Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age (2022)

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125   Individual Survey Responses A P P E N D I X B Q2. What group/division do you primarily work in? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT Construction Materials Maintenance/ Operations Asset Management Engineering Design Contracts/ procurement Others Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Administration Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Innovation & Technology Wyoming

126 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age Q3. Which of the following technologies has been used by your agency to inspect highway infrastructure during construction or maintenance of assets? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT Geospatial Technologies Remote sensing & Monitoring Mobile Devices & Software Applications Nondestructive Evaluation Methods Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Individual Survey Responses 127   Q4. Approximately, how many years has your agency been using Geospatial Technologies to inspect highway infrastructure during construction or maintenance of assets? State DOT < 2 years 2-5 years 5-10 years > 10 years Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

128 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age Q5a. Which of the following geospatial technologies has been used by your agency to inspect highway infrastructure during construction? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT GNSS /GPS GIS UAS Robotic Total Stations Terrestrial Photogrammetry e- Ticketing Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Individual Survey Responses 129   Q5b. Which of the following geospatial technologies has been used by your agency to inspect highway infrastructure during maintenance of assets? State DOT GNSS/ GPS GIS UAS Robotic Total Stations Terrestrial Photogrammetry e-Ticketing Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Q6. How are geospatial technologies used to inspect highway infrastructure during construction in your agency? (Please only respond to the technologies used in your agency and check all that apply.) Applications GNSS/ GPS GIS UAS RTS TP e-Ticketing Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Tracking position of bulk material (concrete, asphalt, aggregate loads) 6 CT, IL, OR, PA, TX, WA 1 UT 1 MT 2 IL, OR 0 13 AR, DE, FL, GA, IL, MN, MS, NE, NC, PA, UT, WA, WI 3 AL, CO, VT Tracking finished materials and inventory (pipe, rebar, etc.) 5 CT, IN, MT, SD, TX 2 IA, PA 0 2 OR, SD 0 0 6 AL, CO, NC, UT, VT, WA Measurement of material strength and temperature (concrete, base course, etc.) 3 CO, ND, WA 2 CO, MO 0 0 0 0 7 AL, CT, NC, PA, TX, UT, VT Measurement of pavement thickness 4 CO, IA, NE, WI 1 WI 0 2 TX, WI 0 1 GA 8 AL, CT, NC, PA, TX, UT, VT, WA Earthwork inspection and quantities 17 AR, CA, CO, CT, FL, HI, IL, MN, MS, MO, NE, ND, OR, SC, SD, TX, WI 1 WI 8 CA, DE, MN, MS, MT, NE, OR, WI 9 4 DE, MO, NC, PA 1 WA 3 AL, UT, VT Structural inspection and quantities 8 CT, FL, NE, NC, ND, SD, TX, WI 3 DE, NE, WI 6 CO, DE, MT, NE, NC, ND 2 SC, SD 2 DE, ND 1 WA 4 AL, PA, UT, VT IL, MN, MS, MO, ND, OR, SC, SD, WI

Applications GNSS/ GPS GIS UAS RTS TP e-Ticketing Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Monitoring construction progress 11 AR, CT, IL, MN, MS, MO, NE, SC, UT, WA, WI 4 DE, MN, UT, WI 14 AL, CO, DE, FL, IA, MN, MO, MT, NE, NC, ND, PA, TN, WI 6 IL, MN, NE, NC, OR, WI 4 DE, MN, PA, WI 1 WA 2 TX, VT Verification and documentation of work completed for payment 13 AR, CO, CT, IL, MN, MS, NE, ND, SC, SD, TX, UT, WI 3 FL, UT, WI 2 NE, PA 6 IL, MS, NE, ND, SC, SD 1 NE 6 AL, IA, MS, TN, WA, WV 2 NC, VT Locating underground utilities and underground assets 7 CT, DE, IA, MS, MN, NE, SD 3 FL, WA, WI 0 3 MN, SD, WI 0 0 8 AL, CO, NC, PA, TX, UT, VT, WA Collecting as-built information/Developing 3D as-built models 13 AR, CT, FL, IL, MN, NE, ND, OR, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT 5 MN, MT, PA, TN, UT 3 IA, MT, NE 6 IL, NE, OR, SC, SD, TX 3 MO, NE, TX 0 5 AL, CO, NC, VT, WA Quality control/Quality assurance 10 CO, CT, IA, MN, MO, NE, NC, ND, SC, WI 2 FL, WI 2 NE, WI 6 IA, MO, NC, OR, SC, WI 1 MO 3 PA, WA, WV 4 AL, TX, UT, VT Erosion control inspection 4 IA, MS, NE, WI 2 MS, WI 3 AL, NE, PA 0 1 DE 1 WA 6 CO, CT, NC, TX, UT, VT Site photos & videos 5 IA, NJ, TN, WA, WI 4 MS, NJ, TN, WI 12 AL, CO, FL, IA, MN, NE, NC, OR, PA, TN, WA, WI 0 3 DE, MO, WI 0 4 CT, TX, UT, VT

