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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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TOWARD A

POST-PANDEMIC WORLD

Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future

PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP

Elizabeth Ashby, Claire Biffl, and Megan Snair, Rapporteurs

Forum on Microbial Threats

Board on Global Health

Health and Medicine Division

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (1021631, 1022390), Johnson & Johnson (C2021020002), the New Venture Fund (NVF-NGDF-NAT10-Subgrant-013446-2021-01-01), the U.S. Agency for International Development (7200AA18GR00003), the U.S. Department of Defense (HU00012110002, HU00012210001), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (75A50119C00031, 200-2011-38807/75D30120F00084, 200-2011-38807/75D30121F00095, 1R13FD006897-01, HHSN263201800029I/HHSN26300011), the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (70RSAT21G 00000003/70RSAT21FR0000029), and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (64836C25020P1830, 36C24518D0171/36C25021N0648). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-68840-6
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-68840-X
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/26556

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Copyright 2022 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a post-pandemic world: Lessons from COVID-19 for now and the future: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26556.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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COMMITTEE ON TOWARD A POST-PANDEMIC WORLD: LESSONS FROM COVID-19 FOR NOW AND THE FUTURE1

ELIZABETH D. HERMSEN (Co-Chair), Head, Global Antimicrobial Stewardship and Health Equity in Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc.

RAFAEL OBREGON (Co-Chair), Country Representative, UNICEF Paraguay

WILLIAM K. HALLMAN, Department Chair, Professor, Department of Human Ecology, Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University

CHANDY C. JOHN, Director, Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine

KENT E. KESTER, Professor of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences School of Medicine

RIMA F. KHABBAZ, Director, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

KUMANAN RASANATHAN, Unit Head for Equity and Health, Department of Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization

STEPHEN J. THOMAS, Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Director, Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, State University of New York Upstate Medical University

MATTHEW ZAHN, Medical Director, Division of Epidemiology and Assessment, Orange County Health Care Agency (California)

National Academies Staff

JULIE LIAO, Director, Forum on Microbial Threats

ELIZABETH ASHBY, Associate Program Officer

CHARLES MINICUCCI, Research Assistant

CLAIRE BIFFL, Research Assistant

JUSTIN HAMMERBERG, Senior Program Assistant

JULIE PAVLIN, Senior Board Director

___________________

1 The planning committee’s role was limited to planning the workshop, and the Proceedings of a Workshop was prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop. Statements, recommendations, and opinions expressed are those of individual presenters and participants and are not necessarily endorsed or verified by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and they should not be construed as reflecting any group consensus.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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FORUM ON MICROBIAL THREATS1

PETER DASZAK (Chair), President, EcoHealth Alliance

KENT E. KESTER (Vice Chair), Professor of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences School of Medicine

RIMA F. KHABBAZ (Vice Chair), Director, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

EMILY ABRAHAM, Director, External Affairs and Policy, Global Public Health at Johnson & Johnson

KEVIN ANDERSON, Senior Program Manager, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security

CRISTINA CASSETTI, Deputy Division Director, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

ANDREW CLEMENTS, Senior Scientific Advisor, Emerging Threats Division, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development

SCOTT F. DOWELL, Deputy Director for Surveillance and Epidemiology, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

MARCOS A. ESPINAL, Director, Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, Pan American Health Organization

EVA HARRIS, Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology; Director, Center for Global Public Health, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health

ELIZABETH D. HERMSEN, Head, Global Antimicrobial Stewardship and Health Equity in Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc.

CHRISTOPHER R. HOUCHENS, Director, Division of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority

CHANDY C. JOHN, Director, Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health

MARK G. KORTEPETER, Vice President for Research, Professor of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

___________________

1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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MICHAEL MAIR, Acting Assistant Commissioner for Counterterrorism Policy; Acting Director, Office of the Chief Scientist, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

JONNA A. K. MAZET, Vice Provost–Grand Challenges; Chancellor’s Leadership Professor of Epidemiology & Disease Ecology, University of California, Davis

VICTORIA MCGOVERN, Senior Program Officer, Burroughs Wellcome Fund

SALLY A. MILLER, Distinguished Professor of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences in Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences

SUERIE MOON, Director of Research, Global Health Centre; Visiting Lecturer, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies; Adjunct Lecturer, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

RAFAEL OBREGON, Country Representative, UNICEF Paraguay

KUMANAN RASANATHAN, Unit Head for Equity and Health, Department of Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization

GARY A. ROSELLE, Executive Director, National Infectious Disease Services Program, Veterans Health Administration, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

PETER A. SANDS, Executive Director, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

THOMAS W. SCOTT, Distinguished Professor, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis

MATTHEW ZAHN, Medical Director, Division of Epidemiology and Assessment, Orange County Health Care Agency (California)

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Reviewers

This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the contents of this proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by CARLOS E. RODRIGUEZ-DIAZ, The George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Acknowledgments

The workshop summarized in this proceedings is the product of many valuable contributions. Special thanks go to the presenters and discussants who gave generously of their time and expertise to make the event possible.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACA Affordable Care Act
CBPR community-based participatory research
CCHN Center for Community Health Navigation
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CEAL Community Engagement Alliance
CHW community health worker
COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019
EMR electronic medical record
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
HMC Hamad Medical Corporation
ICS incident command structure
IHR International Health Regulations
IP independent panel
LMIC low- and middle-income country
NCD noncommunicable disease
NCIRD National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
NIH National Institutes of Health
NIMHD National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OR odds ratio
SDG Sustainable Development Goal
SDOH social determinants of health
SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
UHC universal health coverage
WHO World Health Organization
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Toward a Post-Pandemic World: Lessons from COVID-19 for Now and the Future: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26556.
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To take stock of lessons learned from COVID-19 around the world and in the United States, the Forum on Microbial Threats held two virtual workshops during 2021. The first workshop focused on what it means to frame the response to COVID-19 through a "syndemic" approach, and what the implications would be for global recovery. The second workshop focused more broadly on key lessons and emerging data from ongoing pandemic response efforts that can be incorporated into current health systems to improve resilience and preparedness for future outbreaks.

This workshop explored the long-term effects of COVID-19 on health equity, including considerations for mental health and social determinants of health. It also addressed uncertainties during a pandemic, such as trust, communication, and engagement and explored approaches to systematize recovery efforts to improve the ongoing responses and prepare for the next pandemic. Experts discussed possibilities for a post-pandemic world and a response strategy for stakeholders that ensures sustained community partnerships and prioritization of health equity. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussions from the second workshop.

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