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Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report (2023)

Chapter:Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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Appendix B

Elements of the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process

TABLE B-1 Elements of the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process

Element of the process Stage of DGA Development Process*
Stage 1: Identify topics and supporting scientific questions Stage 2: Appoint a DGAC to review the evidence Stage 3: Develop the DGA
Who was involved
  • USDA and HHS staff in consultation with agencies across the federal government
  • The public
  • Secretaries of USDA and HHS appoint the DGAC members (20)
  • Divided into six subcommittees and one cross-cutting working group (data analysis and food pattern modeling)
    • Supported by staff of the federal agencies (including the federal data analysis team and NESR)
  • The public
  • Staff of the USDA/HHS: federal writing group
  • Federal agencies with nutrition policy and programs
  • External experts for peer review
  • The public
Page 122 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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What happened
  • Federal nutritionists proposed topics and supporting questions
    • The list was informed by the needs of federal nutrition-related programs and reflected the 2014 Farm Bill
  • Open public comment period
  • Topics and questions were refined and posted with the call for DGAC nominations
  • Protocols developed for each question
  • Review the evidence (NESR systematic reviews, data analysis, and food pattern modeling)
  • Develop conclusion statements and provide advice for Secretaries to consider for the next guidelines
  • Open public comment periods
  • DGAC disbands after submitting the DGAC Scientific Report to the Secretaries
  • Public and federal scientists comment on DGAC Scientific Report
  • DGA is written
  • DGA undergo federal expert technical review by all agencies with nutrition policies and programs across USDA and HHS
  • DGA undergo peer-review by external experts (including previous DGAC members and federal scientists and policy advisors)
  • DGA complete federal clearance process and receive approval from Secretaries of USDA and HHS
  • DGA are released to the public
Data considered
  • Needs of federal nutrition-related programs
  • Existing evidence-based federal guidance and existing systematic reviews
  • Public and agency comments
  • Published research
  • Previous and new NESR systematic reviews
  • Databases (What We Eat In America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Health Interview Survey, National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result, and National Vital Statistics System)
  • Dietary Reference Intakes
  • Public comments
  • Public comments and agency input
  • DGAC Scientific Report
  • Previous edition of the DGA
  • Existing evidence based on federal guidance
  • Needs of federal nutrition-related programs
  • Unintended consequences
Page 123 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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Data analysis conducted
  • Review public comments and agency input
    • Considered each comment in relation to four criteria (briefly: relevance, importance, impact, and avoiding duplication)
  • Review needs of federal nutrition-related programs
  • Protocols created for each question
    • Data analysis protocols
    • Food pattern modeling protocols
    • Systematic review protocols
  • Data analysis—collection of analyses to describe the current health and dietary intakes of Americans
  • Food pattern modeling—analysis of how a change in dietary pattern affects nutrient needs
  • Systematic reviews—synthesizing peer-reviewed literature
  • Review public and agency comments on DGAC Scientific Report
  • Review needs of federal nutrition-related programs, previous guideline editions, and previous DGAC recommendations

NOTE: DGA = Dietary Guidelines for Americans; DGAC = Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee; HHS = U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; NESR = Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review

*Based on stages presented in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025

Page 124 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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FIGURE B-1 Comparison of select milestones in the timeline recommended in the 2017 National Academies Report (top) with that used to develop the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (bottom).
Page 125 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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Image
FIGURE B-1 Comparison of select milestones in the timeline recommended in the 2017 National Academies Report (top) with that used to develop the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (bottom).
Page 126 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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REFERENCES

DGA (Dietary Guidelines for Americans), n.d.a. USDA-HHS development of the Dietary Guidelines. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/usda-hhs-development-dietary-guidelines (accessed August 31, 2022).

DGA. n.d.b. Process to identify the topics and questions. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/resources/about-process/process-identify-topics-and-questions (accessed August 31, 2022).

DGA. n.d.c. Topics and questions for review organized by topic. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/resources/about-process/process-identify-topics-and-questions/topics-andquestions-review-organized (accessed August 31, 2022).

DGAC (Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee). 2020. Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee: Advisory Report to the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Agriculture. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/2020-advisory-committee-report (accessed June 6, 2022).

NASEM (The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2017. Redesigning the process for establishing the dietary guidelines for americans. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

USDA/HHS (U.S. Department of Agriculture/Department of Health and Human Services). 2020. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025, 9th ed. https://dietaryguidelines.gov/ (accessed June 6, 2022).

Page 121 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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Page 122 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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Page 123 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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Page 124 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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Page 125 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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Page 126 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Elements of the 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26653.
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In response to a request from Congress, the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study comparing the process to develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 (DGA 2020-2025) to recommendations included in the previously published National Academies report, Redesigning the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This report describes the findings of the committee and conclusions related to this assessment. Notably, this report does not evaluate the merits of the DGA 2020-2025 but evaluates the process by which they were created relative to the recommendations made in the previously published National Academies report.

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