Appendix B
Workshop Agenda
Discussing and Understanding Animal Welfare Challenges in Research and Education on Wildlife, Non-Model Species and Biodiversity—A Workshop
February 9–10, 2022
Virtual-Only, Global-Webcast
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will appoint a planning committee to organize and convene a workshop to discuss the current understanding of animal welfare challenges in research and education on wildlife and biologically diverse animal species. The workshop will focus on issues associated with the unique welfare considerations of research with species having diverse physiologies and behaviors and living in diverse habitats, for which the recommendations outlined in the current version of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (8th edition) present challenges. By heightening awareness, increasing sensitivity, and promoting discussions on animal research and education for these non-traditional research animal species, the workshop will help inform the planning process for tailoring guidance for humane care and use of a wide diversity of animals both in traditional “brick-and-mortar” laboratory animal facilities and beyond (e.g., field laboratories and field stations, and terrestrial and aquatic settings under both captive and natural conditions) while maintaining the integrity of research. The workshop will include presentations and panel discussions to explore various related topics and questions.
| DAY ONE | |
| 10:00–10:10 AM EST |
Welcome and Brief Introductions
Corrine Lutz and Workshop Planning Committee Co-Chair Anne Maglia |
| 10:10–11:55 AM |
Session 1: Perspectives on Animal Welfare Considerations Between Laboratory Animal and Free-Ranging Fish and Wildlife Field Research Operative terms, including the regulatory use of “field study”; introduce gradations between field and laboratory (enclosures with differing amounts of containment); issues that present particular challenges for field personnel and oversight bodies. Representatives from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH’s) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW), and AAALAC International (AAALAC) will offer perspectives on the challenges associated with their respective roles with regard to wildlife and steps to address them. Moderator: Anne Maglia, Ph.D. Introduction to Challenges Involving Wildlife Robert S. Sikes, Ph.D. Professor of Biology University of Arkansas at Little Rock Past President, American Society of Mammalogists Animal Welfare Perspectives on Wildlife Research: National Science Foundation Anne Maglia, Ph.D. Associate Vice Chancellor for Research Administration and Integrity University of Massachusetts Lowell |
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Research Conducted on Wild Animals and the Animal Welfare Act Carol Clarke, D.V.M., DACLAM Senior Staff Officer (Laboratory Animals) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service–Animal Care U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Involving Wild Animals from an NIH OLAW Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities Nicolette Petervary, V.M.D., M.S., DACAW Animal Welfare Program Specialist Division of Policy and Education Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare National Institutes of Health AAALAC Perspective: Wildlife Studies: Beyond the Three Primary Standards Jeff Wyatt, D.V.M., M.P.H., DACLAM Professor and Chair, Comparative Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Environmental Justice Advocate Seneca Park Zoo |
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| 11:55 AM–12:05 PM | Break |
| 12:05–1:05 PM |
Session 2 (Part 1): Review Laws, Regulations, and Permits Associated with Fish and Wildlife
Regulatory requirements unique to wildlife that exist at multiple levels (international as well as from national to state and local and including Native American lands); regulatory and permit issues associated with release/reintroduction of animals held in captivity; differences between and overlap of research versus management and how these impact oversight requirements. Moderator: Sharon Shriver, Ph.D. Animal Welfare Challenges in Research and Education on Wildlife: A Natural History Museum Perspective Adam W. Ferguson, Ph.D. Negaunee Collection Manager of Mammals Gantz Family Collection Center Field Museum of Natural History Challenges from the National Park Service Perspective Laurie A. Baeten, D.V.M., Ph.D. Attending Veterinarian and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Chair Biological Resources Division National Park Service Research on Tribal Lands: Unique Examples Caleb R. Hickman, Ph.D. Supervisory Fish and Wildlife Biologist Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Office of Fisheries and Wildlife Management |
| 1:05–1:15 PM | Break |
| 1:15–2:10 PM |
Session 2 (Part 2): Case Studies and Examples
