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Challenges in Federal Facility Control System Cyber Security, Including Level 0 and 1 Devices Joseph Weiss, PE, CISM, CRISC Managing Partner, Applied Control Solutions, LLC Prepared for the Federal Facilities Council CONTENTS Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Control Systems Defined ............................................................................................................................. 3 Culture and Education Gaps ........................................................................................................................ 4 Control Systems Cybersecurity .................................................................................................................... 7 Level 0 and Level 1 Device Issues ............................................................................................................... 8 Facility Control Systems Cybersecurity ...................................................................................................... 9 Facility Control System Cyber Vulnerabilities .......................................................................................... 11 Monitoring Raw Sensor Data and Condition: A Paradigm Change .......................................................... 13 Efforts to Address Control System Cybersecurity ...................................................................................... 14 Closing ....................................................................................................................................................... 14 References ................................................................................................................................................... 14 Appendix A: Glossary................................................................................................................................. 17 Appendix B: Presentations from the August 10, 2021, Workshop ............................................................. 20 Appendix C: Some First Steps to Operational Technology and Control System Security ........................ 69 This is not a publication of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.