Q7. How are geospatial technologies used to inspect highway infrastructure during maintenance of assets in your agency? (Please only respond to the technologies used in your agency and check all that apply.) Applications GNSS/ GPS GIS UAS RTS TP e-Ticketing Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Location of pavement/ material placement for performance tracking 6 MO, OR, SC, TN, WV, WI 6 IN, IA, PA, SC, WV, WI 0 1 OR 1 WV 1 GA 11 AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, HI, NC, TX, UT, VT, WA Signage, culvert, guardrail & other asset inventories and inspection 10 IN, MS, MO, MT, NY, OR, SC, WA, WV, WI 16 AL, CT, FL, IN, IA, MS, NE, NY, ND, PA, SD, TN, VT, WA, WV, WI 2 MN, NE 1 OR 1 WV 0 7 AR, CO, DE, HI, NC, TX, UT Sharing asset information between different functional units 7 MT, NY, ND, OR, SC, WA, WV 15 AL, CT, FL, IA, NE, NY, ND, OR, PA, SC, SD, VT, WA, WV, WI 1 MT 1 OR 1 WV 0 8 AR, CO, DE, HI, IN, NC, TX, UT Pavement crack and defect detection 6 IN, MS, NE, ND, OR, WI 3 ND, OR, WI 1 MT 1 OR 1 NC 0 12 AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, HI, PA, TX, UT, VT, WA, WV Structural inspection 6 FL, ND, SC, SD, WV, WI 4 SC, VT, WV, WI 11 CT, FL, IN, IA, MS, MT, NE, NC, ND, PA, WA 2 OR, SD 1 WV 0 8 AL, AR, CO, DE, HI, IL, TX, UT

Applications GNSS/ GPS GIS UAS RTS TP e-Ticketing Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Slope stability & landslide assessment 3 ND, SD, WV 4 AL, ND, TN, WV 5 MT, OR, PA, WA, WV 2 OR, SD 2 0 12 AR, CO, CT, DE, HI, IN, NE, SC, TX, UT, VT, WI Location of voids/buried assets 0 3 NE, WA, WV 0 2 MT, OR 0 0 13 AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, HI, NC, PA, SC, TX, UT, VT, WI Secondary Highway Assets 1 NY 1 NY 0 0 0 0 0 Video/Pictures with GEO Tags 1 NE 0 0 0 0 0 0 NC, PA

Q8. What are the main factors holding back the use of geospatial technologies for inspection during construction or maintenance of assets in your agency? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT Cost issues Insufficient agency network Access, privacy, or security concerns Lack of standard contract specifications Incompatibility with legal, regulatory … Lack of reliable internet connection Incompatibility with existing hardware Lack of training, knowledge Lack of technical results Quality of data collected Device maintenance and user support Resistance to change Others Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Return on investment, Value add Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York We continue advancing the use of digital technologies. North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Value, return on investment Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Industry support South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Individual Survey Responses 135   Q9. Approximately, how many years has your agency been using Remote Sensing and Monitoring Technologies to inspect highway infrastructure during construction or maintenance of assets? State DOT < 2 years 2-5 years 5-10 years > 10 years Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Q10. Which of the following remote sensing and monitoring technologies has been used to inspect highway infrastructure during construction and maintenance of assets? (Please check all that apply.) Applications Construction Maintenance Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)/3D laser scanning 14 AR, KY, MN, MO, MT, NM, NC, ND, OR, PA, TN, TX, WA, WI 8 IL, IN, MN, MO, NE, OR, PA, SC 2 AL, MA Radio-frequency identification (RFID) 3 MA, MO, NC 1 VA 3 MN, NE, TX Intelligent Compaction (IC) 14 CO, IA, KY, MA, MN, MO, MT, NM, ND, OR, PA, TN, TX, WA 0 1 NE Remote Sensors (e.g., accelerometers, maturity meter sensors, strain gauges, etc.) (RS) 21 AL, AR, CO, DE, FL, HI, IL, IN, IA, KY, MN, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, OR, TN, TX, WA, WI 7 DE, FL, NE, ND, SC, VI, WI 2 MA, PA Infrared sensors (e.g., thermal, motion detectors, object detection, thermal profiling) (IS) 13 AR, CO, DE, FL, KY, MN, MO, MT, NE, TN, TX, WA, WI 3 FL, NE, WI 4 AL, MA, NM, PA Remote Cameras (RC) 15 CO, DE, FL, HI, KY, MO, MT, NE, NJ, ND, OR, PA, VA, WA, WI 10 FL, IL, IN, MT, NE, NY, ND, SC, VA, WI 3 AL, MA, TX Barcodes & Readers (B&R) 4 IA, MA, PA, SC 3 KY, NE, SC 6 AL, CO, MN, NC, TX, WA Remote Sensors for roadway weather information 0 1 IN 0 Road sensors (temp, precipitation sensors, salinity), S&I Program. 0 1 NY 0

