Appendix C
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ADS | accelerator-driven system |
AEC | Atomic Energy Commission |
AFC | Advanced Fuels Campaign |
AFCI | Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative |
AGR | advanced gas reactor |
AIP | American Institute of Physics |
AIROX | Atomics International Reduction Oxidation |
ALWR | advanced light water reactor |
ANDRA | National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (L’Agence Nationale pour la gestion des Déchets RadioActifs) (France) |
ANL | Argonne National Laboratory |
ANS | American Nuclear Society |
ANSI | American National Standards Institute |
ARC | Advanced Reactor Concept |
ARDP | Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program |
ARPA-E | Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy |
ARS | advanced reactor safeguards |
ASTRID | Advanced Sodium Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration |
ATF | accident-tolerant fuel |
ATR | Advanced Test Reactor |
AVR | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor (Joint Working Group Experimental Reactor) (Germany) |
AVR-TLK | dry storage canister (Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe) (Germany) |
B205 | Alternative name for Magnox Reprocessing Plant at Sellafield (United Kingdom) |
BANR | BWXT Advanced Nuclear Reactor |
BCG | Boston Consulting Group |
BISO | bistructural isotropic particle fuel |
BN | fast sodium (reactor) (БН - Быстрый Натриевый) (in Russian abbreviations) |
BNFL | British Nuclear Fuels Limited |
BNL | Brookhaven National Laboratory |
BRC | 2012 Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future |
BREST-OD | Lead-cooled fast reactor—Experimental Demonstration (БРЕСТ-ОД–Быстрый Реактор Естественной безопасности со Свинцовым Теплоносителем—Опытно-Демонстрационный (in Russian abbreviations) |
BWR | boiling water reactor |
BWXT | Originally Babcock and Wilcox Technologies |
C/S | containment and surveillance |
CANDU | Canadian Deuterium Uranium |
CARBOWASTE | European Commission’s Carbonaceous Waste program |
CB&I | CB&I Areva MOX Services, LLC, in 2002, now MOX Services, LLC, formerly known as Chicago Bridge and Ironworks |
CBO | U.S. Congressional Budget Office |
CEA | Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives) (France) |
CEFR | China Experimental Fast Reactor |
CFR | United States Code of Federal Regulations |
CIGEO | Industrial Centre for Geological Disposal (Centre Industriel de Stockage GEOlogique) (France) |
CNSC | Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission |
COEX™ | Co-extraction of uranium and plutonium |
CORAIL | fuel assembly design contains both LEU and MOX rods (COmbustible Recyclage A ILot) (France) |
CPF | chemical process facility |
CPP | chemical processing plant |
CPPNM | 1979 Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (international treaty) and the 2005 Amendment |
CR | conversion ratio |
CRBR | Clinch River Breeder Reactor |
CRS | Congressional Research Service |
CSA | comprehensive safeguard agreement |
CTR | CarboThermic Reduction |
CTR-N | CarboThermic Reduction of uranium oxide followed by Nitridation (synthesis) |
D&D | decontamination and decommissioning |
DA | destructive analysis |
DBT | design basis threat |
DECON | decontamination (and dismantling) (decommissioning strategy) |
DIAMEX | diamide extraction |
DNFSB | Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board |
DNN | Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation (within the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration) |
DOC | U.S. Department of Commerce |
DOD | U.S. Department of Defense |
DOE | U.S. Department of Energy |
DOE-NE | U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy |
DOS | U.S. Department of State |
dpa | displacements per atom |
EBR | experimental breeder reactor |
EC | European Commission |
EDF | Électricité de France, electric utility company |
EFL | Eligible Facilities List |
EG | evaluation group (of fuel cycle) |
Eh | reduction-oxidation (redox) potential versus the standard hydrogen electrode |
EIA | U.S. Energy Information Administration |
EIS | Environmental Impact Statement |
EMT | electrometallurgical treatment |
ENTOMB | radioactive elements are entombed on site, such as with concrete (decommissioning strategy) |
EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
EPACT | Energy Policy Act of 2005 |
EPR | European Pressurized Water Reactor |
EPRI | Electric Power Research Institute |
ESA | European Supply Agency |
EU | enriched uranium |
eV | electron volt |
EXAm | EXtraction (recovery) of Americium (process) |
FBR | fast breeder reactor |
FBR-MOX | fast breeder reactor-mixed oxide |
FCCI | fuel-cladding chemical interaction |
FFH | fusion-fission hybrids |
FFTF | Fast Flux Test Facility |
FHR | fluoride-cooled high-temperature reactor |
fima | fissions per initial metal atom |
FLiBe | lithium fluoride (LiF) and beryllium fluoride (BeF), includes 2LiF-BeF2 and 7Li2BeF4 |
FONSI | Finding of No Significant Impact |
