National Academies Press: OpenBook

Use of Smart Work Zone Technologies for Improving Work Zone Safety (2022)

Chapter: Appendix D - Suitability of Smart Work Zone Technologies Based on Project Characteristics

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Suitability of Smart Work Zone Technologies Based on Project Characteristics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Use of Smart Work Zone Technologies for Improving Work Zone Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26637.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Suitability of Smart Work Zone Technologies Based on Project Characteristics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Use of Smart Work Zone Technologies for Improving Work Zone Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26637.
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Page 224
Page 225
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Suitability of Smart Work Zone Technologies Based on Project Characteristics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Use of Smart Work Zone Technologies for Improving Work Zone Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26637.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Suitability of Smart Work Zone Technologies Based on Project Characteristics." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Use of Smart Work Zone Technologies for Improving Work Zone Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26637.
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Page 226

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Suitability of Smart Work Zone Technologies Based on Project Characteristics D-3   Critical Project Characteristics Work Zone ITS Applications Q ue ue w ar ni ng Re al -ti m e tra ve le r i nf or m at io n In ci de nt m an ag em en t D yn am ic la ne m er ge Va ria bl e sp ee d lim it Au to m at ed e nf or ce m en t* C on st ru ct io n ve hi cl e en tra nc e an d ex it wa rn in g Te m po ra ry ra m p m et er in g Pe rfo rm an ce m ea su re m en t A reduced speed (and thus speed limit) is believed to be necessary because of work zone hazards that are not readily apparent to motorists and so will not likely result in lower speeds driven  The project plans limit ability of enforcement to operate (no shoulders, barrier on both sides, long stretches between interchanges)  Access to and from the work space occurs directly from the travel lanes  A high number of construction vehicle deliveries into the work space will be required during the project  The location and design of the access points could create confusion for motorists (i.e., access to the work space looks like an exit ramp and is near an existing actual exit ramp)   Little or no acceleration lane is available for construction vehicles entering the travel lanes from the work space   Capacity reductions in the work zone now create an oversaturated condition due to merging ramp vehicles  Temporary ramp geometrics have constrained acceleration lane lengths  Work activities have temporarily disabled one or more permanent ramp meters within the limits of an operational ramp metering system  Work zone ITS is already being deployed for other purposes 

D-4 Use of Smart Work Zone Technologies for Improving Work Zone Safety Critical Project Characteristics Work Zone ITS Applications Q ue ue w ar ni ng Re al -ti m e tra ve le r i nf or m at io n In ci de nt m an ag em en t D yn am ic la ne m er ge Va ria bl e sp ee d lim it Au to m at ed e nf or ce m en t* C on st ru ct io n ve hi cl e en tra nc e an d ex it wa rn in g Te m po ra ry ra m p m et er in g Pe rfo rm an ce m ea su re m en t Project documents include traffic mobility performance requirements (i.e., maximum allowable delays) that must be monitored to ensure and quantify compliance and subsequent incentives or penalties to be issued [(performance specifications of mobility impacts [delay or queues]  The agency chooses the project for assessment purposes as part of its federally mandated biannual process review  * Assumes that the state transportationcode allows use of automatedspeed enforcement in work zones.  Characteristic could be addressed with this work zone ITS application.  Characteristic could be addressed with this work zone ITS application if some modification(s) were made or real-time actions were taken by an operator.

E-1   A P P E N D I X E Summary of Existing Literature, Guidance, and Standards for Smart Work Zone Technologies

Table E-1. Summary of existing general literature and guidance for smart work zone technologies. State Title Reference Summary - Comparative Analysis Report: The Benefits of Using Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones Luttrell et al. 2008 Analyzed the quantitative benefits of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications on work zone mobility and safety. Features case studies from five sites in Washington, DC; North Carolina; Texas; Michigan; and Arkansas. - Improving Work Zones Every Day, in Every Way Paracha and Ostroff 2018 Presents an overview of smart work zone technologies and discusses various FHWA programs to improve work zone safety, including the Smarter Work Zone Initiative, the Work Zone Data Initiative (WZDI), and Work Zone Safety Grants. - Smarter Work Zones Webinar Series Webinar 1: Overview of the Smarter Work Zones Initiative Paracha et al. 2015 Provides overview of smart work zone technologies and presents case study application for Callahan Tunnel rehabilitation project in Massachusetts. - Synthesis of Intelligent Work Zone Practices Roelofs and Brookes 2014 Provides an overview of dynamic lane merge, queue warning, variable speed limit (VSL), and traveler information systems. Presents Department of Transportation (DOT) practices and discusses the benefits DOTs have obtained from using these technologies in work zones. - Creating Smarter Work Zones Scriba and Atkinson 2014 Discusses how the growth of ITS technologies and tools such as Bluetooth data collection can be used to make work zones safer. Provides an overview of 17 different work zone safety technologies.

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To make work zones safer, state departments of transportation (DOTs) use smart technologies with specialized components, such as sensors, communications, software, and electronic equipment, to manage traffic and operations and disseminate traveler information.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 587: Use of Smart Work Zone Technologies for Improving Work Zone Safety reviews and documents state DOT practices and implementation challenges regarding the use of smart work zone technologies designed to improve safety for motorists, construction and maintenance workers, and other users of the transportation system.

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