Q11. How are remote sensing and monitoring technologies used to inspect highway infrastructure during construction in your agency? (Please only respond to the technologies used in your agency and check all that apply.) Applications LiDAR/3D laser scanning RFID IC RS IS RC B&R Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Tracking position of bulk material (concrete, asphalt, aggregate loads) 0 1 NC 0 0 1 OR 3 MT, NJ, PA 0 3 AL, CO, TX Tracking of finished materials and inventory (pipe, rebar, etc.) 0 1 NC 0 2 FL, NJ 1 FL 1 MT 0 4 AL, CO, PA, TX Measurement of material strength and temperature (concrete, base course, etc.) 0 1 MA 2 CO, ND 7 AL, CO, FL, IA, KY, TX, WA 10 AR, CO, DE, FL, KY, NE, ND, PA, TN, VA 0 0 2 MO, MT Measurement of pavement thickness 0 0 3 MO, NM, VA 3 IA, NJ, WI 0 0 0 5 AL, CO, MT, PA, TX Earthwork inspection and quantities 3 AR, MT, OR 0 2 CO, IA 1 WI 0 0 0 3 AL, PA, WA Structural inspection and quantities 4 NE, ND, OR, PA 0 1 MO 1 WI 0 2 MT, ND 0 4 AL, CO, TX, WA Monitoring construction progress 2 OR, WA 0 1 NM 1 WI 0 10 IA, KY, MA, MT, NE, NJ, ND, VA, WA 0 4 AL, CO, PA, TX Verification and documentation of work completed for payment 2 AR, ND 0 1 WA 2 WA, WV 0 0 0 4 AL, CO, PA, TX

Applications LiDAR/3D laser scanning RFID IC RS IS RC B&R Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Locating underground utilities and underground assets 1 HI 0 0 2 FL, WI 2 FL, MT 0 0 4 AL, CO, PA, TX Collecting as-built information/Developing 3D as-built models 5 AR, MO, MT, OR, TX 0 0 1 WI 0 0 0 4 AL, CO, PA, TX Quality control/Quality assurance 2 HI, KY 1 MA 6 KY, MO, ND, TN, TX, WA 6 AR, CO, IA, NJ, WA, WI 1 KY 1 PA 2 MA, SC 1 AL Erosion control inspection 0 0 0 1 WI 1 DE 0 0 4 AL, CO, PA, TX Site photos & videos 1 OR 0 0 1 WI 0 12 DE, FL, IA, KY, MA, MT, NJ, ND, TX, VA, WA, WI 1 MO 4 AL, CO, PA, TX Monitoring ground acceleration during pile driving 0 0 0 1 IL 0 0 0 0 Traffic Monitoring (queue detection) 0 0 0 1 NE 0 1 NE 0 0

