drug dependence”/ or exp “smoking cessation”/ or exp “substance abuse”/ or exp “substance use”/ or exp “tobacco dependence”/ exp “smoking habit”/ or exp “cigarette smoking”/ or exp vaping/ 804,557
28 limit 27 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 10,395
29 2 and 28 51

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 51

MEDLINE

1 exp “tobacco products”/ and cigarette*.mp. 4,560
2 limit 1 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 49
17 exp “Tobacco Use Disorder”/ or exp “Tobacco Use Cessation”/ or exp “Tobacco Smoking”/ or exp “Smoking Reduction”/ or exp “Smoking Cessation”/ or exp smokers/ or exp “ex-smokers”/ or exp “drinking behavior”/ or exp vaping/ 118,405
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
18 limit 17 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 1265
19 2 and 18 27

Limit: Humans

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 27

E-Cigarettes

Search Strategies for E-Cigarette Keywords

PubMed

Vaping[MeSH Terms] OR “Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems”[MeSH Terms]

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 73

Updated results from June 2021—4 additional references

Embase

3 exp electronic cigarette/ or exp vaping/ 9,144
4 limit 3 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 218

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 218

Updated results from June 2021

6 exp electronic cigarette/ or exp vaping/ 9,548
7 Limit 6 to (human and yr=”2021-Current” and “Review”) 92

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Limit: 2021–Current

Limit: Reviews

Results: 92

MEDLINE

3 exp “Electronic nicotine delivery systems”/ 4,280
4 limit 3 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 68

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 68

Updated results from June 2021

5 exp “Electronic nicotine delivery systems”/ 4,747
6 Limit 5 to (human and yr=”2021-Current” and “systematic review”) 12

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2021–Current

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 12

Search Strategies for the Health Effects of E-Cigarettes

PubMed

((Vaping[MeSH Terms]) OR (“Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems”[MeSH Terms])) AND (Cardiovascular System[MeSH Terms] OR Tobacco Smoke Pollution[MeSH Terms] OR neoplasms[MeSH Terms] OR nicotine[MeSH Terms] OR Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons[MeSH Terms] OR Nitrosamines[MeSH Terms] OR Volatile Organic Compounds[MeSH Terms] OR skin diseases[MeSH Terms] OR Respiratory System[MeSH Terms])

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 22

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Embase

3 exp electronic cigarette/ or exp vaping/ 9,144
4 limit 3 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 218
10 exp carcinogen/ or exp “cardiovascular system”/ or exp inhalation/ or exp “Malignant neoplasm”/ or exp Nicotine/ or exp Nitrosamine/ or exp “passive smoking”/ or exp “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon”/ or exp “respiratory system”/ or exp “respiratory tract disease”/ or exp smoke/ or exp “tobacco dependence”/ or exp “tobacco smoke”/ or exp “toxic inhalation”/ or exp “Volatile Organic Compound”/ or exp “Electronic cigarette vapor”/ 7,225,692
11 limit 10 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 69,064
12 4 and 11 147

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 147

MEDLINE

3 exp “Electronic nicotine delivery systems”/ 4,280
4 limit 3 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 68
7 exp “behavior, addictive”/ or exp carcinogens/ or exp “Cardiovascular System”/ or exp “Drinking Behavior”/ or exp “Environmental Exposure”/ or exp Inhalation/ or exp “Inhalation Exposure”/ or exp neoplasms/ or exp nicotine/ or exp Nitrosamines/ or exp “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons”/ or exp “Substance-Related Disorders”/ or exp “Tobacco Smoke Pollution”/ or exp “Volatile Organic Compounds”/ 5,632,761
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
8 limit 7 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 24,368
10 4 and 8 25

