Guide to Implementation of the Toward Zero Deaths National Strategy on Highway Safety (2022)

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NCHRP Web-Only Document 324 Guide to Implementation of the Toward Zero Deaths National Strategy on Highway Safety Bernie Arseneau HDR Inc. Minneapolis, MN Gina Baas Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN Pam Fischer Pam Fischer Consulting Hackettstown, NJ Patricia Ott MBO Engineering Bordentown, NJ Kim Kolody Silverman Jacobs Chicago, IL Conduct of Research Report for NCHRP Project 17-64 Submitted June 2020 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed, and implementable research is the most effective way to solve many problems facing state departments of transportation (DOTs) administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local or regional interest and can best be studied by state DOTs individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation results in increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. Recognizing this need, the leadership of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1962 initiated an objective national highway research program using modern scientific techniques—the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of AASHTO and receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), United States Department of Transportation, under Agreement No. 693JJ31950003. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FTA, GHSA, NHTSA, or TDC endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; the FHWA; or the program sponsors. The information contained in this document was taken directly from the submission of the author(s). This material has not been edited by TRB.

The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, non- governmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. The Transportation Research Board is one of seven major programs of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation improvements and innovation through trusted, timely, impartial, and evidence-based information exchange, research, and advice regarding all modes of transportation. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 8,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.

C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP WEB-ONLY DOCUMENT 324 Christopher J. Hedges, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Lori L. Sundstrom, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Waseem Dekelbab, Associate Program Manager, National Cooperative Highway Research Program David Jared, Senior Program Officer Traci Caldwell, Senior Program Assistant Natalie Barnes, Director of Publications Heather DiAngelis, Associate Director of Publications Jennifer Correro, Assistant Editor NCHRP PROJECT 17-64 PANEL Field of Traffic—Area of Safety Tracie J. Leix, Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing, MI (Chair) Larry Christianson, U-Turn180, LLC, Merlin, OR Michael G. Dreznes, International Road Foundation, Chicago, IL Brelend C. Gowan, Brelend C. Gowan, Attorney at Law & Legal Consultant, Davis, CA Sue Groth, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Roseville, MN Girish N. “Gary” Modi, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Harrisburg, PA Charles W. Reider, Reno, NV Marie B. Walsh, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Baton Rouge, LA Chimai Nguyen Ngo, FHWA Liaison Christopher Monk, NHTSA Liaison Kelly Hardy, AASHTO Liaison Lisa Fontana-Tierney, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Liaison Richard Pain, Oakton, VA Laura Perrotta, National Automobile Dealers Association Liaison Marc Shotten, The World Bank Liaison Nathan R. Smith, American Traffic Safety Services Association Liaison Patrick Son, Intelligent Transportation Society of America Liaison Jacob Thorius, Washington County (IA) Liaison Bernardo B. Kleiner, TRB Liaison ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was sponsored by the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, and was conducted in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

iv Contents Key Acronyms and Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Project Purpose ................................................................................................................ 1-1 2. Literature Review ........................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1 Overview and Background ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Common Themes ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 List of Safety Plans and Guide Documents Reviewed ....................................... 2-1 2.2 Review of Selected Common Themes............................................................................. 2-2 2.2.1 Zero Vision and Goal Setting .............................................................................. 2-2 2.2.2 Leadership and Safety Culture ........................................................................... 2-2 2.2.3 Supporting Program Structure ............................................................................ 2-4 2.2.4 Key Partner/Stakeholder Engagement and Communication .............................. 2-4 2.2.5 Technical Assistance and Training ..................................................................... 2-6 2.2.6 Focused Safety Priorities and Strategies ............................................................ 2-7 2.2.7 Implementation and Progress Monitoring ........................................................... 2-8 2.3 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 2-10 2.4 References ..................................................................................................................... 2-10 3. Focus Groups and Interviews .................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Overview and Background ............................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 State and Local Agency Representatives Interview Summary ........................................ 3-1 3.2.1 Interviewees ........................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2.3 Summary of Themes Explored ........................................................................... 3-1 3.2.4 Other Notes ......................................................................................................... 3-6 3.3 Safety Partners and Stakeholders Interview Summary ................................................... 3-6 3.3.1 Interviewees ........................................................................................................ 3-6 3.3.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 3-6 3.3.3 Summary of Themes Explored ........................................................................... 3-6 3.3.4 Other Notes ....................................................................................................... 3-12 3.4 State Department of Transportation CEO Interview Summary ...................................... 3-13 3.4.1 Interviewees ...................................................................................................... 3-13 3.4.2 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 3-13 3.4.3 Summary of Themes Explored ......................................................................... 3-13 3.5 Private Industry and Other Agency Interview Summary ................................................ 3-17 3.5.1 Interviewees ...................................................................................................... 3-17 3.5.2 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 3-17 3.5.3 Summary of Themes Explored ......................................................................... 3-17 3.6 Interview Participants ..................................................................................................... 3-18 3.7 Interview Questions........................................................................................................ 3-20 3.7.1 State and Local Agency Representatives ......................................................... 3-20 3.7.2 Safety Partners and Stakeholders Representatives ......................................... 3-21 3.7.3 State DOT CEOs............................................................................................... 3-22 3.7.4 Private Industry and Other Agency ................................................................... 3-22 4. Road Map for Implementing the TZD National Strategy on Highway Safety ........................ 4-1 4.1 Overview and Background ............................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Additional Features of the Road Map .............................................................................. 4-1