Q12. How are remote sensing and monitoring technologies used to inspect highway infrastructure during maintenance of assets in your agency? (Please only respond to the technologies used in your agency and check all that apply.) Applications LiDAR/3D laser scanning RFID Intelligent Compaction RS IS RC B&R Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Location of pavement/ material placement for performance tracking 2 OR, SC 0 0 1 WI 0 0 0 7 AL, AR, CO, HI, PA, TX, WA Signage, culvert, guardrail & other asset inventories and inspection 1 OR 0 0 1 WI 0 1 FL 2 KY, SC 8 AL, AR, CO, HI, MT, PA, TX, WA Sharing asset information between different functional units 1 OR 0 0 0 0 1 DE 0 8 AL, AR, CO, HI, NE, PA, TX WA Pavement crack and defect detection 3 KY, NE, OR 0 0 1 WI 0 0 0 8 AL, AR, CO, HI, MT, PA, TX, WA Structural inspection 1 PA 0 0 3 SC, VA, WI 0 1 ND 0 7 AL, AR, CO, HI, MT, TX, WA Slope stability & landslide assessment 3 KY, OR, WA 0 0 2 OR, WA 0 0 0 7 AL, AR, CO, HI, MT, PA, TX Location of voids/ buried assets 0 1 VA 0 1 WI 1 NY 0 0 7 AL, AR, HI, MT, PA, TX, WA Road/Weather Conditions/Anti-Icing System/Tank Storage 0 0 0 1 NE 1 NE 2 NE, VA 0 0

Q13. What are the main factors holding back the use of remote sensing and monitoring technologies for inspection during construction and maintenance of assets in your agency? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT Cost issues Insufficie nt agency network Access, privacy, or security concerns Lack of standard contract specifications Incompatibility with legal, regulatory Lack of reliable internet connection Incompatibility with existing hardware Lack of training, knowledge Lack of technical results Quality of data collected Device maintenance and user support Resistance to change Others Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Getting there Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Demonstrated benefits Indiana ROI, value added Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon ROI Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Individual Survey Responses 141   Q14. Approximately, how many years has your agency been using mobile devices and software applications to inspect highway infrastructure during construction or maintenance of assets? State DOT < 2 years 2-5 years 5-10 years > 10 years Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

142 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age Q15. Which of the following mobile devices and software applications has been used to inspect highway infrastructure during construction and maintenance of assets? (Please check all that apply.) Technologies Construction Maintenance Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT 3D Engineered Models/BIM (3D) 16 CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, IL, IA, MN, MO, MT, NE, OR, RI, SD, TN, WI 1 FL 5 AL, PA, TX, VT, WV Automated Machine Guidance (AMG) 17 CA, CO, FL, IA, KS, MN, MO, MT, NH, NM, NC, ND, OR, SC, SD, WI, WY 0 6 AL, PA, TX, UT, VT, WV Tablet computers/smartphones (TS) 37 AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MN, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, NC, ND, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WV, WI 15 FL, IN, IA, MD, MA, NE, NY, NC, ND, OR, PA, SC, TX, WA, WV 0 Handheld data collectors (e.g., Real-time Kinematics (RTK), Trimble Yuma) (HDC) 22 CA, CT, DE, FL, IL, IA, MA, MN, MT, NE, NH, NC, ND, OR, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT, WA, WI, WY 7 MA, NE, NY, ND, PA, SD, TX 6 AL, CO, MO, NM, VT, WV Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality (VR/AR) 2 CA, CT 0 6 AL, CO, OA, TX, UT, VT Laptops 1 WY 0 0 Mobile Applications 1 PA 1 PA 0

Q16. How are mobile devices and software applications used to inspect highway infrastructure during construction in your agency? (Please only respond to the technologies used in your agency and check all that apply.) Application 3D Engineered Models/BIM Automated Machine Guidance (AMG) Tablet computers/ smartphones (TS) Handheld data collectors (HDC) Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality (VR/AR) Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count Tracking position of bulk material (concrete, asphalt, aggregate loads) 0 2 OR, WY 13 AR, CO, DE, KS, KY, MD, MT, NJ, OR, PA, TX, WA, WI 6 CO, CT, IL, OR, TX, WY 0 4 AL, PA, UT, VT Tracking of finished materials and inventory (pipe, rebar, etc.) 1 CO 2 CO, OR 20 CO, DE, FL, GA, HI, IN, KS, KY, MD, MO, NB, NC, OR, PA, TX, VT, VA, WA, WV, WY 2 CO, TX 0 4 AL, CT, RI, UT Measurement of material strength and temperature (concrete, base course, etc.) 1 CO 1 CO 6 CO, CT, KS, MA, NC, WY 4 CO, MO, NH, WI 0 7 AL, PA, RI, TX, UT, VT, WA Measurement of pavement thickness 2 CO, OR 1 MT 5 CO, MO, PA, WI, WY 3 CO, CT, IL 0 5 AL, RI, TX, UT, VT Earthwork inspection and quantities 10 CA, CO, CT, DE, MO, NE, NC, PA, SD, WI 7 CA, IA, MT, NC, OR, SD, WI 17 CA, DE, HI, IL, KS, KY, MD, NE, NC, ND, OK, TN, TX, VA, WV, WI, WY 9 CA, DE, HI, NE, NH, ND, SC, TX, WI 1 CA 4 AL, RI, UT, VT Monitoring construction progress 1 DE 0 18 DE, HI, IL, IA, KS, KY, MD, MO, NE, ND, OK, PA, TX, VT, VA, WV, WI, WY 3 IL, TX, WA 0 6 AL, CO, CT, NC, RI, UT

