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Readings and Resources
Economic Perspectives Framing the Problem
Baicker, K. 2021. Trade-offs in public health insurance design. JAMA Health Forum 2(1):e210030.
Baicker, K., and A. Chandra. 2010. Uncomfortable arithmetic—Whom to cover versus what to cover. New England Journal of Medicine 362(2):95–97.
Baicker, K., and A. Chandra. 2018. Challenges in understanding differences in health care spending between the United States and other high-income countries. JAMA 319(10):986–987.
Baicker, K., and A. Chandra. 2020. Do we spend too much on health care? New England Journal of Medicine 383(7):605–608.
Baicker, K., and A. Chandra. 2020. What values and priorities mean for health reform. New England Journal of Medicine 383(15):e89.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. 2020. National Health Expenditure Fact Sheet. https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/NHE-Fact-Sheet (accessed August 31, 2022).
Commonwealth Fund Task Force on Payment and Delivery System Reform. 2020. Six policy imperatives to improve quality, advance equity, and increase affordability. The Commonwealth Fund. https://doi.org/10.26099/7mvb-m252.
Cutler, D. 2004. Your money or your life: Strong medicine for America’s healthcare system. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Evans, W. N., S. Kroeger, E. L. Munnich, G. Ortuzar, and K. L. Wagner. 2021. Reducing readmissions by addressing the social determinants of health. American Journal of Health Economics 7(1):1–40.
Hughes-Cromwick, P., G. Miller, and A. Turner. 2020. Recovering the opportunity cost of excess prices. American Journal of Public Health 110(12):1751–1752.
Kindig, D., and M. Chowkwanyun. 2020. Why did cross-national divergences in life expectancy and health care expenditures both appear in the 1980s? American Journal of Public Health 110(12):1741–1742.
Magnan, S., M. Gold, and G. Isham. 2020. Healthier people: Setting targets for life expectancy and health care expenditures. American Journal of Public Health 110(12):1733–1734.
Magnan, S., and S. M. Teutsch. 2020. Changing the public’s health story: Reducing wasteful medical care spending—Introduction to the special AIPH section. American Journal of Public Health 110(12):1731–1732.
McCullough, J. C., F. J. Zimmerman, J. E. Fielding, and S. M. Teutsch. 2012. A health dividend for America: The opportunity cost of excess medical expenditures. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 43(6):650–654.
Milstein, B., and J. Fielding. 2020. Commonsense questions to move beyond health care at all costs. American Journal of Public Health 110(12):1758–1759.
Niederdeppe, J., and S. E. Gollust. 2020. Excess medical care spending: An opportunity but a communication challenge. American Journal of Public Health 110(12):1753–1754.
Schneider E. C., D. O. Sarnak, D. Squires, and A. Shah. 2017. Mirror, mirror 2017: International comparison reflects flaws and opportunities for better U.S. health care. The Commonwealth Fund. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2017/jul/mirror-mirror-2017-international-comparison-reflects-flaws-and (accessed August 31, 2022).
Speer, M., J. M. McCullough, J. E. Fielding, E. Faustino, and S. M. Teutsch. 2020. Excess medical care spending: The categories, magnitude, and opportunity costs of wasteful spending in the United States. American Journal of Public Health 110(12):1743–1748.
Tran L. D., Zimmerman F.J., Felding J.E. 2017. Public health and the economy could be served by reallocating medical expenditures to social programs. SSM–Population Health 3:185–191.
Innovation to Bend the Spending Curve
Alley, D., S. Carrucciu, and P. Lapin. 2021. Geographic direct contracting: A powerful opportunity for population health. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Blog. https://wayback.archive-it.org/2744/20210120144128/https://www.cms.gov/blog/geographic-direct-contracting-powerful-opportunity-population-health (accessed August 31, 2022).
Block, R. and K. Lane. 2021. Seeking affordability and transparency, five states join the Peterson-Milbank Program for sustainable health care costs. The Milbank Blog. https://www.milbank.org/2021/03/seeking-affordability-and-transparency-five-states-join-the-peterson-milbank-program-for-sustainable-health-care-costs/ (accessed August 31, 2022).
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. 2020. CHART (Community Health Access and Rural Transformation) Model. https://innovation.cms.gov/innovation-models/chart-model.
Ciarametaro, M., K. Houghton, D. Wamble, and R. Dubois. 2021. The dollar or disease burden: Caps on healthcare spending may save money, but at what “cost” to patients? Value in Health 24(3):388–396.