v 5. Self-Assessment Tools............................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Overview and Background ............................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Assessment Format ......................................................................................................... 5-1 5.3 Example Use of Self-Assessment Tools: North Dakota Department of Transportation (2018) ............................................................................................................................... 5-2 6. Communications Products ........................................................................................................ 6-1 6.1 Overview and Background ............................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 How-To Guide: Implementing the TZD Strategic Communication Plan .......................... 6-1 6.3 Online Tutorials ................................................................................................................ 6-1 6.4 Other Resources .............................................................................................................. 6-2 7. Implementation ............................................................................................................................ 7-1 7.1 Overview and Background ............................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Webinars .......................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2.1 Webinar Dates, Titles, Descriptions, and Speakers ........................................... 7-1 7.2.2 Webinar Demographics ...................................................................................... 7-3 7.2.3 Webinar Evaluations ........................................................................................... 7-4 7.3 Workshops ....................................................................................................................... 7-6 7.3.1 Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. .............. 7-7 7.3.2 Lifesavers National Conference on Highway Safety Priorities in Louisville, Kentucky ............................................................................................................. 7-7 7.3.3 NACo Legislative Conference ............................................................................. 7-7 7.3.4 NACo Annual Conference ................................................................................... 7-7 7.3.5 Institute of Transportation Engineers Annual Meeting in Austin, Texas ............. 7-7 7.3.6 National Transportation in Indian Country Conference....................................... 7-8 7.3.7 Workshop Evaluations ........................................................................................ 7-8 7.4 Media and Press Releases ............................................................................................ 7-11 7.4.1 Press Release Drafted for General Publication Use ......................................... 7-11 7.4.2 Short-Form Article Drafted for General Publication Use ................................... 7-12 7.4.3 Long-Form Article Drafted for General Publication Use ................................... 7-13 7.4.4 Safety Champion Talking Points ....................................................................... 7-15 7.4.5 Web Search Insights Related to TZD Marketing Materials ............................... 7-16 7.5 Train the Trainer ............................................................................................................. 7-17 7.5.1 Program Background ........................................................................................ 7-17 7.5.2 Program Objective ............................................................................................ 7-17 7.5.3 Training Evaluation ........................................................................................... 7-17 8. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 8-1

vi Tables 2-1 Toward Zero Deaths Common Themes ........................................................................................ 2-1 7-1 Webinar Participant Question: What “E” do you represent? (Education, Engineering, Enforcement, Emergency Medical and Trauma Services)* .......................................................... 7-3 7-2 Evaluation Responses to: “The webinar met my expectations.” ................................................... 7-4 7-3 Evaluation Responses to: “The speakers did a good job of presenting the content.” .................. 7-4 7-4 Evaluation Responses to: “The presentation was easy to follow.” ............................................... 7-5 7-5 Evaluation Responses to: “The content was informative” ............................................................. 7-5 7-6 Evaluation Responses to: “I will be able to use what I learned in today’s webinar.” .................... 7-5 7-7 Evaluation Responses to: “Do you plan to watch more webinars in the series?” ......................... 7-5 7-8 Evaluation Responses to: “Please share any additional comments or feedback.” ....................... 7-6 7-9 Summary of Workshop Information Presented ............................................................................. 7-6 7-10 Workshop Evaluation Aggregate Summary .................................................................................. 7-8 7-11 Evaluation Responses to: “What was most interesting and/or relevant about today’s presentation?” ............................................................................................................................... 7-8 7-12 Evaluation Responses to: “Will you apply information from today’s presentation to your work? How?” ............................................................................................................................................ 7-9 7-13 Evaluation Responses to: “Do you have any suggestions for improvement?” ........................... 7-10 7-14 Evaluation Responses to: “Would you recommend this workshop to other people?* Why or why not?” ..................................................................................................................................... 7-10 7-15 Training Evaluation Aggregate Summary ................................................................................... 7-18 7-16 Evaluation Responses to: “What was most interesting and/or relevant about today’s presentation?” ............................................................................................................................. 7-18 7-17 Evaluation Responses to: “Will you apply information from today’s presentation to your work? How?” .......................................................................................................................................... 7-18 7-18 Evaluation Responses to: “Do you have any suggestions for improvement?” ........................... 7-19 7-19 Evaluation Responses to: “Would you recommend this workshop to other people?* Why or why not?” ..................................................................................................................................... 7-20 Figures 2-1 State Strategic Highway Safety Plans Reviewed ......................................................................... 2-2 7-1 Webinar Participant Demographics by Practice Type .................................................................. 7-4

vii Key Acronyms and Abbreviations AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials CEO Chief Executive Officer DOT Department of Transportation FHWA Federal Highway Administration HSIP Highway Safety Improvement Program MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization NACo National Association of Counties NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program SHSO State Highway Safety Office SHSP Strategic Highway Safety Plan TZD Toward Zero Deaths VZ Vision Zero