Application 3D Engineered Models/BIM Automated Machine Guidance (AMG) Tablet computers/ smartphones (TS) Handheld data collectors (HDC) Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality (VR/AR) Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count Verification and documentation of work completed for payment 3 IL, NE, SC 4 NC, OR. SC, SD 32 Al, AR, CO, DE, FL, HI, IL, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, NC, ND, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY 12 CO, IL, IA, MT, NE, NC, ND, SC, TN, TX, WA, WI 0 2 CT, VT Locating underground utilities and underground assets 2 SD, WI 0 33 AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, KS, KY, MD, MA, MO, MT, NE, NM, NC, ND, OK, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY 6 CO, IL, MT, ND, TX, WI 0 1 RI Collecting as-built information/Developing 3D as-built models 5 IL, IA, MO, MT, WI 1 OR 11 AR, CO, CT, GA, MD, NC, UT, VA, WV, WI, WY 5 CO, IL, SC, UT, WI 0 5 AL. PA, RI, TX, VT Quality control/Quality assurance 1 NE 2 ND, SD 24 CO, CT, GA, HI, IN, KS, KY, MD, MA, MO, MT, NE, NM, NC, ND, PA, RI, TN, TX, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY 9 CO, IA, MT, NE, SC, TN, TX, WA, WI 0 3 AL, UT, VT Erosion control inspection 0 0 22 AL, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MD, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NC, ND, PA, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY 3 CO, MT, WI 0 4 RI, TX, UT, VT Site photos & videos/3D as-built models 0 0 26 AR, CO, CT, FL, GA, IL, IA, MD, MA, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, NC, ND, PA, SC, SD, TX, VE, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY 5 CO, IA, MT, OR, TX 0 3 AL. RI, UT

Q17. How are mobile devices and software applications used to inspect highway infrastructure during maintenance of assets in your agency? (Please only respond to the technologies used in your agency and check all that apply.) Applications 3D Engineered Models/BIM Automated Machine Guidance (AMG) Tablet computers/smart phones Handheld Data Collectors (HDC) Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality (VR/AR) Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Location of pavement/ material placement for performance tracking 0 0 19 DE, FL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, NE, NY, ND, OR, PA, SC, TN, UT, VT, WA, WV, WI 4 IA, NE, NY, SD 0 13 AL, AR, CO, CT, GA, HI, KY, MT, NC, RI, TX, UT, VT Signage, culvert, guardrail & other asset inventories and inspection 0 0 20 CO, DE, FL, GA, HI, IN, KS, KY, MD, MO, NB, NC, OR, PA, TX, VT, VA, WA, WV, WY 2 CO, TX 0 12 AL, AR, CO, CT, GA, HI, KY, MT, NM, NC, RI, TX Sharing asset information between different functional units 0 0 14 DE, FL, IA, KS, MD, MO, NE, NY, OR, PA, UT, VE, WA, WI 2 IA, SD 0 11 AL, AR, CO, CT, GA, HI, KY, MT, NC, RI, TX Pavement crack and defect detection 1 OR 0 3 WA, WV, WI 0 0 16 AL, AR, CO, CT, GA, HI, KY, MD, MT, NM, NC, PA, RI, TX, UT, VT Structural inspection 1 FL 0 10 DE, IN, NE, ND, OR, PA, SC, VT, WA, WI 0 0 13 AL, AR, CO, CT, GA, HI, KY, MD, MT, NC, RI, TX, UT Slope stability & landslide assessment 0 1 MD 6 MO, ND, OR, PA, WA, WI 2 SD, TN 0 13 AL, AR, CO, CT, GA, HI, KY, MT, NC, RI, TX, UT, VT Location of voids/buried assets 0 0 1 OR 0 0 15 AL, AR, CO, CT, GA, HI, KY, MT, NC, PA, RI, TX, UT, VT, WA