Davidson, C. 2017. Bringing community development and health groups together. Economy Matters, November 16. https://www.atlantafed.org/economy-matters/community-and-economic-development/2017/11/16/bringing-community-development-and-heath-groups-together (accessed August 31, 2022).
McConnell, K. J., S. Renfro, R. C. Lindrooth, D. J. Cohen, N. T. Wallace, M. E. Chernew. 2017. Oregon’s Medicaid reform and transition to global budgets were associated with reductions in expenditures. Health Affairs (Millwood) 36:451–459.
Milbank Memorial Fund. 2021. Health care costs growth target values. https://www.milbank.org/focus-areas/total-cost-of-care/health-care-cost-growth-benchmarks-by-state (accessed August 31, 2022).
Milbank Memorial Fund. 2021. Peterson-Milbank Program for Sustainable Health Care Costs. https://www.milbank.org/focus-areas/total-cost-of-care/peterson-milbank (accessed August 31, 2022).
Mitton, C., and F. J. Dionne. 2020. Priority setting and resource allocation in the U.S. health system: Is there a place for hard caps? Journal of Health Organization and Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-01-2020-0016.
Murray, R., S. F. Delbanco, and J. S. King. 2021. How can state legislation promote value in health care? Three innovative models. Health Affairs Blog. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20201222.609656/full (accessed August 31, 2022).
Pearson, E., and A. Frakt. 2020. Health care cost benchmarks in 5 states. JAMA 324(6):537–538.
Plott, C., H. Munroe, J. Ahmad, A. Horstman, J. M. Sharfstein, and R. L. J. Thornton. 2021. Measuring hospital contributions to community health with a focus on equity: Response to comments. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins. https://americanhealth.jhu.edu/sites/default/files/2021-02/Response%20to%20Comments_IBM%20Watson.pdf (accessed August 31, 2022).
Sharfstein, J. M. 2016. Global budgets for rural hospitals. The Milbank Quarterly 94(2):255–259.
Sharfstein, J. M., S. Gerovich, and D. Chin. 2017. Global budgets for safety-net hospitals. JAMA 318(18):1759–1760.
Smith, P. C., and R. Busse. 2010. Learning from the European experience of using targets to improve population health. Preventing Chronic Disease. 7(5):A102.
Song, Z., Y. Ji., D. G. Safran, and M. E. Chernew. 2019. Health care spending, utilization and quality 8 years into global payment. New England Journal of Medicine 381:252–263.
Verma, S. 2021. Social determinants of health blog. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. https://wayback.archive-it.org/2744/20210120144036/https:/www.cms.gov/blog/social-determinants-health-blog (accessed August 31, 2022).
Waugh, L,. and D. McCarthy. 2020. How the Massachusetts health policy commission is fostering a statewide commitment to contain healthcare spending growth. The Commonwealth Fund. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/Waugh_Massachusetts_hlt_policy_comm_cs.pdf (accessed August 31, 2022).
Framing and Shifting the Narrative of Health in the United States
Adams, J. M., and J. S. Wright. 2020. A national commitment to improve the care of patients with hypertension in the U.S. JAMA 324(18):1825–1826.
Berenson, R., J. S. King, K. L. Gudiksen, R. Murray, A. Shartzer. 2020. Addressing health care market consolidation and high prices. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
Blendon, R. J., J. M. Benson, and E. C. Schneider. 2021. The future of health policy in a partisan United States: Insights from public opinion polls. JAMA 325(13):1253–1254.
Cutler, D. 2021. Building health care better means reining in costs. JAMA Health Forum 2(1):e210117.
Hughes, D. L., and P. D. Meadows. 2020. Reducing medical waste to improve equity in care. American Journal of Public Health 110(12):1749–1750.
Institute of Medicine. 2012. For the public’s health: Investing in a healthier future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Institute of Medicine. 2013. Best care at lower cost: The path to continuously learning health care in America. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Jones D. K., and C. Pagel. 2020. Bilateral approaches to tackling health care costs at the state level. Milbank Memorial Fund. https://www.milbank.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Milbank_Jones-Pagel-MMF-report_v5.pdf (accessed August 31, 2022).
Jones, J. M., and M. Brenan. 2020. Americans’ satisfaction with health costs at new high. Gallup News, December 14. https://news.gallup.com/poll/327686/americans-satisfaction-health-costs-new-high.aspx (accessed August 31, 2022).