Non-target species; unexpected complications with capture of some non-targets (exotics, endangered, etc.); venomous and dangerous species; concerns associated with capture; ownership of the animals and data from them (e.g., Kyoto protocol). Moderator: Sharon Shriver, Ph.D. Unique Challenges When Working with Free-Ranging Wildlife: Hummingbirds as a Case Study Lisa A. Tell, D.V.M. Professor University of California, Davis Conducting Biodiversity Surveys in the New Age of Wildlife Discovery Lawrence R. Heaney, Ph.D. Negaunee Curator of Mammals Field Museum of Natural History Field Research Involving Reptiles and Amphibians, Remote Study Sites, and Undergraduate Students Heather L. Bateman, Ph.D. Associate Professor, College of Integrative Sciences and Arts Senior Sustainability Scientist, Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation Arizona State University |
| 2:10–2:20 PM | Break |
| 2:20–3:50 PM |
Session 3: Wild Animal Population Concerns
Potential impacts on populations and communities beyond the level of the individual that can result from field activities; biosafety in both directions (animals to humans and vice versa); responsibilities and limitations of both permitting agencies and IACUCs regarding oversight of potential impacts. Moderator: Patrice N. Klein, M.S., V.M.D., DACPV, DACVPM Challenges of High-Risk Fieldwork and Working with Venomous and Hazardous Species for IACUCs Christopher L. Parkinson, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Director, Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility Clemson University Standards of Practice Facilitate Research and Management of White-Nose Syndrome in Bats Jonathan Reichard, Ph.D. Wildlife Biologist, National Assistant Coordinator for White-Nose Syndrome U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Animal Welfare Challenges in Research on Amphibian Disease Ecology: Impacts on Natural Systems, Biodiversity, and Biosafety (Part 1) Karen Lips, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Biology University of Maryland |
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Animal Welfare Challenges in Research on Amphibian Disease Ecology: Impacts on Natural Systems, Biodiversity, and Biosafety (Part 2) Vance T. Vredenburg, Ph.D. Professor and Associate Chair, Department of Biology San Francisco State University A Brief Summary of the Inherent Aspects of Risk Management in the Context of Wildlife Animal Use Activities John A. Bryan II, D.V.M., M.S. Zachery Consulting, LLC |
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| 3:50–4:00 PM | Break |
| 4:00–5:00 PM |
Moderator: William Bowerman, Ph.D., ILAR Standing Committee
1-hour summary and synthesis of the day’s key take-home points by moderators of each session. May include responses to particularly relevant questions that have been submitted via Slido. |
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Animal Welfare Challenges in Research on Amphibian Disease Ecology: Impacts on Natural Systems, Biodiversity, and Biosafety (Part 2) Vance T. Vredenburg, Ph.D. Professor and Associate Chair, Department of Biology San Francisco State University A Brief Summary of the Inherent Aspects of Risk Management in the Context of Wildlife Animal Use Activities John A. Bryan II, D.V.M., M.S. Zachery Consulting, LLC |
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| 3:50–4:00 PM | Break |
| 4:00–5:00 PM |
Moderator: William Bowerman, Ph.D., ILAR Standing Committee
1-hour summary and synthesis of the day’s key take-home points by moderators of each session. May include responses to particularly relevant questions that have been submitted via Slido. |
| DAY TWO | |
| 10:00–10:10 AM | Welcome and Brief Introductions |
| 10:10–11:40 AM |
Session 4: Restraint and Handling of Animals in the Field to Include the Use of Compounds for Capture and Handling
Options for minimizing the use of chemical compounds; non-pharmaceutical grade and controlled substances and challenges with using them in the field; use of drugs to facilitate handling rather than to control pain and implications for USDA categorization of animal activities; release of animals that have been exposed to chemical compounds in the field (including potential consumption by humans or other animals); challenges and options for non-veterinarians, particularly for use of controlled substances and extra-label use. Moderator: Bonnie Beaver, D.V.M. Extra-Label Drug Use in Free-Ranging Wildlife: Rules, Regulations and Reality Lisa A. Tell, D.V.M. Professor University of California, Davis |
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The Use of Pharmaceutical Agents in Carnivores, Bears, and Ungulates Within a Wildlife Management Agency (Reality and Challenges) Mark Drew, D.V.M., M.S., DACZM Wildlife Health Services, LLC A Brief Introduction to the Complexities of Working with Multiple Agencies to Conduct Wildlife Animal Use Activities John A. Bryan II, D.V.M., M.S. Zachery Consulting, LLC Challenges in the Capture and Handling of Wild Birds in Research Jeanne M. Fair, Ph.D. Biosecurity and Public Health Los Alamos National Laboratory Capture and Handling of Free-Living Wild Small Mammals for Research and Education George James Kenagy, Ph.D. Professor of Biology (Emeritus), Department of Biology Curator of Mammals (Emeritus), Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington |