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 25

Search Strategies for Vulnerable Populations and E-Cigarette Use

PubMed

Vaping[MeSH Terms] OR “Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems”[MeSH Terms] AND ((adolescent[MeSH Terms]) OR (child[MeSH Terms]) OR (minority groups[MeSH Terms]) OR (socioeconomic factors[MeSH Terms]) OR (pregnancy[MeSH Terms]) OR (reproduction[MeSH Terms]) OR (Disabled Persons[MeSH Terms]) OR (Mental Disorders[MeSH Terms]) OR (Sexual and Gender Minorities[MeSH Terms]) OR (Homosexuality[MeSH Terms]) OR (Bisexuality[MeSH Terms]))

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 25

Embase

3 exp electronic cigarette/ or exp vaping/ 9,144
4 limit 3 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 218
16 exp bisexuality/ or exp demography/ or exp disability/ or exp “disabled person”/ or exp “educational status”/ or exp “ethnic group”/ or exp “ethnic or racial aspects’”/ or exp homosexuality/ or exp “mental disease”/ or exp “mental health”/ or exp “minority group”/ or exp “sexual and gender minority”/ or exp “social status”/ or exp “socioeconomics”/ or exp transgender/ 3,341,522
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
17 limit 16 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 50,592
19 limit 17 to (embryo <first trimester> or infant <to one year> or child <unspecified age> or preschool child <1 to 6 years> or school child <7 to 12 years> or adolescent <13 to 17 years>) 5,258
21 exp child/ or exp adolescent/ or exp pregnancy/ 3,789,956
22 limit 21 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010-current”) 24,391
24 17 and 22 68,303
25 4 and 24 95

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 95

MEDLINE

3 exp “Electronic nicotine delivery systems”/ 4,280
4 limit 3 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 68
12 exp Adolescent/ or exp child/ or exp “ethnic groups”/ or exp Bisexuality/ or exp homosexuality/ or exp demography/ or exp “disabled persons”/ or exp “Socioeconomic Factors”/ or exp “Ex-Smokers”/ or exp “Minority Groups”/ or exp minors/ or exp “Psychological Distance”/ or exp “Sexual and Gender Minorities”/ or exp Smokers/ or exp “Social Class”/ or exp “Vulnerable Populations”/ 4,616,504
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
13 limit 12 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 35,195
15 4 and 13 23

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 23

Search Strategies for Behavioral Characteristics and E-Cigarette Use

PubMed

Vaping[MeSH Terms] OR “Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems”[MeSH Terms] AND ((Tobacco Use Disorder[MeSH Terms]) OR (substance use disorder[MeSH Terms]) OR (Smoking Cessation[MeSH Terms]) OR (Tobacco Use Cessation[MeSH Terms]))

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 36

Embase

3 exp electronic cigarette/ or exp vaping/ 9,144
4 limit 3 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 218
27 exp addiction/ or exp “drug dependence”/ or exp “smoking cessation”/ or exp “substance abuse”/ or exp “substance use”/ or exp “tobacco dependence”/ exp “smoking habit”/ or exp “cigarette smoking”/ or exp vaping/ 804,557
28 limit 27 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 10,395
30 4 and 28 187

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 187

MEDLINE

3 exp “Electronic nicotine delivery systems”/ 4,280
4 limit 3 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 68
17 exp “Tobacco Use Disorder”/ or exp “Tobacco Use Cessation”/ or exp “Tobacco Smoking”/ or exp “Smoking Reduction”/ or exp “Smoking Cessation”/ or exp smokers/ or exp “ex-smokers”/ or exp “drinking behavior”/ or exp vaping/ 118,405
18 limit 17 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 1,265
20 4 and 18 43

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 43

Smokeless Tobacco

Search Strategies for Smokeless Tobacco Keywords

PubMed

(tobacco, smokeless[MeSH Terms]) OR ((tobacco use[MeSH Terms]) AND ((smokeless[Text Word]) OR (chewing[Text Word]))

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 38

Embase

5 exp smokeless tobacco/ 5,433
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
6 limit 5 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 94

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 94

Updated results from June 2021

8 exp smokeless tobacco/ 5,484
9 Limit 8 to (human and yr=”2021-Current” and “Review”) 15