Q18. What are the main factors holding back the use of mobile devices and software applications for inspection during construction and maintenance of assets in your agency? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT Cost Issues Insufficient agency network Access, security concerns Lack of standard contract spec. Incompatibil ity with legal Lack of reliable internet connection Incompatibi lity with existing hardware Lack of training/ knowledge Lack of technical demonstra ting Quality of data collected Device maintenance and user support Resistance to change Other Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware use technology lowly Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Still working Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York slowly advancing. North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon ROI Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Individual Survey Responses 147   Q19. Approximately, how many years has your agency been using nondestructive evaluation methods to inspect highway infrastructure during construction or maintenance of assets? State DOT < 2 years 2–5 years 5–10 years > 10 years Alabama Arkansas ü California Colorado ü Connecticut Delaware ü Florida ü Georgia ü Hawaii ü Illinois ü Indiana ü Iowa ü Kansas ü Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts ü Minnesota ü Mississippi Missouri ü Montana ü Nebraska ü New Hampshire New Jersey ü New Mexico ü New York ü North Carolina North Dakota ü Oklahoma Oregon ü Pennsylvania ü Rhode Island ü South Carolina ü South Dakota Tennessee ü Texas ü Utah Vermont Virginia ü Washington West Virginia ü Wisconsin ü Wyoming

Q20. Which of the following nondestructive evaluation methods has been used to inspect highway infrastructure during construction and maintenance of assets? (Please check all that apply.) Technology Construction Maintenance Not Sure Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) 18 CO, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, MA, MN, MO, MT, NJ, NM, OR, PA, TN, TX, VA, WI 11 FL, IN, IA, MN, NM, NY, OR, PA, TN, VA, WI 4 NE, ND, RI, WV Surface profile measuring systems 20 CO, FL, IL, IN, IA, KS, MN, MO, MT, NE, NM, ND, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, WV, WI 8 FL, IN, IA, MN, ND, TX, WV, WI 0 Dynamic test loading for piles 24 CO, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, MN, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, ND, OR, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV, WI 1 MN 1 RI Ultrasonic testing 16 CO, FL, IA, MA, MN, MO, NE, NJ,NM, OR, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WI 6 FL, MN, NE, PA, VA, WI 4 IL, ND, RI, WV Thermal integrity testing 12 CO, FL, IL, MN, MT, ND, PA, SC, TN, TX, WV, WI 1 MN 3 MO, NE, RI Cross-hole sonic logging for drilled shafts 21 AR, CO, FL, IL, IN, IA, KS, MA, MN, MO, MT, NJ, NM, ND, OR, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV, WI 1 MN 3 NE, RI, TX Falling weight deflectometers 14 CO, IL, MN, MO, MT, NE, NJ, ND, OR, RI, SC, TN, TX, WI 7 FL, IN, IA, MN, RI, SC, TX 2 NM, WV Nuclear density gauges 26 AR, CO, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IA, KS, MA, MN, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, ND, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV, WI 4 MN, NY, OR, TX 0 Infrared thermography 11 FL, MN, MO, NE, NJ, ND, OR, PA, TN, TX, WI 1 MN 5 CO, IL, NM, RI, WV Magnetic imaging tools (MITs) 11 CO, FL, IA, KS, MO, NE, ND, PA, SC, VA, WI 2 FL, VA 5 IL, MN, RI, TN, WV Acoustic emission 5 FL, MA, MO, OR, WI 2 VA, WI 7 CO, IL, NE, ND, RI, TX, WV Light weight deflectometers/ Dynamic cone penetrometers 1 IN 0 0