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| 11:40–11:50 AM | Break |
| 11:50 AM–12:45 PM |
Session 5: Role of Veterinary Medicine in Wildlife Research
Role of the veterinarian and oversight for use of controlled substances in the field by non-veterinarians; the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act; options for input from veterinarians and oversight bodies for ongoing work with high-profile species by field crews; availability of veterinarians with taxon-appropriate expertise. Moderator: Gail C. Golab, Ph.D., D.V.M., MANZCVS, DACAW The Wildlife Veterinarian’s Role in Championing Animal Welfare Programs and Policies Margaret A. Wild, D.V.M., Ph.D., CWB® Professor, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Understanding, Respecting, and Enhancing the Role of Veterinary Medicine in Wildlife Research: A Wildlife Biologist’s Perspective Kevin Monteith, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Natural Resource Science University of Wyoming Understanding, Accepting, and Enhancing the Role of Veterinary Medicine in Wildlife Research: A Wildlife Veterinarian’s Perspective Michael W. Miller, D.V.M., Ph.D. Wildlife Veterinarian Colorado Parks and Wildlife Surgeries in the Field Daniel M. Mulcahy, Ph.D., D.V.M., Dipl ACZM Wildlife Veterinarian (Retired) Journal Editor (Retired) |
| 12:45–12:55 PM | Break |
| 12:55–1:55 PM |
Session 6: Pain and Distress, Euthanasia, Humane Killing, and Lethal Take
Include discussion of bioethics associated with fieldwork practices, options to minimize stress and distress, injuries caused by researcher versus occurring naturally, consider when injuries should be treated as opposed to euthanasia and humane killing, options available for euthanasia and humane killing under varying conditions. Moderator: Robert S. Sikes, Ph.D. AVMA Perspectives on Ending Lives of Wildlife Species David S. Miller, D.V.M., CWB, Ph.D., DACZM, DACAW Lead, Reptiles, Zoo, and Wildlife Working Group American Veterinary Medical Association Challenges in Humane Killing of Wild Birds as Museum Vouchers Supporting Biodiversity Research Andrew Engilis, Jr., M.S. Curator Museum of Wildlife and Fish Biology University of California, Davis Context-Dependent Challenges and Decisions for Humane Killing of Wild Small Mammals Rebecca J. Rowe, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Challenges in Following Euthanasia Guidelines in Marine Fisheries Sampling Jeffrey Buckel, Ph.D. Professor North Carolina State University |
| 1:55–2:05 PM | Break |
| 2:05–2:50 PM |
Session 7: Transition of Wild Animals to Captive Settings and Housing Challenges
Enclosures to laboratory settings; acclimation to captivity; husbandry and captive management; differing food and water requirements, including live prey; monitoring challenges (e.g., hibernating animals); biocontainment, biosafety- multi-species rooms, cages, aquaria, predator versus prey species. Moderator: Elaine K. Kim Establishing Captive Populations of Wild Animals: Communicating with Your IACUC Eileen A. Lacey, Ph.D. Professor, Integrative Biology Department of Integrative Biology Curator of Mammals Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley Challenges to Wildlife Adjusting to Captivity: Negotiating with the IACUC L. Michael Romero, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Biology Tufts University |
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Compliance Challenges for Capturing, Transferring, and Keeping Wild Bats in Captivity for Research and Teaching Michael Smotherman, Ph.D. Professor of Biology Texas A&M University |
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| 2:50–3:00 PM | Break |
| 3:00–4:00 PM |
Session 8: Take-Home Listing of Resources Presently Available for IACUCs, Regulators, and Personnel Concerned with Wildlife Research
Recap the goals of the workshop and identify broad challenges highlighted over the course of the workshop. Identify existing gaps in knowledge and structure. Identify options for eliminating challenges within the existing structure and potential strategies, synergies, and collaborations within and among the wildlife and biologically diverse animal research, and biodiversity communities that could leverage additional resources and facilitate knowledge acquisition and sharing. Solicit input from the audience regarding gaps or challenges we have not identified and solutions. Moderator: Anne Maglia, Ph.D.
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| 4:00–4:10 PM | Break |
| 4:10–5:10 PM |
Moderator: Katherine Thibault, Ph.D., ILAR Standing Committee
1-hour summary and synthesis of the day’s key take-home points by moderators of each session. May include responses to particularly relevant questions that have been submitted via Slido. |
| 5:10 PM | Closing Remarks: Workshop Planning Committee Co-Chair Robert S. Sikes |
| 5:20 PM | Closing of Academies Event: Corrine Lutz Adjourn Day Two |