McCullough, J. M., M. Speer, S. Magnan, J. E. Fielding, D. Kindig, and S. M. Teutsch. 2020. Reduction in U.S. health care spending required to meet the Institute of Medicine’s 2030 target. American Journal of Public Health 110(12):1735–1740.
McIntyre, A., R. J. Blendon, J. M. Benson, M. G. Findling, and E. C. Schneider. 2020. The Affordable Care Act’s missing consensus: Values, attitudes, and experiences associated with competing health reform preferences. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 45(5):729–755.
Montez, J. K. 2020. U.S. state polarization, policymaking power, and population health. The Milbank Quarterly 98(4):1033–1052.
Niederdeppe, J., and S. E. Gollust. 2020. Excess medical care spending: An opportunity but a communication challenge. American Journal of Public Health 110:1753–1754.
Rubin, J., J. Taylor, J. Krapels, A. Sutherland, M. F. Felician, J. L. Liu, L. M. Davis, and C. Rohr. 2016. Are better health outcomes related to social expenditure? A cross-national empirical analysis of social expenditure and population health measures. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
Tikkanen, R. S., and E. C. Schneider. 2020. Social spending to improve population health—Does the United States spend as wisely as other countries? New England Journal of Medicine 382(10):885–887.
Zimmerman, F. J. 2020. Less health care, more health: The inverse U of medical spending and health in the United States. American Journal of Public Health 110(12):1755–1757.
Research Priorities
Casper, T. and D. A. Kindig. 2012. Are community level financial data adequate to assess population health investments? Preventing Chronic Disease 9:120066.
Fisher, E. S. 2020. Reforming health care: The single system solution. NEJM Catalyst 1(5).
Frakt, A. B., A. K. Jha, and S. Glied. 2020. Pivoting from decomposing correlates to developing solutions: An evidence-based agenda to address drivers of health. Health Services Research 55(S2):781–786.
Glied, S. and H. Levy. 2020. The potential effects of coronavirus on national health expenditures. JAMA 323(20):2001–2002.
Kindig, D. A. and B. Milstein. 2018. A balanced investment portfolio for equitable health and well-being is an imperative and within reach. Health Affairs (Millwood) 37(4):579–584.
Macaulay, B., M. J. Roy, C. Donaldson, S. Teasdale, and A. Kay. 2017. Conceptualizing the health and well-being impacts of social enterprise: A UK-based study. Health Promotion International 33(5):748–759.
Milstein, B., and J. Homer. 2020. Which priorities for health and well-being stand out after accounting for tangled threats and costs? Simulating potential intervention portfolios in large urban counties. The Milbank Quarterly 98(2):372–398.
Nichols, L.M., and L.A. Taylor. 2018. A new way of solving an old problem: underinvestment in social determinants of health. In Pay For Success, Urban Institute. https://pfs.urban.org/pay-success/pfs-perspectives/new-way-solving-old-problem-underinvestment-social-determinants-health (accessed February 24, 2021).
Nichols, L.M., and L.A. Taylor. 2018. Social determinants as public goods: A new approach to financing key investments in healthy communities. 2018. Health Affairs 37(8):1223–1230.
Rhyan, C. A. Turner, and G. Miller. 2020. Tracking the U.S. health sector: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Business Economist Nov 9:1–12.
Rolfe, S., L. Garnham, J. Godwin, I. Anderson, P. Seaman, and C. Donaldson. 2020. Housing as a social determinant of health and wellbeing: Developing an empirically-informed realist theoretical framework. BMC Public Health 20(1):1138.
Seixas, B. V., F. Dionne, and C. Mitton. 2021. Practices of decision making in priority setting and resource allocation: A scoping review and narrative synthesis of existing frameworks. Health Economics Review 11(1):2.
Tikkanen, R. S. and E. C. Schneider. 2020. Social spending to improve population health–Does the United States spend as wisely as other countries? New England Journal of Medicine 382:885–887.
Walker, S., S. Griffin, M. Asaria, A. Tsuchiya, and M. Sculpher. 2019. Striving for a societal perspective: A framework for economic evaluations when costs and effects fall on multiple sectors and decision makers. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 17(5):577–590.
Yang F., C. Angus, A. Duarte, D. Gillespie, S. Walker, and S. Griffin. 2020. Impact of socioeconomic differences on distributional cost-effectiveness analysis. Med Decision Making: An International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making 40(5):606–618.
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