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2021–Current

Limit: Reviews

Results: 15

MEDLINE

5 exp “smokeless tobacco”/ 3,767
6 limit 5 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 35

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 35

Updated results from June 2021

7 exp smokeless tobacco/ 3,810
8 Limit 7 to (human and yr=”2021-Current” and “systematic review”) 1

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2021–Current

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 1

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Search Strategies for Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco

PubMed

(tobacco, smokeless[MeSH Terms]) OR ((tobacco use[MeSH Terms]) AND ((smokeless[Text Word]) OR (chewing[Text Word])) AND (Cardiovascular System[MeSH Terms] OR Tobacco Smoke Pollution[MeSH Terms] OR neoplasms[MeSH Terms] OR nicotine[MeSH Terms] OR Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons[MeSH Terms] OR Nitrosamines[MeSH Terms] OR Volatile Organic Compounds[MeSH Terms] OR skin diseases[MeSH Terms] OR Respiratory System[MeSH Terms])

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 17

Embase

5 exp smokeless tobacco/ 5,433
6 limit 5 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 94
13 exp carcinogen/ or exp “cardiovascular system”/ or exp inhalation/ or exp “Malignant neoplasm”/ or exp Nicotine/ or exp Nitrosamine/ or exp “passive smoking”/ or exp “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon”/ or exp “respiratory system”/ or exp “respiratory tract disease”/ or exp smoke/ or exp “tobacco dependence”/ or exp “tobacco smoke”/ or exp “toxic inhalation”/ or exp “Volatile Organic Compound”/ 7,225,669
14 limit 13 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 69,062
15 6 and 14 55

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 55

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

MEDLINE

5 exp “smokeless tobacco”/ 3,767
6 limit 5 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 35
7 exp “behavior, addictive”/ or exp carcinogens/ or exp “Cardiovascular System”/ or exp “Drinking Behavior”/ or exp “Environmental Exposure”/ or exp Inhalation/ or exp “Inhalation Exposure”/ or exp neoplasms/ or exp nicotine/ or exp Nitrosamines/ or exp “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons”/ or exp “Substance-Related Disorders”/ or exp “Tobacco Smoke Pollution”/ or exp “Volatile Organic Compounds”/ 5,632,761
8 limit 7 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 24,368
11 6 and 8 21

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 21

Search Strategies for Vulnerable Populations and Smokeless Tobacco Use

PubMed

(tobacco, smokeless[MeSH Terms]) OR ((tobacco use[MeSH Terms]) AND ((smokeless[Text Word]) OR (chewing[Text Word])) AND ((adolescent[MeSH Terms]) OR (child[MeSH Terms]) OR (minority groups[MeSH Terms]) OR (socioeconomic factors[MeSH Terms]) OR (pregnancy[MeSH Terms]) OR (reproduction[MeSH Terms]) OR (Disabled Persons[MeSH Terms]) OR (Mental Disorders[MeSH Terms]) OR (Sexual and Gender Minorities[MeSH Terms]) OR (Homosexuality[MeSH Terms]) OR (Bisexuality[MeSH Terms]))

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 14

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Embase

5 exp smokeless tobacco/ 5,433
6 limit 5 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 94
16 exp bisexuality/ or exp demography/ or exp disability/ or exp “disabled person”/ or exp “educational status”/ or exp “ethnic group”/ or exp “ethnic or racial aspects’”/ or exp homosexuality/ or exp “mental disease”/ or exp “mental health”/ or exp “minority group”/ or exp “sexual and gender minority”/ or exp “social status”/ or exp “socioeconomics”/ or exp transgender/ 3,341,522
17 limit 16 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 50,592
19 limit 17 to (embryo <first trimester> or infant <to one year> or child <unspecified age> or preschool child <1 to 6 years> or school child <7 to 12 years> or adolescent <13 to 17 years>) 5,258
21 exp child/ or exp adolescent/ or exp pregnancy/ 3,789,956
22 limit 21 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010-current”) 24,391
24 17 and 22 68,303
26 6 and 24 33