Q21. How are nondestructive evaluation methods used to inspect highway infrastructure during construction in your agency? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT Measurement of pavement thickness Identification of bridge deck deterioration Foundation investigation tools Identification of fatigue and fracture damage Measurement friction and noise properties for pavements Quality control/Quality assurance Structural inspection In-situ material characterization Early detection of concrete deterioration Determination of steel corrosion Others Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Measuring pavement surface smoothness Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Q22. How are nondestructive evaluation methods used to inspect highway infrastructure during maintenance of assets in your agency? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT Real-time automated pavement distress measurements Identification of fatigue and fracture damage Sharing asset information functional units Measurement of pavement bonding Structural inspection Measurement of existing scour Improved methods for measuring profiles Mapping of voids, bonding, and moisture behind retaining walls Early detection of concrete deterioration mechanisms Determination of steel corrosion Detection of problem areas at bridge approaches Others Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Q23. What are the main factors holding back the use of nondestructive evaluation methods for inspection during construction or maintenance of assets in your agency? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT Cost issues Insufficient IT infrastructure/cellular service Access, privacy, or security concerns Lack of standard contract specifications Lack of reliable internet Incompatibility with existing hardware Lack of training, knowledge Lack of technical demonstrating Quality of data collected Device maintenance support Resistance to change Others Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Learning slowly Florida slow investing in technology Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon ROI Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Q24. For each type of highway infrastructure listed below, which technologies does your agency use for inspection during construction or maintenance of assets? (Please check all that apply.) Applications Geospatial Technologies Remote Sensing & Monitoring Technologies Mobile Devices & Software Applications Nondestructive Evaluation Methods Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Roadways 28 AR, CA, CO, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IA, MA, MT, NE, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OR, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI 19 AR, CA, CO, DE, HI, IN, MA, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NY, ND, PA, SC, SD, VA, WV, WI 35 AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MT, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, UT, VA, WV, WI 31 AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IN, IA, KS, MA, MS, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, NY, ND, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI Bridges 21 CA, CO, DE, IL, IA, MA, MT, NE, NJ, NC, ND, OR, PA, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, WV, WI 19 CA, DE, FL, HI, IL, IN, MA, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NY, ND, PA, SC, SD, VA, WV, WI 35 AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY 32 AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, MA, MS, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, NY, ND, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI Non-bridge structures 18 CO, IL, IN, IA, MA, MT, NE, ND, OR, PA, SC, SD, TX, UT, VT, VA, WV, WI 4 IL, MA, PA, WI 31 AL, AR, CO, CT, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KY, MD, MA, MT, NE, NJ, NC, ND, OK, OR, PA, RI, SD, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY 13 CT, FL, GA, MA, MS, MO, NE, ND, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA Drainage systems 20 CO, CT, IN, IA, MD, MA, NE, NY, NC, ND, OR, PA, SC, SD, TX, UT, VT, VA, WV, WI 0 30 AL, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KY, MD, MA, MT, NE, NY, NC, ND, OK, OR, PA, RI, SD, TX, UT, VT, VA, WV, WI, WY 9 CT, DE, MA, MS, ND, PA, SC, TN, VA Earthwork/ grading 22 AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, HI, IL, IA, KY, MA, MS, MO, NE, ND, OR, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, WV, WI 8 AR, CA, CO, DE, HI, MA, NJ, WV 33 AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MT, NE, NH, NJ, NC, ND, OK, OR, PA, RI, TN, TX, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY 10 CA, DE, FL, HI, IA, KS, MA, ND, VA, WI Signage/ Roadside 22 CO, FL, IN, IA, MA, MS, MT, NE, NY, NC, ND, OR, PA, SC, SD, TN, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI 2 ND, VT 32 AL, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KY, MD, MA, MS, MT, NE, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OK, PA, RI, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY 7 IN, MA, NE, ND, SC, VA, WI

Individual Survey Responses 153   Q25. Does your agency provide training in the use of technologies for highway inspection? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT Hands- on/field-based training Classroom- based training Online training Workshop Vendor demonstration Only provided reference Peer training No training provided Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Q26. When evaluating performance of the use of the technologies for highway infrastructure inspection, what metrics does your agency consider? (Please check all that apply.) State DOT Cost– benefit analysis Efficiencies gained Flexibility for desired tasks Increase in quality End user approval Durability and maintenance of devices Enhancing limited inspection resources Advancement in technology Others Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Reliability, accuracy, cost Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire

State DOT Cost– benefit analysis Efficiencies gained Flexibility for desired tasks Increase in quality End user approval Durability and maintenance of devices Enhancing limited inspection resources Advancement in technology Others New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Safety Wyoming

