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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26659.
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Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events

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Steve Moddemeyer, Negin Sobhani, and Berna Oztekin-Gunaydin, Editors

Committee on Hazard Mitigation and Resilience Applied Research Topics

Policy and Global Affairs


Consensus Study Report

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26659.
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NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001

This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (Contract No. 10005604). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-69183-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-69183-4
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/26659

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022.
Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26659.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26659.
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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president.

The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.

The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.

Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26659.
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Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.

Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.

Rapid Expert Consultations published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are authored by subject-matter experts on narrowly focused topics that can be supported by a body of evidence. The discussions contained in rapid expert consultations are considered those of the authors and do not contain policy recommendations. Rapid expert consultations are reviewed by the institution before release.

For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26659.
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COMMITTEE ON HAZARD MITIGATION AND RESILIENCE APPLIED RESEARCH TOPICS

STEVE MODDEMEYER (Chair), Principal for Planning, Sustainability, and Resilience, CollinsWoerman Architects

CHRISTOPHER EMRICH, Boardman Endowed Associate Professor of Environmental Science and Public Administration, School of Public Administration, University of Central Florida

ERICK C. JONES SR., Dean, College of Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno; and Jefferson Science Fellow, Office of the Chief Economist, U.S. Department of State

ELENA KRIEGER, Director of Research, Physicians, Scientists, and Engineers for Healthy Energy

THERESE MCALLISTER, Community Resilience Group Leader and Program Manager, National Institute of Standards and Technology

ADAM Z. ROSE, Research Professor, Department of Public Policy and Senior Research Fellow, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Threats and Emergencies, University of Southern California

STACY SWANN, Chief Executive Officer, Climate Finance Advisors, BLLC

Project Staff

NEGIN SOBHANI, Study Director

BERNA OZTEKIN-GUNAYDIN, Program Officer (from April 2022)

DANIELLE GOLDSMITH, Senior Program Assistant

OLIVIA TORBERT, Senior Program Assistant (until March 2022)

HOPE HARE, Administrative Assistant (until March 2022)

Consultant

JOE ALPER, Consulting Writer

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26659.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26659.
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Acknowledgments

The committee would like to acknowledge the Federal Emergency Management Agency for their generous support of this study. The committee also acknowledges the input it received from the Resilient America Roundtable and from those individuals who attended the April 11, 2022 planning meeting for the workshop that informed the committee’s work. In addition, the committee acknowledges the valuable contributions made by the speakers at the May 31, 2022 workshop.

Acknowledgements of Reviewers

This Consensus Study Report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making its published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Anita Chandra, RAND Corporation; Lisa Churchill, Climate Advisory, LLC; Felicia Jefferson, Fort Valley State University; Alessandra Jerolleman, Jacksonville State University; Steward Pickett, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies.

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Gerald Galloway, University of Maryland. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of the report was conducted in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Academies.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26659.
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A cascading hazard refers to a primary event, such as heavy rainfall, seismic activity, or rapid snowmelt, followed by a chain of consequences that may range from modest (lesser than the original event) to substantial. Also, the type of cascading damage and losses may be more severe than if they had occurred separately. Currently, research on disasters has focused largely on those triggered by natural hazards interacting with vulnerable human systems (e.g., populations and organizations) and the built environment. Compounding and cascading natural hazards, whether acute or chronic in nature, can be further amplified by other events, such as public health outbreaks, supply chain disruptions and cyberattacks.

Resilience for Compounding and Cascading Events explores strategies that would enable the nation to be better prepared for and respond to these disasters so that affected communities can not only rebuild, but do so in a manner that increases their resilience to future events.</>

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