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 33

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

MEDLINE

5 exp “smokeless tobacco”/ 3,767
6 limit 5 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 35
12 exp Adolescent/ or exp child/ or exp “ethnic groups”/ or exp Bisexuality/ or exp homosexuality/ or exp demography/ or exp “disabled persons”/ or exp “Socioeconomic Factors”/ or exp “Ex-Smokers”/ or exp “Minority Groups”/ or exp minors/ or exp “Psychological Distance”/ or exp “Sexual and Gender Minorities”/ or exp Smokers/ or exp “Social Class”/ or exp “Vulnerable Populations”/ 4,616,504
13 limit 12 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 35,195
16 6 and 13 13

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 13

Search Strategies for Behavioral Characteristics and Smokeless Tobacco Use

PubMed

(tobacco, smokeless[MeSH Terms]) OR ((tobacco use[MeSH Terms]) AND ((smokeless[Text Word]) OR (chewing[Text Word])) AND ((Tobacco Use Disorder[MeSH Terms]) OR (substance use disorder[MeSH Terms]) OR (Smoking Cessation[MeSH Terms]) OR (Tobacco Use Cessation[MeSH Terms]))

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 16

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Embase

5 exp smokeless tobacco/ 5,433
6 limit 5 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 94
27 exp addiction/ or exp “drug dependence”/ or exp “smoking cessation”/ or exp “substance abuse”/ or exp “substance use”/ or exp “tobacco dependence”/ exp “smoking habit”/ or exp “cigarette smoking”/ or exp vaping/ 804,557
28 limit 27 to (human and english language and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 -Current”) 10,395
31 6 and 28 68

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 68

MEDLINE

5 exp “smokeless tobacco”/ 3,767
6 limit 5 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 35
17 exp “Tobacco Use Disorder”/ or exp “Tobacco Use Cessation”/ or exp “Tobacco Smoking”/ or exp “Smoking Reduction”/ or exp “Smoking Cessation”/ or exp smokers/ or exp “ex-smokers”/ or exp “drinking behavior”/ or exp vaping/ 118,405
18 limit 17 to (english language and humans and yr=”2010 -Current” and “systematic review”) 1,265
21 6 and 18 15

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 15

Cigarillos and Other Small Cigars

Search Strategies for Small Cigar Keywords

PubMed

(Tobacco Products[MeSH Terms]) AND ((cigarillo*[Title/Abstract]) OR (cigarillo*[Text Word]))

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 2

Embase

1 Exp tobacco/ Many
2 Cigarillo.mp 133
3 1 and 2 60
4 Limit 3 to (human and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 – 2021”) 0
5 Limit 3 to (human and yr=”2010-Current) 51
6 “small cigar*”.mp. 33
7 Limit 6 to (human and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 – 2021”) 26
8 (“filtered cigar*” NOT “cigarette.mp. 19
9 Limit 8 to (human and “systematic review” and yr=”2010 – 2021”) 7

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Review

Results: 84

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

MEDLINE

1 exp “tobacco products”/ and cigarillo*.mp. 37
2 limit 1 to (humans and yr=”2010-current”) 25
3 “small cigar*”.mp. 32
4 limit 3 to (humans and yr=”2010-current”) 20
5 (“filtered cigar*” NOT “cigarette”).mp. 33
6 limit 5 to (humans and yr=”2010-current”) 9

Limit: Humans

Limit: English

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Systematic Reviews

Results: 54

Agricola

1 Cigarillo.mp. 3

Results: 3

Select Searches of Specific Journals: Journal of Consumer Research; Food and Cosmetics Toxicology/Food and Chemical Toxicology; Contributions to Tobacco & Nicotine Research/Contributions to Tobacco Research; Consumer Reports

These journals were searched for additional content on the use of “premium” in consumer products, and for additional content on cigars/premium cigars.