156 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age Q27a. Does your agency track the cost-effectiveness of implementing technologies for highway inspection? State DOT Yes No Not sure Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Individual Survey Responses 157   Q27b. Does your agency track the cost-effectiveness of implementing technologies for highway inspection? If “Yes,” please explain: ____________________ State DOT Description Alabama Arkansas California Comparing cost using conventional methods vs. using technology Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico Compare time spent in the field vs. time spent going back to the office to enter quantities for payment and daily work reports New York We are steadily moving toward a geospatial inventory system and these technologies are essential. For our S&I program, the technology allows for real- time decision making and QA checks. North Carolina Estimated Return on Investment analysis is performed to ensure the effort/implementation has merit North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Studies are conducted independently Pennsylvania ROI is analyzed for proposed technologies. Cost to develop and incorporate VS efficiency gains or quality improvements Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin We track savings during pilot and implementation phases. Ongoing implementation is not tracked Wyoming

Q28. Approximately, what is the overall return on investment (ROI) from using the following technologies for highway infrastructure inspection in your agency? Applications Negative ROI 0-10% 10%-20% 20%-50% 50%-100% >100% Unsure/Information is not available Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Geospatial Technologies 0 0 0 2 CA, MO 1 RI 2 NE, OR 31 AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MT, NY, NC, ND, OK, RI, SC, SD, TN TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WY Remote sensing & Monitoring Technologies 0 0 1 MO 1 CA 1 PA 2 OR, WI 33 AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MT, NE, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OK, RI, SC, SD, TN TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WY Mobile Devices & Software Applications 0 0 2 NM, WA 1 CA 2 MO, TX 3 OR, PA, WI 33 AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MT, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OK, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WV, WY Nondestructive Evaluation Methods 0 0 1 WA 2 CA, PA 2 MO, TX 0 34 AL, AR, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MT, NE, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OK, OR, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WV, WI, WY

Q29. What are the primary drivers for selecting the technologies for highway inspection in your agency? (Please check all that apply.) Applications Geospatial Technologies Remote Sensing & Monitoring Technologies (AMG) Mobile Devices & Software Applications Nondestructive Evaluation Methods Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Count DOT Enhance Staffing 21 AR, CA, CO, IA, KY, MA, MS, NE, NJ, NY, OR, PA, SC, SD, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI 13 AR, CA, CO, KY, MA, MT, NJ, NY, PA, SC, VT, WA, WI 30 AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, HI, IN, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MS, MT, NE, NH, NJ, NY, ND, OR, PA, RI, SC, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI 13 AR, CA, CO, IA, KS, MA, NJ, PA, SC, TX, VT, WA, WI Improve Efficiency (e.g., Cost, Schedule, Quality) 27 AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IA, KY, MA, MS, MT, NE, NJ, NY, ND, OR, PA, SD, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI 21 AR, CA, CO, DE, FL, GA, KY, MA, MO, MT, NJ, NY, ND, PA, SD, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI 37 AL, AR, CA, CO, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, IA, KS, KY, MD, MA, MS, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OK, OR, PA, RI, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY 23 AR, CA, CO, DE, FL, IN, IA, KS, MA, MO, MT, NE, NJ, ND, PA, SC, TN, TX, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI Enhance Safety of Inspectors 22 AR, CA, CO, GA, IL, IA, MA, MS, MT, NE, NY, NC, ND, OR, SC, SD, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WI 14 AR, CA, CO, MA, NE, NJ, NY, ND, PA, SC, TX, UT, WA, WI 28 AL, AR, CA, CO, DE, GA, HI, IL, IN, IA, KS, MD, MA, MS, MO, MT, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OR, RI, VT, WA, WV, WI, WY 13 AR, CA, CO, IA, KS, MA, MT, NJ, ND, SC, TX, VT, WI Promote E- construction 23 CA, CO, CT, DE, GA, IL, IN, IA, KY, MA, MS, NE, NC, ND, OR, PA, SC, SD, TX, UT, VT, WA, WI 15 CA, CT, GA, IN, KY, MS, MT, NJ, ND, PA, SC, TX, UT, WA, WI 33 AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, IA, KS, MD, MA, MS, MT, NE, NH, NM, NC, ND, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, WA, WV, WI, WY 6 CA, KS, MA, ND, SC, WI