FP | fission product |
FR | fast reactor |
FR-MOX | fast reactor-mixed oxide (fuel) |
FSV | Fort St. Vrain (reactor site) |
FY | fiscal year |
GA | General Atomics |
GAIN | Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear |
GANEX | Grouped ActiNide EXtraction (process) |
GAO | U.S. Government Accountability Office |
GE | General Electric |
GEH | General Electric Hitachi |
GFR | gas-cooled fast reactor |
GIF | Generation-IV International Forum |
GMODS | Glass Material Oxidation and Dissolution System |
GNEP | Global Nuclear Energy Partnership |
GRAPA | GRAphite Processing Approaches |
GSG | IAEA’s General Safety Guide |
GTCC | Greater than Class C |
GWd | gigawatt-day |
GWe | gigawatt electrical |
Gy | gray |
H-D-N | hydride-dehydride-nitride (synthesis) |
HAC | hypothetical accident conditions |
HALEU | high-assay low-enriched uranium |
HDND | high-dose neutron detector |
HEPA | high efficiency particulate air (filter) |
HEU | highly enriched uranium |
HI-STORE | Holtec International-Storage (Consolidated Interim Storage Facility) |
HLRW | high-level radioactive waste |
HLW | high-level (radioactive) waste |
HM | heavy metal |
HT | high tensile (steel coding) |
HTGR | high-temperature gas-cooled reactor |
HTR | high-temperature (gas-cooled) reactor |
HTR-PM | high-temperature (gas-cooled) reactor—pebble-bed modular |
I-NERI | International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative |
IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |
IFR | Integral Fast Reactor |
ILW | intermediate-level waste |
IMMONET | IAEA repository for data and reports for irradiated graphite (knowledge network) |
IMSR | integral molten salt reactor |
INEPC | Office of International Nuclear Energy Policy and Cooperation (within the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy) |
INFCIRC | International Atomic Energy Agency’s Information Circular (news communication) |
INL | Idaho National Laboratory |
INS | Office of International Nuclear Safeguards (within the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration) |
IPFM | International Panel on Fissile Materials |
iPWR | integral pressurized water reactor |
IPyC | internal pyrolytic carbon |
ISFSI | Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation |
J | joule |
JAEA | Japan Atomic Energy Agency |
JCO | Japan Consulting Office, formerly Japan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Co. |
JNFL | Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited |
KAERI | Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute |
KBS | nuclear fuel safety (kärnbränslesäkerhet) (Sweden) |
keff | effective neutron multiplication factor |
kgHM | kilogram heavy metal |
KP-FHR | Kairos Power Fluoride Salt-Cooled High Temperature Reactor |
KTH | Kungliga Tekniska högskolan (Royal Institute of Technology) (Sweden) |
ky | kilo years (1,000 years) |
LANL | Los Alamos National Laboratory |
LCC | liquid cadmium cathode |
LCOE | levelized cost of electricity |
LEU | low-enriched uranium |
LFR | lead-cooled fast reactor |
LFTR | liquid fluoride thorium reactor |
LLEA | local law enforcement agencies |
LLFP | long-lived fission products |
LLNL | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
LLRW | low-level radioactive waste |
LLW | low-level (radioactive) waste |
LWR | light water reactor |
LWT | legal weight truck (cask) |
M | mega (as in MCi = megacurie) |
m3 | cubic meters |
MA | minor actinides |
MC&A | material control and accounting |
MCFR | molten chloride fast reactor |
MCi | megacurie |
MCRE | Molten Chloride Reactor Experiment |
MeV | mega electron volt |
MFFF | MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility |
Mg | megagram |
MIGHTR | modular integrated gas-cooled high temperature reactor |
MIT | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
MOX | mixed oxide |
MOXEUS | Mixed OXide Enriched Uranium Support, also known as MIX (MIxed oXide [enriched uranium support]) |
MPACT | Materials Protection, Accounting, and Control Technologies (U.S. Department of Energy campaign) |
MRIE | maximum routine inspection effort |
MSR | molten salt reactor |
MSR-Cl | molten salt reactor—chloride |
MSR-F | molten salt reactor—fluoride |
MT | metric ton |
MTHM | metric tons heavy metal |
MTU | metric ton of uranium |
MTW | Honeywell Metropolis Works (conversion plant) |
MUF | material unaccounted for |
MWd | megawatt-day |
MWe | megawatts electric |
MWh | megawatt hour |
MWth | megawatts thermal |
n-stamp | nuclear qualified firm |
NAC | NAC International, Inc. (formerly Nuclear Assurance Corporation) |
NAE | National Academy of Engineering |
NAGRA | National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste (NAtionale Genossenschaft fuer die lagerung Radioaktiver Abfaella) (Switzerland) |
NASAP | U.S. Department of Energy’s Nonproliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Program |
NDA | nondestructive assay |
NEA-OECD | Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
NEAC | Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee |
NED | nuclear explosive device |
NEI | Nuclear Engineering International |
NEICA | Nuclear Energy Innovation Capabilities Act of 2017 |
NEIMA | Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act of 2019 |
NEM | nuclear-explosive material |
NEXT | New EXtraction system for TRU Recovery (process) |
NFCE&S | nuclear fuel cycle evaluation and screening |
NFWG | Nuclear Fuel Working Group |
NGSAM (red) | Next Generation Systems Analysis Model |
NHI | Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative |
NNL | National Nuclear Laboratory |
NNSA | National Nuclear Security Administration |
NPM | NuScale Power Module |
NPR | nuclear power reactor |
NPT | 1968 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons |
NUREG | Nuclear Regulatory Report (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission) |
NWPA | Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 |
NWTRB | Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board |
OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
ONWARDS | Optimizing Nuclear Waste and Advanced Reactor Disposal Systems (U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Project Agency-Energy program) |
OPyC | outer pyrolytic carbon |
ORNL | Oak Ridge National Laboratory |
OTA | Office of Technology Assessment |
OTC | once-through cycle |
P&T | partitioning and transmutation |
PBq | petabecquerel |
PBR | pebble-bed reactor |
pH | scale of acidity or alkalinity (base) (potenz hydrogen, respectively) |
PM | pebble-bed module |
PPE | personal protective equipment |
PRISM | Power Reactor Innovative Small Module |
PUREX | plutonium uranium reduction extraction |
PWR | pressurized water reactor |
PyC | pyrolytic carbon |
Q-brine | quinary salt mine brine |
R&D | research and development |
rad | radiation absorbed dose |
RE | reactive elements (Fe-10Cr-4Al-RE) |
rem | equivalent dose (Roentgen Equivalent Man [or human]) (predominantly United States) |
REMIX fuel | REgenerated MIXture of U-Pu oxides |
RIS | regulatory issue summaries (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission) |
RRP | Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant (Japan) |
RT | radiotoxicity |
S&T | separation and transmutation |
SAFSTOR | SAFe STORage deferred dismantling (decommissioning strategy) |
SANEX | Selective ActiNide Extraction |
SC-HGTR | Framatome’s Steam-Cooled High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor |
SCKCEN | StudieCentrum voor Kernenergie·Centre d’Etudes Nucléaire (Belgium) |
SCWR | supercritical water-cooled reactor |
SDO | standards developing organization |
SEALER | SwEdish Advanced LEad Reactor |
SECY | commission paper (SECretarY of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission) |
SFR | sodium-cooled fast reactor |
SISUS | Subgroup on IAEA Safeguards in the United States |
SMR | small modular reactor |
SNF/HLW | spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste |
SNL | Sandia National Laboratories |
SNM | special nuclear materials |
SQ | significant quantities (of special nuclear materials) |
SRS | Savannah River Site |
SSAC | State System of Accounting for and Control (of nuclear material) |
SSNM | strategic special nuclear materials |
SSR-W | stable salt reactor—wasteburner |
STATS report | acronym for separations technology and transmutation systems, the 1996 National Research Council report, Nuclear Wastes: Technologies for Separations and Transmutation |
SUBATECH | Subatomic Physics and Associated Technologies (Laboratoire de Physique SUBAtomique et des TECHnologies Associées) (France) |
Sv | Sieverts |
SVBR | Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactor (SVBR—Свинцово-Висмутовый Быстрый Реактор) (in Russian abbreviations) |
SWU | separative work unit |
t1/2 | half-life (of a radioactive substance) |
TALSPEAK | Trivalent Actinide Lanthanide Separation with Phosphorus-reagent Extraction from Aqueous Komplexes |
TBP | tributyl phosphate |
TBq | terabecquerel |
TECDOC | International Atomic Energy Agency’s TEChnical DOCument |
TENEX | uranium products supplier (Techsnabexport (Техснабэкспорт) (Russia) |
THORP | THermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant |
TRISO | TRistructural ISOtropic |
TRL | technical readiness level |
TRU | transuranic elements |
TRUEX | TRansUranium Extraction (process) |
U3O8 | triuranium octoxide |
UC | uranium carbide |
UCO | uranium oxycarbide |
Udep | depleted uranium |
UF6 | uranium hexafluoride |
UK | United Kingdom |
UN | United Nations |
UNF | used nuclear fuel |
UO2 | uranium dioxide |
UOX | uranium oxide |
Urep | reprocessed uranium |
UREX | uranium recovery by extraction |
U.S. NRC | U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
U.S.C. | United States Code of Law |
VHTR | very high-temperature reactor |
VOA | voluntary offer agreement |
VTR | versatile test reactor |
W/THM | watts per ton of heavy metal |
WIPP | Waste Isolation Pilot Plant |
WNA | World Nuclear Association |
WNN | World Nuclear News |
WTP | Waste Treatment Plant |
WVDP | West Valley Demonstration Project |