Scopus

Query Results Notes
SOURCE-ID ( 22899 ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ( premium ) 8 Search in Scopus for relevant articles in the Journal of Consumer Research.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×
SOURCE-ID ( 22899 ) AND ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( premium ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( status ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( luxury ) ) 40 Additional search in Scopus for relevant articles in the Journal of Consumer Research.
(TITLE-ABS-KEY(premium) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(“premium products”)) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(consumer behavior) AND PUBYEAR AFT 2010 AND DOCTYPE(ar) AND LANGUAGE(english) 636
( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( premium ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “brand image” ) ) AND PUBYEAR > 2010 AND DOCTYPE ( ar ) AND LANGUAGE ( english ) AND NOT SRCID ( 22899 ) 40
SOURCE-ID ( 25096 ) 12,335 Search of Food and Chemical Toxicology.
SOURCE-ID ( 25096 ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigar” OR “cigars” ) 4
SOURCE-ID ( 33369 ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “cigar” OR “cigars” ) 1

Limit: 2011–Present

Limit: English language

Limit: Articles

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

PsychINFO

Query Results
noft(premium) OR noft(“premium products”) AND noft(“consumer behavior”) OR noft(“brand image”) 1,325
  • Applied subject filters to previous search: consumer behavior OR brand names OR marketing OR consumer attitudes OR brand preferences OR intention OR choice behavior OR preferences
726

Removed “brand image” from the previous searches—results 380 seem less germane

Limit: English language

Limit: 2010–Present

Limit: Journal Article; Peer-Reviewed

LexisNexis

Query Results
premium OR premiumization 2,131
(premium OR premiumization) AND NOT insurance 1,309
(premium OR premiumization) AND NOT insurance AND NOT (gas OR gasoline) 1,006

Limit: English

Limit: 2011–Present

PubMed

(0278-6915) AND ((“cigar”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“cigars”[Title/Abstract])) 4 Search of Food and Chemical Toxicology.

No limits applied due to low number of results.

REFERENCES

CRD (Center for Reviews and Dissemination). 2009. Systematic reviews: CRD’s guidance for undertaking reviews in health care. Layerthorpe, York: York Publishing Services.

Higgins, J. P. T., J. Thomas, J. Chandler, M. Cumpston, T. Li, M. Page, V, Welch, eds. 2021. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2. https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current (accessed October 20, 2021).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2011. Finding what works in health care: Standards for systematic reviews. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2012. Adverse effects of vaccines: Evidence and causality. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2016. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2014. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2017. The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

NASEM. 2018. Public health consequences of e-cigarettes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

NRC (National Research Council). 2014. Review of EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) process. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

OHAT (Office of Health Assessment and Translation). 2019. Handbook for conducting a literature-based health assessment using OHAT approach for systematic review and evidence integration. Durham, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

Whiting, P., J. Savović, J. P. T. Higgins, D. M. Caldwell, B. C. Reeves, B. Shea, P. Davies, J. Kleijnen, R. Churchill, and ROBIS Group. 2016. ROBIS: A new tool to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews was developed. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 69:225–234.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Overview of Literature Search." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26421.
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Next: Appendix C: Cross-Sectional Patterns of Cigar Use by Type in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health »
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The early to mid-1990s saw a large surge in U.S. cigar consumption, including premium cigars. Based on recent import data, premium cigar use may be increasing, though they currently make up a small percent of the total U.S. cigar market. Premium cigars have also been the subject of legal and regulatory efforts for the past decade. In 1998, the National Cancer Institute undertook a comprehensive review of available knowledge about cigars - the only one to date. The resulting research recommendations have largely not been addressed, and many of the identified information gaps persist. Furthermore, there is no single, consistent definition of premium cigars, making research challenging.

In response, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee of experts to address this issue. The resulting report, Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects, includes 13 findings, 24 conclusions, and nine priority research recommendations and assesses the state of evidence on premium cigar characteristics, current patterns of use, marketing and perceptions of the product, and short- long-term health effects.

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